Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease that poses significant threat to public health in Iraq. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of CCHF in humans, with a focus on occupational exposure, mortality rates, and temporal distribution. The retrospective analysis identified 290 confirmed cases reported between 2022 and 2023, with a total incidence case estimate of 13.5 per 100,000 individuals. The highest proportion was found among housewives (36%), followed by animal’s owners (21%) and animal’s sellers (16%). The mortality rate was estimated to be2.1 per 100,000 individuals, with a case fatality rate of 15.5%. The temporal analysis revealed a peak incidence in June 2022 (1.86 per 100,000 individuals) and May 2023 (1.53 per 100,000 individuals), highlighting seasonal patterns in disease transmission. The study concluded that CCHF is endemic disease in Thi-Qar province, and therefore, intervention programs are urgently needed to mitigate the risk of new cases. The suggested control program should include the application of acaricides to reduce tick infestations, the enforcement of regulations to prevent illegal animal slaughtering, and public awareness campaigns to improve the knowledge about the disease.

This study performed on 300 sheep in Mosul city from August 2024 to October 2024 for demonstration Microfilariae in sheep blood by use various methods such as Knott's technique, MG stain Giemsa, and fluorescent acridine orange staining. When detecting of microfilaria in the blood . The percentage of microfilaria infection is 56% during investigation by modified Knott technique. There were three forms of infection , mild ,moderate and severe infection with microfilariae in sheep using the same method showed significant differences in infection severity, below the limit of level (P < 0.05) .Also we studied the of risk factors such as age on the intensity of infection.,there was significant differences, a high percentage of infection was noticed in animals over three years old (93.1%) while low rat in sheep below one years old (27.1%). No significant differences noticed between the females (58%) and males (54%). The animals husbandry indicated increase level of infection out door system (61.6%) than indoor system (45.7%). Also there was significant differences between breed of the animals ,the infection rates in higher in export sheep (90%) than local breed (49.5%).

In this study, the parasite Cryptosporidium spp. was investigated in backyard chicken and the effect of age and sex on the infection rate was studied. All samples taken from feces and intestinal contents were examined microscopically by staining methods including modified acid-fast stain, Malachite Green Stain at a concentration of 5%, 1%, Nigrosin Stain (1%), and Safranin methylene blue staining. The overall infection rate was 48.7%. The Oocyst appeared in an oval to spherical shape with a bright red color in modified acid-fast stain and without stain with a green background in malachite green stain 5% and light malachite green 1%. The oocyst appeared brighter, while in an orange color when using safranin methylene blue stain. The highest infection rate was found in the modified acid-fast stain (48.7%), Its efficiency reached 100%, Nigrosin stain (47%), malachite green stain (45.2%), and safranin blue stain (43.5%), while the lowest infection rate in the light malachite green stain (30.4%). The oocysts were divided into two types of cysts depending on the size of the cysts (large cysts and small cysts) and on the wall thickness (thick-walled cysts and thin-walled cysts). the highest infection rate was in young ages less than three months (60.8%), while in adults, the infection rate was 29.2%, no significant difference was recorded between the infection rate in females and males,

Ectoparasites can severely impact wildlife species, both through their feeding behaviour and by facilitating secondary infestations or bacterial infections. Here, we report on two cases of periorbital damage caused by ixodid tick infestations in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), including a rare record of traumatic myiasis in wildlife. Both cheetahs were recently reintroduced to the Marromeu-Coutada Complex in Central Mozambique and had sustained relatively severe injuries. This ostensibly yielded them immunocompromised and thus more vulnerable to tick infestations, particularly when exposed to novel species. These incidents occurred during the peak hot-wet season in which adult tick abundance is likely highest. These cases provide novel insights into the risks of tick infestations for reintroduced cheetahs and the importance of intensive post-release monitoring to allow for timeous veterinary intervention. Contribution: This study falls within the scope of the journal. Ixodid ticks are of veterinary importance for wildlife and domestic animals across Africa because of the associated direct damage and potential spread of tick-borne pathogens. This study investigates two cases of tick infestations in cheetahs recently reintroduced into a tropical environment. The identified risk factors appear to be exposure to novel ectoparasites, injuries, and the hot-wet season. This highlights the need to consider ectoparasite risk when planning wildlife translocations.

In recent decades, proper and high-quality food rations have been important factors in the development of the shrimp industry, its growth and maintaining its health. Since, macroalgae and probiotics play significant role in aquaculture development.This study investigates the synergistic effect of a premixed extract of brown macroalgae (Sargassum ilicifolium،Nizimuddinia zanardini،Padina australis, and Cystoseira Indica, MPE) and probiotic Bacillus subtilis IS0 (P) on the growth performance, and digestive activity in Litopenaeus vannamei. In this study, 2400 post-larvae with an average weight of 1.29±0.28 mg were randomly distributed at a density of 100 individuals in 8 experimental groups with 3 replications for each group. The control group received a diet without MPE and P, while the other groups were fed diets containing 15 g kg-1 of MPE, 1 g 100g-1 of P (P1), 2 g 100g-1 of P (P2), 3 g 100g-1 of P (P3), MPE+P1, MPE+P2, and MPE+P3 respectively for 60 days. The results showed that the groups fed MPE+P2 and MPE+P3 had the highest specific growth rates (SGR), final weights (FW) and weight gains (WG), which were significantly different from the control and other experimental groups (p<0.05). The MPE+P2 group also had the highest enzyme activities for lipase (2.02±1.37 U mL-1 protein) and protease (76.37±883.33 U mL-1 protein) (p<0.05). In conclusion, the Simultaneous use of extracts from brown macroalgae and probiotic Bacillus subtilis at a concentration of 2 g 100-1 g of diet improved growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of shrimp.

Oregano is an aromatic plant native to the Mediterranean region of Europe and Asia which is rich in plant chemical compounds including carvacrol and thymol, as well as phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. In this study, the effects of using oregano essential oil niosomal nanocarriers on the lipid peroxidation and the plasma antioxidant defense of Cyprinus fingerlings were investigated. A total of 240 common carp fingerling were fed in four groups, i.e., basic diet (control group), basic diet+0.05 (T1),+0.1 (T2),+1.5 g/Kg (T3) nano-niosomal oregano powder. On day 30 and day 60, the amount of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly reduced in the treatments that had oregano added to their diet compared to the control group (p<0.0001). By ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method, a significant increase in the antioxidant capacity of plasma was observed on day 60 in the T2 (p=0.0003) and T3 (p<0.0001) compared to the control group.

The widespread use of parabens has led to their accumulation in aquatic environments. This study examined the effects of methylparaben on rainbow trout, dividing 96 fish into control and treatment groups (1 mg/L, 5 mg/L, and 8 mg/L). Results showed dose-dependent weight loss, altered hepatosomatic indices, increased serum urea, uric acid, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Histopathological analysis revealed liver and kidney abnormalities in treated groups, including hepatocyte degeneration, proliferation in the bile duct, glomerular atrophy, reduced haematopoietic tissue, increased melanomacrophage centres, necrosis and fibrosis. Contribution: These findings highlight methylparaben’s toxic effects, emphasising the need for stricter regulations and further research to safeguard aquatic ecosystems and understand its impact on aquatic organisms.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal viral haemorrhagic disease affecting pigs. This study uses official surveillance data to investigate the persistence and spread of ASF in wild boar populations in Serbia from 2020 to 2024. A total of 480 ASF cases were analysed, with spatiotemporal clustering conducted via SaTScan™ and proximity analyses performed in the Quantum Geographic Information System. The yearly prevalence of ASF in wild boar rose steadily from 0.66% in 2020 to 1.47% in 2023. Seasonal trends showed a significant increase in cases during winter (68%) and spring (24%). Five distinct clusters were identified, predominantly near the borders with North Macedonia and Bulgaria, suggesting potential cross-border transmission. Proximity to major roads was significantly associated with ASF case distribution (p  0.01), while proximity to water bodies and elevation showed no consistent pattern. The findings highlight critical gaps in current passive surveillance systems, which likely underestimate ASF prevalence. The study underscores the need for enhanced surveillance in remote and wooded areas and proposes strategies to improve ASF monitoring and control in wild boar populations. Contribution: This study highlights the feasibility of cost-effective, non-invasive surveillance methods for ASF detection, offering critical insights for low-income countries where resources for intensive disease monitoring are limited. By demonstrating how environmental and anthropogenic factors drive ASF dynamics, this research provides actionable strategies for improving regional and global ASF control efforts.

Mahyaveh, a traditional fermented fish product consumed as condiments in the southern part of Iran. In this study, the effects of the Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus  as starters culture on the chemical and microbial properties of fermented sauce were studied during a 45-days interval. The studied parameters were pH, acidity, crude protein, TVB-N, salt content, biogenic amines (i.e. Histamine and tyramine), halophilic bacteria, LAB, mold and yeast counts. The results showed that pH values and crude protein content were significantly different among the studied groups (p<0.05). The interaction between time and applying starters on significant changes in acidity was observed. The highest amount of TVB-N was measured for the treated group. The amount of histamine and the salt content of the samples decreased over time. There was also a significant difference in the tyramine levels of the samples (p<0.05). The highest count of Halophiles, Bacillus, Mold and Yeast were observed in the control group. The cfu of LAB increased during the time of fermentation process. It can be concluded that the inoculated sauce with L. plantarum and L.starters was more acceptable in terms of chemical and microbial properties compared to the control group.

A gravid, previously-injured, female, wild Eastern chicken turtle (Deirochelys reticularia reticularia) was treated by the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Turtle Rescue Team for prolonged anorexia and possible dystocia.  Medical management included successful induction of oviposition with oxytocin.  Radiographs and ultrasonography were used to confirm the presence of eggs within the oviducts prior to oxytocin therapy.  Ultrasonography revealed Doppler blood flow within at least one egg and the presence of a developing embryo.  It is hypothesized that these findings may be unique to Eastern chicken turtles.  This case demonstrated that case management may be complicated by a patient’s medical history and also unique life-history traits.