The aim of this study was to evaluate the regenerative activity ofautotransplantation of superficial flexor digital tendon and bone marrowon the repair of sciatic nerve in dogs. Eight adult dogs from both sexeswere used. The age ranges from 1-2 years and weight from 10-15 kgs.The animals were divided into two groups control and treatment groupeach group consists of four animals. Each animal in the first group wasanesthetized with mixture of xylazine and ketamine at a dose of 5 mg/kgand 10 mg/kg of body weight I.M, respectively. The skin of the lateralsurface of the thigh region was incised, fascia and muscle group wereseparated using blunt dissection, the left sciatic nerve was harvested and a10 mm piece was transected. A segment longer than 10 mm of superficialflexor digital tendon was harvested and autografted using 5/0 nylon. Inthe second group animals underwent the same manner of first group aswell as bone marrow applied at operative site. 60 days post operativelyresults exhibited improvement in activity of affected limb in treatedanimals with graft and bone marrow. Histologically there was animprovement at site of graft represented by formation of granulationtissue in both groups. In conclusion the local application of bone marrow on the site of tendon graft led to enhance the regeneration of sciatic nerveresulting in functional improvement of the affected limb

The aim of the study is determine the toxic effects and some biochemical changesof amitraz insecticide in adult albino female rats. First the median lethal dose ( )of oral amitraz was (717.125mg/kg)and were clear toxic signs of amitraz intoxicationsuch as incoordination, dull, depression, salivation, bulging of eyes, recumbence anddeath. Then alpha 2 (α-2) adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole at (0.5 and 1mg/kg),and alkalinizing agents sodium bicarbonate at (50 and 100 mg/kg) were given by IProute, 15minutes before giving the oral administration of amitraz improved theprophylactic rates to 14.66 % and 24.45% for atepamizole, and to1.79 % and 17.38%for Sodium bicarbonate respectively, and the toxic signs of amitraz intoxication werereduced when atipamezole and sodium bicarbonate injected. After three hours of oralnon-lethal amitraz dosing with (250 and 500mg/kg) increased serum glucoseconcentration (291.33±2.9 and 328.02±4.8mg/dL) respectively compared with thecontrol group value (134.05±9.6 mg/dL), also the Amitraz at same doses were risenup the level of serum cortisol to (7.30±0.3 and 7.43±0.3 µg/dL) respectively ascompared with the control value (2.39±0.26 µg/dL). Also it causes an increasedserum level of transaminases enzymes (AST and ALT) compared with the controlvalue, while amitraz at (500mg/kg, orally) increased enzyme ALP activity in theserum of rats when it is compared with control value. The results of this study referto that amitraz may cause tissues damage and toxic effects in rats.

This study was carried out in an animal house of the Collage of VeterinaryMedicine/ University of Basrah, An attempt has been done to induce diabetic byalloxan in male guinea pigs and investigation of the effects of diabetic on semen fluidquality. Moreover, the present study aimed to evaluate the ameliorating effect ofethanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua, metformin and Glimphan in experimentallyinduced in diabetic male guinea pigs. The study was applied on (30) adult male guineapigs, their weight ranged between (800-1000g) and aged between 6-6.5 months. Themale guinea pigs were divided randomly into five groups, each group consist of sixguinea pig as the following:Group1:- Male guinea pigs at (Negative controls) administrated normalsaline3ml orally for 30 days.Group2:- Male guinea pigs at(Positive control) given alloxan (150mg/kg B.W.I.P) for three days and remain for 30 days.Group3:- Male guinea pigs given alloxan (150mg/kg B.W. I.P.) for three days,then treated with Glimphan drug ( 0.1mg/kg orally administration) for 30 days.Group4:- Male guinea pigs given alloxan (150mg/kg I.P.) for three days, thentreated with Metformin drug(15mg/kg orally administration) for 30 days. Group5:- Male guinea pigs given alloxan 150mg/kg I.P. for three days, thentreated with ethanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua fruit (500mg/kg B.W. orallyadministration) for 30days.At the end of experimental period, the blood samples were collected from heart bycardiac puncture, the serum was isolated to be used for the analysis of biochemicalparameters such as glucose concentration, FSH, LH and testosterone concentrations.The results showed a significant (P≤0.05) increase in glucose concentration of theserum diabetic male guinea pig group as compared with (-ve) control group, whereasthe results were revealed a significant(P≤0.05)decrease of glucose concentrationguinea pigs treated with ethanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua. The results obtained asignificant decrease (P≤0.05) in body weight, FSH, LH and testosteroneconcentrations in serum and semen, sperm motility, sperm concentration, total spermcell, live-dead sperm and significant (P≤0.05) increase in sperm abnormalities. Whileguinea pigs that are treated with ethanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua the showed asignificant (P≤0.05) increase in body weight. In addition, this extract improved thereproductive system by significantly increasing FSH, LH and testosteroneconcentrations in serum and semen, sperm motility, sperm concentration, total spermcell, live-dead sperm and significant (P≤0.05) decrease in sperm abnormalities of thediabetic male guinea pigs treated with extract as compared with (-ve) control andanother treated groups.Histological examination showed many pathological changes in pancreas and testisin diabetic group but in those that are treated with ethanolic extract of Ceratoniasiliqua, the histological changes were near the normal status. It is concluded thatgood anti-diabetic activity, hypoglycemia effect and spermatogenic activities. Basedon these results, we suggested the possible utilization of Ceratonia siliqua as atherapy to prevent diabetic and improved the performance of male reproductivesystem as compared with other treated such as glimephan and metformin drugs

This study is the first in southern Iraq, which shows the diagnosis ofParvovirus disease in young puppies, where the samples were collected fromsmall dogs, and this was done from April 2018 to April 2019 it was conductedon 50 dogs with different breeds ranging between (2-18) months aged of bothsexes. fecal samples were collected from infected dogs from veterinary clinics in(Basrah, Dhi Qar, Maysan and AL-Muthanna provinces) .After the autopsy ofthe dead carcass which died soon during the period (24-72) hours, bleeding inthe intestines and congestion was observed as well as the water content andadhesions, hypertrophy of the heart and necrosis in areas of pale color ofdifferent size focci are surrounded by hyperemic zone. The microscopical resultof enteric CPV lesion showed sever infiltration of inflammatory cells in themucosal layer of intestine ,hypertrophy of goblet cells in the villi andnecrotizing area in the tip of villi as well to hyperplasia of goblet cells alsoedematous fluid in mucosal layer. cardiac CPV lesion showed infiltration ofinflammatory cells in myocardial cell fibers ,also there was an area ofvacculation of some myocardial cells in addition to edematous fluid in themyocardial interstitiaum .significant increases of biochemical cardiacmarkers(cTi-1,AST,LDH and CPK) showed cardiac troponin I (cTnI), aspartatetransaminase AST, creatinine phosphatkinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenaseLDH which showed (0.024 ± 0.003),( 50.5±4.49),( 327.9 ± 55.01) and (467.9 ±49.1) respectively when it is compared to healthy group which showed cardiactroponin I (cTnI), aspartate transaminase AST, creatinine phosphatkinase(CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase LDH were (0.004± 0.0003),( 24.2±1.74),(90± 13.58) and (289 ±15.5), the Parvovirus contains 400 bp of matrimonialbases after being diagnosed using the polymerase chain reaction PCR and thistechnical method widely applied to provide rapid diagnosis The current studyconducts that the CPV-2 is endemic in south of Iraq ,the disease shows veryimportant clinical ,pathological and biochemical feature that lead to increasemorbidity and mortality rate.

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious and devastating viral disease ofpoultry that distributed worldwide causing large economic losses in the poultryindustry. Although vaccines are being used to control the disease, there is no effectiveantiviral drug used for the treatment of infections. The aim of this study is to testgarlic oil for its antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus. Garlic oil wasincubated with the virus (LaSota strain) for 1 hr and 24 hrs and its antiviral effect wasdetermined by performing hemagglutination and RT-PCR tests to detect viral surfaceproteins and viral genome, respectively. In addition, the toxicity of garlic oil wasdetermined on the living organism by injecting it into chicken embryos with orwithout the virus. The results showed that this product played a role in the reductionof virus effectiveness through the destroying of viral surface receptors as well as thereduction of gene amplification as compared with the control group that included thetreatment of the virus with a saline solution (phosphate buffer saline), which gaveopposite results. In addition, there was no antiviral toxicity on the living organismsince the injected embryos with the oil alone or the oil with virus were healthy andclosely resemble those that have not been injected with anything. In comparison, theembryos that were injected with the virus only showed clear pathological signs thatdid not appear in the other groups containing the oil. These results suggest that garlic oil would be a good potential antiviral and probably will have a role to eliminate thedisease.

The present study aims to isolate and identify Escherichia coli from fecal samples of farmanimals and human, also, it aims to molecular detection of shigatoxin and intimin genes inisolates. A total of (264) fecal samples and swabs were collected from different parts of Basrahin the period extending from September 2018 to January 2019. These samples were composed of(85) samples from cows, (94) samples from humanand (85) samples from sheep. Differenttechniques were used in this study to detect the presence of E. coli; these techniques includedconventional microbiological assays and molecular techniques (amplification of uidA gene byusing polymerase chain reaction).The results of these techniques indicated 50 (18.9%) were E. coli from the tested samples.These isolates were subjected to PCR to detect Shiga toxins and intimin genes (stx1, stx2, andeaeA). The results of PCR confirmed all (50) isolates were harbor at least one virulence gene.Out of 50 isolates 20 (40%) carried stx2 gene alone, the percentages of the carrier were (66.7 %,41.7% and 23.5%) from human, sheep and cattle samples, respectively. The genes (stx1 andstx2) were detected together in 9/50 (18%), represent (52.9%) of cattle isolates. The intimin gene(eaeA) alone was detected in 2/50 (4%), represent (11.8%) of cattle isolates. (28%) of isolatesharbor (stx2 and eaeA) genes, the isolates belong to human and sheep isolates (33.3%) and(45.8%), respectively. Presence of the genes (stx1, stx2, and eaeA) were discovered in (10%)of isolates, (11.8%) of cattle and (12.5%) of sheep.  The isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline (92%, 74%), respectively. However, theisolates were susceptible to imipenem, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, andcefotaxime with a ratio of 100%, 92%, 78%, 68%, and 58%, respectively.

In the present study, a total of 150 mastitis milk samples were collected from sheep andgoat (75 for each one) and were analyzed for the presence of S.aureus.. The obtainedresults indicate that this bacterium observed in 20% of these samples (21.33% from sheepand 18.66% from goat) .The study of antibiotic susceptibility test to 9 different antibioticsshowed that S. aureus was 100% resistant to penicillin and 100% sensitive tovancomycin, gentamycin , clarithromycin and chloramphenicol . whereas for cefoxitin(alternative to methicillin) resistance was 47%.There were a variable sensitivitypercentage for the rest of antibiotics: Tetracycline (70%), Ciprofloxacin (80%) ,Clindamycin (83%). The biofilm-forming ability of S. aureus was evaluated viamicrotiter plates and the result revealed that, all the studied isolates were either moderatebiofilm producer or weak biofilm producer while the non-biofilm producer and strongbiofilm producer were not detected among the tested isolate.The relationship betweenbiofilm formation and resistance to methicillin showed there as no significant differences(P>0.05) in the percentage of weak and moderate biofilm producers between MRSA andMSSA isolates. PCR analysis was applied to DNA extracted from S.aureus isolates frommilk samples .The results of PCR assay revealed that all S.aureus isolates gave positiveresults for both icaA and icaD genes (100%) with Product size 151 and 211 bp,respectively.Results of this study indicate that biofilm producing S.aureus have a major role player onthe occurrence of mastitis .In addition, there was high prevalence of MRSA isolates(47%) in mastitic milk at the study area

The purpose of this research was to assess some histological parameters and activity between the left and right testis of ten adult local bulls that were collected from the Duhok slaughterhouse /Iraq. The left and right testis specimens were routinely processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The tunica albuginea is a thick sheet of dense, fibrous connective tissue that covers testicular tissue. The mean thickness of the tunics of an adult local bull differed significantly (p≤0.05) between the left and right testis. Thin septa that extended from the tunica albuginea to the mediastinum testis separated the parenchyma into lobules. Tortuous seminiferous tubules were found in each lobule. The mean diameter of the rounded seminiferous tubule of the left testicle was substantially (P<0.05) larger than that the right testicle. Tubular differential index (TDI) and spermatogenesis index (SPI) were found substantially (P<0.05) higher in the left testicle than the right. Sertoli cells are roughly pyramidal in shape, with an oval nucleus. The spermatogonia were circular or cuboidal in shape and possessed a round, dark nuclei. The large spherical nuclei and granular chromatin aggregates were found in primary spermatocytes. The spherical spermatids were small and elongated spermatids were developed. Some seminiferous tubules contain both spermatids and spermatozoa. Either narrow strands of interstitial tissue among two seminiferous tubules or massive triangular and quadrangular interstitial spaces separate up to three tubules. It contains only blood capillaries, a few Leydig cells, and some fibroblast cells, or extensive vessels (blood and lymph), as well as many Leydig cells. Within inter tubular spaces, Leydig cells were found as singular or in clusters. It was concluded that the thickness of the tunica albuginea, the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, the tubular differential index, and the spermatogenesis index were higher in the left testis of local adult bulls than the right testis.

The goal of the present study was to isolate and identify (CRISPR-Cas) elements in S. epidermidis (MRSE) from 300 samples collected from various sources. Culture techniques, biochemical tests and VITEK2 system were used for confirming of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolation.  The partial sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene was evaluated and compared with those in the Gene Bank to find differences in the sequence using the BLAST tool (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).  On the other hand, the CRISPR-Cas system was examined in all isolates of multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis in which the SECR1 and SECR2 elements were not found. The cas6 element was found in all of the tested bacterial strains. Susceptibility tests were done using the disc diffusion method after identification. Antibiotic resistance testing on S. epidermidis isolates revealed the highest percentage of multi-resistance to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, cefalexin, vancomycin, nalidixic acid at 100%. Moreover, S. epidermidis isolates showed intermediate effect against amoxillin-clavulanic acid, tobramycin, neomycin, oxacillin, tetracycline and methicillin. However, S. epidermidis isolates were found to be the most sensitive to erythromycin, norfloxacin and rifampicin. The CRISPR-Cas system can be found in S. epidermidis isolates from a variety of local sources and that the appearance of the CRISPR system in S. epidermidis isolates plays a unique role in antibiotic suitability.