Infection with small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) causes a variety of chronic inflammatory conditions that limit production. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is also a major production-limiting disease of sheep and goats, which causes severe inflammation of the small intestine. Previous studies have indicated that both SRLV and MAP are widespread in small ruminants in Ontario. This study estimated the prevalence of SRLV and MAP co-infection. Serum samples that were previously tested for MAP infection were re-tested for SRLV. The apparent prevalence of co-infection was low, with 3.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9 to 5.9] and 14.3% (95% CI: 11.6 to 17.5) of sheep and goats respectively, positive for both infections. However, co-infection is widespread with 36.8% (95% CI: 19.1 to 59.1) and 71.4% (95% CI: 52.8 to 84.9) of sheep and goat farms with 1 or more co-infected animals. A significant association was found between SRLV seropositivity and MAP fecal culture (P = 0.021), suggesting that co-infected goats may be more likely to shed MAP in their feces.

The primary objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) and Tritrichomonas foetus in breeding bulls from a sentinel cohort of cow-calf herds in western Canada and to estimate the association between positive test status and non-pregnancy. The final objective was to evaluate the application of these tests when: i) screening bulls in the absence of a recognized problem with reproductive performance, and ii) testing for diagnosis of poor pregnancy rates. The crude apparent bull prevalence for Cfv was 1.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5% to 2.1%; 8/735] and herd prevalence was 2.6% (95% CI: 0.3% to 9.0%; 2/78). The crude apparent bull prevalence for T. foetus was < 0.001% (95% CI: 0.0% to 0.5%; 0/735) and herd prevalence was < 0.001% (95% CI: 0.0% to 4.6%; 0/78). Cows from herds where at least 1 bull was test positive for Cfv were 2.35 times more likely (95% CI: 1.01% to 5.48%; P = 0.047) to not be pregnant than those with no positive bulls. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of preputial material collected into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was recommended for screening for T. foetus when the pre-test probability of infection was > 1%. The same test for Cfv was not recommended for screening moderate- and low-risk herds due to the high risk of false positives. Tests for both T. foetus and Cfv can be used to investigate herds with reproductive problems when also ruling out other risk factors. Regardless of the type of test used, however, 3 negative tests are required to rule out infection in high-risk situations.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of cold storage (CS) on immediate posttransplantation function of renal autografts in cats. ANIMALS 15 healthy 1-year-old cats. PROCEDURES Cats were assigned to 2 groups and underwent autotransplantation of the left kidney followed by nephrectomy of the right kidney. The left kidney was autotransplanted either immediately (IT group; n = 6) or after being flushed with a cold sucrose phosphate solution and stored on ice while the implant site was prepared (CS group; 9). Serum creatinine and BUN concentrations were monitored daily and autografts were ultrasonographically examined intermittently for 14 days after surgery. RESULTS Mean duration of CS was 24 minutes for the CS group. Posttransplantation serum creatinine and BUN concentrations for the CS group had lower peak values, returned to the respective reference ranges quicker, and were generally significantly lower than those for the IT group. Mean posttransplantation autograft size for the CS group was smaller than that for the IT group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that immediate posttransplantation function of renal autografts following a short period of CS was better than that of renal autografts that did not undergo CS, which suggested CS protected grafts from ischemic injury and may decrease perioperative complications, speed recovery, and improve the long-term outcome for cats with renal transplants. IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE Cats metabolize immunosuppressive drugs in a manner similar to humans; therefore, renal transplantation in cats may serve as a desirable model for investigating the effects of renal transplantation in human patients.

The present study was conducted to identify the prevalence of brucellosis among buffaloes in Basra governorate, via examination of serum samples from 250 she buffaloes reared in different Basra reigns. Sera were examined firstly by rose Bengal test (RBT) followed by indirect enzyme linked immunsorbent assay (Elisa). The result of RBT indicated that from 250 buffaloes serum samples there were 27(10.8%) positive against Brucella abortus antigen. Elisa test was performed on 88 sera samples that included a 27 RBT positive sera and other 61 negative sera, and the result revealed that 21( 23.8%) seropositive sera for Brucella abortus. According to the regions of Basra Governorate the percentage rate of brucellosis were indicated in: Al Hartha 6(5,28%) then Al Qurna 5(4,4%), Al Dear 4(3.5), Al Zubair 3(2.6%), Al Medaina 2(1.76%) and Al Tanooma 1(0.88%). More over, infection in older animals found more significant ( P < 0.05) than in youngness, beside that infection rate were high in pregnant buffaloes in compared with non pregnant animals. Conclusion: the brucellosis of buffaloes in Basra governorate were caused by B. abortus and were more prominent in pregnant animals, therefore animals screening of suspected animals was advised,

The study was conducted to determine the effect of the 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) drug is a medication used to treat cancer or the knowledge of 5-FU drug(anticancer) effect might help to attribute these side on physiological and biochemical parameters in human by injection into a vein it is used for colon cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer and cervical cancer. 80 blood samples were obtained adult human divided into two groups for each group (n = 40), the first group (control) and the second group treatment with drug 5-fluorouracil. There are a significant decrease (P

The role of gallic acid was studied to alleviating some biochemical parameters alterations in hyper cholesterolemia in rats. For this purpose 24 sexually adult male rats were divided randomly in to 4 groups (6 rats each). The experiment was conducted at the animal house of the Veterinary Medicine College–University of Basrah, the control group, rats were injected intraperitoneally ( I.P.) with 0.9 % normal saline (N.S)and were supply with the stander ration. The first treated group were injected intraperitoneally ( I.P.) with 100 mg/ kg gallic acid dissolve in 0.5 ml distilled water daily and were supply with the stander ration. The second treated group were supplied with the stander ration in addition to 1.5% cholesterol of the stander ration . The third treated group were supplied with standard ration in addition to 1.5% cholesterol, and injected intraperitoneally ( I.P.) after one hour with 100 mg/kg gallic acid dissolved in 0.5 ml distilled water The obtained results indicated that the administration gallic acid as protective agent on high cholesterol diet tend to alleviated and improved lipid profile by a significant reduction in the serum total cholesterol (TC),LDL-C and VLDL compared with animals fed cholesterol 1,5% diet, hepatic enzymes activates of AST &ALT in the protective group almost were at the range of normal values and the protective urea blood value reach almost as the normal level as control group.

The study was conducted to investigate the success of inducted estrus and to track the hormonal levels during the estrus cycle, pregnancy and post-parturition in dogs. Ten females, aged 2-3 years and weighted 18-22 kg, were kept in cages at the College of Veterinary Medicine-University of Baghdad. Dogs were mated and tracked till they become conceive. Then, after one month of parturition, they treated with Bromocriptine (Parlodel) a dose of (0.05mg/kg/dog) twice daily to induce estrus. Eight dogs showed estrus and mated again with the same mature dogs. Blood serum was taken once a week from cephalic vein. Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Estrogen and Prolactin were measured by using canine Gamma counter kits. In both, normal and induced estrus periods, FSH and LH hormone levels started to elevate in proestrus and estrus phases then they declined in pregnancy months and post-parturition. Estrogen and prolactin hormones had significant differences during the second month in the other non-responsive dogs. Estrogen levels indicated that the proestrus, estrus and treatment period showed higher significant differences (P

Hemomycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma ovis was diagnosed in sheep of Basrah Governorate .The study were conducted on (225) sheep reared in different areas of Basrah governorate . Animals are of different ages and of both sexes. Twenty five clinically healthy sheep were considered as controls .Complete clinical examinations were applied to all animals, and fecal samples screened for parasitic loud. Results revealed that infected sheep show signs of anorexia , anemia with pale or icteric mucous membranes of eyes and vagina , rapid and difficult respiration , enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, rough wool coat and hemoglobinuria, Moreover milk production were decreased in lactating ewes . On clinical examinations statistically significant increase were indicated in body temperature ,respiratory and heart rate of diseased sheep then in controls. Diagnosis of Mycoplasma ovis were leant on examination of stained blood smears with Giemsa ,Since the organism appear as small coccoid or rod shape structures and it could be found as an singular or in chains on the cell membranes of infected erythrocytes of diseased animals , Furthermore the diagnosis were confirmed by indirect Elisa test . Results of hematological examinations show significant decrease in the values of total erythrocytes count ,hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume indicating macrocytic normochromic type of anemia, However , the rate of sedimentation of red blood cells indicated significant increase in diseased sheep, Moreover , Leucocytosis due to significant increase in lymphocytes number were also registered in infected sheep then in controls , In addition evaluation of acute phase response show significant decrease in haptoglobin values and fibrinogen time in diseased sheep compared with controls . Significant decrease in total protein were detected, However285 values of total and indirect bilirubin, GGT, AST, ALP, and BUN were significantly increased in diseased sheep compared with controls. It had been concluded that Hemomycoplasmosis ovis were infected sheep of Basrah governorate lead to hemolytic anemia and substantial effect might terminated with highly mortalities , Therefore all suspected sheep in the chancy area must screened for microorganism loud

This study aimed to defect and calculate infection rate of Oestrus ovis. in sheep from Ninevah governorate, Iraq.The study examines the presence of oestrus ovis. Larvae in heads sheep collected from march to may 2014. Of 133 heads 72 (54.1%) were infested with oestrus ovis. A total of 142 larvae were encountered in the infested sheep. Thirty five (24.6%) of those larvae were identified as L1, 62 (43.7%) were identified as L2 and 45 (31.7%) were identified as L3, the general mean of intensity of larvae was( 2) larvae/ infested head..The older animals were mostly affected as compared to younger animals. there was no significant difference between the number of infected male and female. sheep with black colored head higher infestation than that of sheep with light colored head

Retinitis is the most important clinical consequences of Toxoplasmosis but the mechanisms used by T. gondii tachyzoites to invade the retina are not yet understood. In the current study, cellular pathogenicity of Toxoplasmosis in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) was investigated. Following in vitro infection of ARPE-19 with T. gondii tachyzoites, cell viability associated with infection was identified by Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Intracellular development of T. gondii tachyzoites within ARPE-19 was characterized by acridine orange (AO) staining. Morphological changes associated with infection was assessed by electron microscopy (EM). The results obtained showed that ARPE-19 permit the invasion, growth and development of T. gondii tachyzoites and that infection can cause a metabolic burden on the host cells and multiple morphological changes in the relocation of the host cell organelles (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus) around the parasitphorous vacuole