With the increasing population of companion dogs, the social cost derived from their behavioral problems is increasing. Therefore, it is important to understand the environment to provide experience for dogs via interactions with their owners to prevent and solve these problems. The parenting behavior of dog owners as an environmental factor has a profound impact on the behavior development of dogs, as does the parenting behavior on children. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a scale to assess the dog owner’s parenting behavior. Exploratory factor analysis involving 300 participants resulted in a scale with four subscales, Positive Education, Involvement of Socialization, Intimacy, and Stable Responses, and 19 items. Confirmatory factor analysis was then performed to verify its reliability and validity. The result of parenting behaviors assessed by this scale was significantly different between a group with dogs with problematic behavior (n = 141) and those without (n = 159). Overall, a dog owner’s parenting behavior involves affection and control aspects, but the role required specifically in the control aspect is distinguished from the parenting behavior with children. The findings in the present study will provide dog owners with effective education that will help prevent dogs from developing behavioral problems.

Vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) is the most effective means of controlling the disease, and these vaccines are commercialized only after their safety and effectiveness have been verified through tests that comply with Korean Standards of National Lot Release for Veterinary Biologics. This study investigated whether a relatively convenient and safe serological test can be used in place of the challenge test using highly virulent ND virus. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were considered positive of log2 2 or more and cutoff value of 200 or more, respectively, in both live and inactivated vaccines. However, when the antibody levels of the live and inactivated vaccines induced using the Ulster 2C, KBNP-C4152R2L, and K148/08 strains were compared, the antibody titers for inactivated vaccines were significantly higher than those for live vaccines in both the HI assay and ELISA. A strong positive correlation was observed between HI and ELISA antibody titers. The live vaccines corresponded to a survival rates of ≥ 80% and the inactivated vaccines corresponded to 100% survival rates. This study confirmed that standard efficacy tests can serve as serological tests, and can replace the challenge test and that the vaccine approval process can be improved.

In the study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNOPs) at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were tested for their antimicrobial action against the oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The oocysts of E. tenella were isolated from the feces of broilers received at the veterinary hospital in Diwaniyah Province and initially diagnosed by compound optical microscopy. The oocysts were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction targeting the ITS1 gene with a molecular weight of 409 bp. The results in the first week showed that ZNOP concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/kg possess various activities against E. tenella, while 60 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing excreted oocysts compared to the positive control and amprolium group, along with the appearance of mild symptoms and a mortality rate of 0.8%. In the second week of infection, excreted oocysts and mortality rates generally decreased in all treated groups. A comparison of all groups showed that the 60 mg/kg ZNOP-treated group had a significantly lower number of excreted oocysts, and all birds in this group recovered during the second week of infection. These findings revealed the prospect of using ZNOPs against E. tenella in challenging situations of the appearance of resistance to anticoccidial agents.

Splenic myelolipoma is a rare tumor in dogs with an unclear origin. A male 13-yearold Schnauzer dog was presented because of a bump on the left side of the abdomen. Clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass in the spleen. A total splenectomy was carried out, and histopathology revealed a splenic myelolipoma. Before surgery, the patient showed high serum alanine aminotransferase levels, which returned to normal eight months after the resection. Unfortunately, the postoperative follow-up showed increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, suggesting liver compromise. This is the first report of a splenic myelolipoma in Colombia.

A 12-year-old intact male Dalmatian dog presented hyporexia and vomiting for 1 week. Blood analysis revealed increased liver enzyme activity. Histopathological examination of the liver confirmed chronic hepatitis with fibrosis and necrosis. Copper staining revealed marked copper accumulation (2,770 ppm; normal range, 200 to 400 ppm), prominent in the centrilobular region, and compatible with copper-associated chronic hepatitis. However, copper metabolism domain containing 1 (COMMD1) mutation predisposing to copper accumulation in the liver tissue was not identified. The dog received medications but died 1 month after first visit. This is the first case of primary copper-associated hepatitis without COMMD1 mutation in a Dalmatian dog in South Korea.

No abstract available.

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in table eggs in El-Fayoum city, Egypt. A total of 250 table egg samples (75 Baladi hens’, 75 white farm hens’, 75 brown farm hens’ and 25 duck egg samples) were collected randomly from poultry farms, groceries, supermarkets, and street vendors in El-Fayoum city, Egypt. Each Baladi hen ҆s egg sample was represented by five eggs, while each farm hen ҆s and duck egg sample was represented by three eggs. The shells and contents of eggs were examined for the presence of Staphylococcus spp < /em>., coagulase (coa), and staphylococcal enterotoxins (Ses) genes. The obtained results revealed that the examined samples of shells and contents of Baladi hens ҆, poultry farms ҆ (white and brown), and ducks ҆ eggs were contaminated with Staphylococcus spp. with incidences of 24.0, 9.3, 5.3, 44.0, 8.0, 2.7, 1.3 and 12.0 %, respectively and coagulase-positive S. aureus with the incidences of 16.7, 14.3, 0.0, 18.2, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 and 33.3 %, respectively. Enterotoxin profiling by PCR proved that two classical enterotoxin genes (Seb and Sed) were produced from three (42.86%) coagulase-positive S. aureus strains, as two Baladi hens’ ҆ eggshells produced Seb and one of the ducks ҆ egg contents produced Sed. The public health hazards of the isolated strains and enterotoxins had been discussed.

Brucellosis is a major constraint to livestock production that still enzootic in livestock in many developing countries including Egypt. This study was conducted with the general objective of establishing the bacteriological status of bovine brucellosis in 15 governorates in Egypt during 2020-2021 to determine the circulating Brucella species on bacteriological and molecular basis. Clinical samples collected included milk or udder secretions, vaginal discharges, fetal membranes and stomach contents of aborted fetuses from dairy cows with history of brucellosis. In addition, lymph nodes (retropharyngeal, prescapular, prefemoral, internal iliac and supramammary) from carcasses of serologically positive animals were obtained from different localities for isolation and identification of Brucella organisms. A total of 136 Brucella isolates were recovered from cattle in different governorates, Egypt. These include, 107 isolates of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 identified on bacteriological and molecular basis from Aswan, Beheira, Beni Suef, Dakahlia, Damietta, Fayoum, Gharbia, Giza, Ismailia, Kafr El-Sheikh, Luxor, Monufia, Port Said, Qalyubia and Sharqia governorates. On the other hand, 29 Brucella abortus biovar 1 isolates were recovered from cattle from Beni Suef, Dakahlia, Damietta, Kafr El-Sheikh, Monufia, Port Said and Sharqia governorates. Molecular identification using primer sequences targeting IS711 gene confirmed Brucella on genus level. Multiplex PCR has amplified four fragments of 450bp, 587 bp, 1071 bp, and1682 bp characteristic for B. melitensis biovar 3, and three fragments of 450bp, 587 bp, and 1682 bp for B. abortus biovar 1. The identification of Brucella spp. in different farm animals of 15 Egyptian governorates highlights the dynamics and role of cattle in dissemination of Brucella infection all over the country. The obtained results indicate that the actual Brucellosis status during the years 2020 and 2021 refers to that B. melitensis biovar 3 and B. abortus biovar 1 are the prevalent types circulating in different Egyptian governorates.

The appearance of the udder varies greatly depending on maturity and functionstatus as well as on individual and breed characteristic sometimes weighing as much as60 Kg in many dairy cows it is extremely large in particular the size, shape and positionof the teats do have a practical importance in determining the suitability of the udder tohand or machine milking , five udder of cattle were taken , aged between (2-5) yearsfrom a local slaughterhouse , the skin was removed , we examined and described theouter anatomy ,these sample were fixed in 10% formalin solution , and processed by theroutine histological technique then studies under light microscope .The udder consists of four separated glands suspended of medial and lateralcollagens lamina, the medial lamina is more elastic than lateral lamina, the medial laminaare more collagenous and originate from the sub pelvic tendon. The lateral lamina ismultiple, the teat is long and cylindrical in shape and the wall is thick.The anatomical study showed that the udder was divided into four identicalquarters with the four main nipples and the additional nipples sometimes associated withthe glandular tissue, the glandular tissue covered by connective tissue that extends insideand covers the whole gland and is described as the hanging system. It consists from themedial and the lateral ligaments, The aim of histological study of the udder in cattle tounderstand the comparative nomenclature and to know the surgical anatomy of thebovine teat , the layers of the wall ,the vascular patron , the distribution of smooth muscles , the annular fold , the vascular patron and the venous circle surrounding thebase of the teat to appreciate the protective function of the teat canal as well as thepattern of intra udder duct system were studies to obtain more details information aboutthe udder value in production of milk and healthy udder are essential to the secretion ofmilk that wholesome to drink and sufficient in quantity to be profitable to dairymen , Thesubstance of the udder consist of gland parenchyma and connective tissue intermingled inproportion that can sometimes be estimated by palpation through the skin, annular fold aconstriction between glandular and teat parts of the milk sinus, it consist of muscularfibers, connective tissue and circular venous channels (Furstenberg&rsquo;s rosette) fold of teatcanal mucosa that extends into the teat sinus .

This study is the first in southern Iraq, which shows the diagnosis ofParvovirus disease in young puppies, where the samples were collected fromsmall dogs, and this was done from April 2018 to April 2019 it was conductedon 50 dogs with different breeds ranging between (2-18) months aged of bothsexes. fecal samples were collected from infected dogs from veterinary clinics in(Basrah, Dhi Qar, Maysan and AL-Muthanna provinces) .After the autopsy ofthe dead carcass which died soon during the period (24-72) hours, bleeding inthe intestines and congestion was observed as well as the water content andadhesions, hypertrophy of the heart and necrosis in areas of pale color ofdifferent size focci are surrounded by hyperemic zone. The microscopical resultof enteric CPV lesion showed sever infiltration of inflammatory cells in themucosal layer of intestine ,hypertrophy of goblet cells in the villi andnecrotizing area in the tip of villi as well to hyperplasia of goblet cells alsoedematous fluid in mucosal layer. cardiac CPV lesion showed infiltration ofinflammatory cells in myocardial cell fibers ,also there was an area ofvacculation of some myocardial cells in addition to edematous fluid in themyocardial interstitiaum .significant increases of biochemical cardiacmarkers(cTi-1,AST,LDH and CPK) showed cardiac troponin I (cTnI), aspartatetransaminase AST, creatinine phosphatkinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenaseLDH which showed (0.024 &plusmn; 0.003),( 50.5&plusmn;4.49),( 327.9 &plusmn; 55.01) and (467.9 &plusmn;49.1) respectively when it is compared to healthy group which showed cardiactroponin I (cTnI), aspartate transaminase AST, creatinine phosphatkinase(CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase LDH were (0.004&plusmn; 0.0003),( 24.2&plusmn;1.74),(90&plusmn; 13.58) and (289 &plusmn;15.5), the Parvovirus contains 400 bp of matrimonialbases after being diagnosed using the polymerase chain reaction PCR and thistechnical method widely applied to provide rapid diagnosis The current studyconducts that the CPV-2 is endemic in south of Iraq ,the disease shows veryimportant clinical ,pathological and biochemical feature that lead to increasemorbidity and mortality rate.