Ruminal acidosis is a metabolic disorder that affects ruminants, including cattle, sheep, and goats, due to a pH imbalance in the rumen. The rumen has a diverse population of microorganisms involved in carbohydrate metabolism, with anaerobic microorganisms in the rumen and cecum playing a crucial role. During healthy rumen metabolism, microbial fermentation produces volatile fatty acids, including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. Excessive intake of feeds with high soluble carbohydrate content can cause ruminal acidosis by altering the ratio of volatile fatty acids produced through microbial fermentation, which in turn changes the rumen pH. Acidosis is defined as a decrease in the alkalinity of body fluids relative to their acid content. The pH of body fluids may or may not decrease during acidosis, depending on the degree of bicarbonate compensation. Impaired central nervous system function can occur even if blood pH remains stable due to low bicarbonate concentrations, which are buffered by bicarbonate. While a blood pH below 7.35 is required for a clinical diagnosis of acidosis, other clinical signs such as ruminal pH, anorexia, variable feed intake, diarrhea, and lethargy are commonly used to diagnose acidosis in beef cattle.

Curcuma longa rhizome is the source of turmeric. Curcumin exhibits some encouraging antiparasitic properties in helminths. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of curcumin in Toxocara canis eggs in vitro. Curcumin dilutions (36.8 mg/ml, 18.4 mg/ml and 3.6 mg/ml) were prepared by adding RPMI-1640. The eggs and hatched infective-stage larvae were incubated with curcumin dilutions for 6, 12 or 24 hours. The ovicidal activity was evaluated after 28 days. Larvicidal activity was assessed after completing each incubation time. In the present study, no changes in the eggshell structure were observed in all curcumin groups. The lowest embryogenesis rate (75%) was observed only at the highest curcumin dilution (36.8 mg/ml) at the 12- and 24-hour incubations, but the difference was not found statistically significant. No significant larvicidal effect of curcumin was detected. The percentage of moving larvae was 80% at 12 hours and 76% at 24 hours in the highest curcumin dilution (36.8 mg/ml). T. canis larvae survived in RPMI-1640 for four days after being incubated with 36.8 mg/ml curcumin for 24 hours. However, the untreated larvae were still active at this time. Further studies focusing on the migration of T. canis infective larvae in animal models may shed light on the effect of curcumin, which is rapidly metabolized in the body and absorbed at low levels from the intestine, on the migrating larva.

Hoof health is one of the key factors in maintaining proper animal health, longevity and productivity. Hoof health influences the overall well-being of animals, so it is a concern for the dairy farmers. It is a serious welfare issue also. In this article  common  hoof  disorders  of  cattle  and  various  risk  factors  associated  with hoof health and the common management practices suggested to improve the hoof health of the cattle and thus to improve overall health and productivity are discussed.

Analysis of performance of industrial broiler chicken data reveals that, summer season has recorded significantly (P<0.01) higher market age of 39.98 days and the highest market weight was recorded in winter (2.33 kg).   The lowest market weight was recorded in summer (2.20 kg) with significantly (P<0.01) poorest feed conversion ratio of 1.70. The high negative correlation coefficient of -0.88 was observed between feed conversion ratio and Broiler Performance Efficiency Factor (BPEF) score which indicates that, feed efficiency is a single largest factor influencing the BPEF score, while market age has the positive correlation with feed conversion ratio (0.63), which means market age has negative association with feed efficiency. It is concluded that, though feed efficiency is a single largest factor in influencing the BPEF score, while market age is indirectly influencing feed efficiency which in turn is a decision of integrator.

An 8-year-old male kathiawari horse was presented to Large Animal Surgery Unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, with a history of cloudiness and lacrimation of the right eye with worm crawling for the past 3 days. Ophthalmic examination revealed a thread like worm swimming inside the anterior chamber of eye and mild opacity was noticed in the right eye. Under xylazine-ketamine general anaesthesia and proparacaine topical analgesia, the worm was surgical removed by needle paracentesis. Postoperatively, the horse was administered antibiotics and anti-inflammatories along with inj. Tetanus toxoid. The horse was dewormed with oral ivermectin. A complete resolution of lacrimation and corneal opacity was noticed on 20th postoperative day.

Pneumovagina is a prevalent condition in older Thoroughbred mares, characterized by the abnormal entry of air into the vagina which leads to chronic endometritis. Poor vulvar conformation in such mares predisposes them to infections, leading to chronic reproductive issues like subfertility. The mare was presented with history of purulent vaginal discharge and inappetence for past one week. Based on the physical, clinical and ultrasonographic examinations, the condition was confirmed as pneumovagina with uterine distension and endometritis. The treatment included antibiotics based on microbial sensitivity, uterine lavage, and performed Caslick’s operation, where the vulvar lips were surgically sutured and reduced the length and diameter of vulva. After postoperative therapy, the mare recovered uneventfully. A follow-up wind-sucker test was negative, and there were no signs of pneumovagina. Caslick’s operation proved to be a successful intervention for managing recurrent endometritis due to pneumovagina in Thoroughbred mares. This case emphasizes the importance of timely surgical correction in preventing further reproductive complications.

Many times,snakes suffer from multiple injuries as they are frequently exposed to uneven things while crawling on the ground. Surgery is needed in many of these circumstances to minimize the disfiguring effect. The present case report presents a spectacled cobra (Naja naja) found injured at a construction site with severe abdominal evisceration and its successful surgical management. The surgical procedure involved repositioning of the protruded organs, clotting musculature and skin in appropriate ways, and post-operative supportive care to prevent infection. This case highlights the importance of timely intervention and appropriate techniques in treating traumatic injuries in snakes.

Brown seaweeds contain exclusive and enriched source of health promoting bioactive metabolites especially dietary fibre, antioxidants, essential amino acids, short chain fatty acids and minerals that helps in regulating and improving the gut microbiota and gut health. Threonine was found to be the predominant essential amino acids in S. tenerrimum (2.14±0.67 g/100g). The presence of n-3 long chain PUFA and the low ratio of n6:n3 fatty acid in S. tenerrimum (0.28) suggests it to serve as an ideal ingredient in preparation of low fat meat products. The Na/K ratio being 0.25 in S. tenerrimum could be of interest from a nutritional point of view as a balanced Na/K ratio is important to control hypertension. The mineral profile of S. tenerrimum suggests its suitability in preparation of low salt meat foods. The results of chemical profile of S. tenerrimum identifies it to act as an ideal functional source of amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and anti-oxidants in meat products which will help to alleviate the ill effects of nutritional deficiencies.

The current study focuses on development of videos for effective dissemination of information on scientific animal husbandry practices through  social  media platform (YouTube) channel (Pashu Pragna) created for the specific purpose. Four important topics were selected for video production namely, clean milk production, artificial insemination in sheep and goat, improving fat and SNF in lactating cows and various government schemes for livestock development. The content and quality of videos were evaluated and standardized, by a team of experts consisting of 30 members. The effectiveness of these uploaded Pashu Pragna channel videos were assessed by exposing them to a sample of 100 livestock farmers who possessed at least five milch animals or shepherds having a minimum of 20 sheep or goats in Kolar district of Karnataka. The progress was measured in terms of their knowledge gain. The results indicated that majority of the experts rated the videos as good, both in terms of content and quality. Likewise, majority of the respondents who were exposed to the videos through the channel provided highly satisfied feedback. Further almost all of them had acquired significant level of knowledge gain on immediate post exposure evaluation, which indicated the effectiveness of the developed videos streamed through YouTube channel.

This  research  study  was  undertaken  to  find out  the  Participation  pattern and information sharing behaviour of farmers in WhatsApp social media. The data were collected by both interview method and participant observation technique. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics; association with participation pattern and the variables were captured by using chi square and Mann Whitney U test; relationship between selected independent variables and tendency to access and share information in WhatsApp group was studied using logistic regression model. The results revealed that 51.70 % of the farmers used WhatsApp mainly for sharing of farm related information, had a WhatsApp usage period of ranging from 0.3 to 10 years, possess membership in seven groups and as group admin in more than one group with 10 to 360 minutes time spent per day. Selected independent variables viz., type of group, number of membership and admin status, WhatsApp and internet usage period, relationship with group members, role in content generation, age and involvement in specialized farming all together explained 60 per cent of variations in tendency to access and share information in social media.