This study investigated the impact of sodium hyaluronate and platelet-rich fibrin on the healing process of symphyseal fractures in cats. To conduct this study, 30 adult male cats were utilized and divided into three groups (10 cats each). The groups consisted of a control group (no treatment), a sodium hyaluronate group (treated with sodium hyaluronate gel at the fracture site), and a sodium hyaluronate combined with platelet-rich fibrin group (treated with a mixture of sodium hyaluronate gel and platelet-rich fibrin at the fracture site). The symphysis fractures were induced via a surgical scalpel, and the fractures were then fixed using a cerclage wire. The cats were observed clinically on the first, second, third, and seventh days following the surgery, and Histopathological assessments were conducted 42 days after the surgery. The study showed improvement in the disappearance of swelling in the fracture area among the treated groups. Interestingly, cats were observed to regain the use of their jaws just three days post-surgery, which was not seen in the control group. Histological findings indicate complete fracture healing in the Sodium Hyaluronate-Platelet Rich Fibrin (SH&PRF) group, with active bone remodeling, cartilaginous callus formation, and peripheral fibrous reaction without inflammation. The SH&PRF group showed more active chondrocytes and endochondral ossification than the SH and control groups, suggesting better bone repair results. The study suggests that Sodium Hyaluronate and platelet-rich fibrin composite effectively promote and accelerate wound healing.

This study was conducted at the slaughterhouse of Basra Governorate in southern Iraq, where 44 uteri were collected from local cows (5-6 years of age) from March 2023 to April 2023. The results showed 11(25%) cases of adenomyosis from total (44) cases of affected cows' reproductive systems. In macroscopic examination, the uteri appeared slightly swollen. At the same time, a microscopic examination revealed the presence of glands in the uterine muscle layer. The endometrial layer was partially observed in the myometrium under the microscope. Natural, benign endometrial islands composed of glands and stroma were found deep within the muscle layer. In addition, muscular hypertrophy occurs alongside it. Myometrial, and many blood vessels and muscle hypertrophy have emerged in the tumour's latter stages, causing a change in the structure of the endometrial glands.

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic bacterium of humans and other mammals that is becoming more clinically and veterinary important due to its fast development of antibiotic resistance. Some of these S. aureus varieties are methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which is common in healthcare organizations, community settings, and livestock farms across the world. Beyond humans, MRSA has the potential to live in other animal species, which could result in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial agent resistance in various animal species. Vancomycin is a type of antibiotic classified as a final resort option, employed to address severe infections instigated by Gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin remains among the primary choices for the initial treatment of MRSA infections. During the past few years, there has been an emergence of Staphylococcus aureus strains exhibiting strong resistance to vancomycin. The vanA gene cluster, obtained from vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, eases the transfer of vancomycin resistance in S. aureus. In terms of likely transfer routes, underlying mechanisms, and consequences of methicillin and vancomycin resistance from animals to humans and vice versa, this review aims to highlight the Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)and vancomycin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) issues.

no abstract available

This study investigates the effects of Aspergillus meal prebiotic on a spectrum of parameters, including productive performance, bone mineralization, and intestinal integrity, in broiler chickens. Day-of-hatch Cobb 500 by-product male chicks (320 total) were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (G1 and G2) in floor pens (150×300 cm), each pen containing separate feeders and watering systems (8 replicates per treatment, 20 birds/pen). Chickens kept in G1 (control) were fed a basal diet, while those of G2 (treated) were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.2% PRI-A-FERM. Performance parameters, including body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were evaluated weekly from the 7th day to the end of the trial at 42 d. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) was administered via oral gavage to 3 chickens/replicate (n = 24), and blood was collected on 21d and on 42d to determine serum concentration of FITC-d as a biomarker to evaluate intestinal permeability and peptide YY as an indirect biomarker to evaluate short chain fatty acids. Chickens that received the \\textit{Aspergillus} meal prebiotic showed a significant increase in BW, BWG, and FI on days 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 (P

The present study assessed the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic CLOSTAT, alone or in combination with Aviboost® supplement, on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, and immune response in broiler chickens. A total of 600 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into three groups: G1 (non-treated negative control group), G2 (probiotic CLOSTAT®- and Aviboost®-treated group), and G3 (probiotic CLOSTAT®-treated group). Feed intake and mean body weight were measured weekly for all groups. Sera were collected for cytokine analysis, and duodenal samples were also collected for histomorphological examination. The results revealed that the mean body weight gain was significantly increased to 2.25 and 2.2 kg/bird in G2 and G3, respectively, compared to 1.95 kg/bird in G1. Similarly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved to 1.56 and 1.59 in G2 and G3, respectively, compared to 1.8 in G1. Serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-6 protein concentrations were significantly increased in G2 and G3 compared to G1. Furthermore, the absorptive cells of the villi revealed structural changes, including hyperplasia and increased goblet cell population and microvilli height, in G2 and G3 compared to G1. The lamina propria of duodenal villi in G2 and G3 showed increased cellularity at 22 days of age. In conclusion, concurrent supplementation of CLOSTAT® and Aviboost® to broiler chickens slightly improved the body weight gain and FCR but did not exhibit synergistic or additive effects on intestinal morphology and systemic immune response

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a severe infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) and infects goats, sheep, and wild ruminants. CCPP is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates reaching up to (100% and 80%), respectively. The disease affects goat farming around the globe in more than 30 countries, particularly in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. CCPP is manifested in peracute, acute, or chronic forms. The general characteristic clinical signs of the disease are rapid, painful, and labored respiration, dyspnea, nasal discharge, coughing, hyperthermia (41°C), anorexia, emaciation, and abnormal posture. Lesions induced by CCPP are restricted to the pleural cavity in the form of unilateral serofibrinous, pleuropneumonia, accumulation of fluid in the chest cavity, lung congestion, hepatization, formation of adhesion to the pleural coastal, and swollen mediastinal and bronchial lymph nodes. Disease diagnosis encompasses a range of methods, including bacterial culture, isolation, and identification, pathological, serological, and molecular tests. The present review provides an overview of the historical perspective, epidemiological factors, and recommended diagnostic and control strategies for CCPP in Oman.

Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in both humans and dogs, currently characterized as a low-intensity inflammatory state. The anthocyanins found in red oranges can assist in combating weight gain and reducing body fat accumulation by reducing lipogenesis and modulating inflammation. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of standardized dried red orange extract in reducing overweight in obese dogs compared to chromium picolinate and a placebo. In total, 23 animals were used in the current study and divided randomly into three experimental groups. All dogs received the same hypocaloric diet and supplementation: standardized Citrus sinensis red-orange extract (G1, n=9), chromium picolinate (G2, n=7), and a placebo-control group (G3, n=7). The dogs were managed by their owners for 90 days. In the distribution of the body condition score (BCS) determined at the beginning of the study, 47.8% of the animals had BCS of 6; 26.1% had BCS of 7; 8.7% had BCS of 8, and 17.4% had BCS of 9. During the program, most of the owners reported being unable to involve other residents of their households in the dogs\' treatment. At the end of the experiment, the G1 group had a significant reduction in weight and BCS (p

Salmonellosis is a zoonotic infection of humans and animals. In recent years, an increase in the number of resistant strains of Salmonella from animals and animal products have been recorded. We conducted microbiological testing and antibiotic resistance profile of 34 Salmonella strains isolated from foods of animal origin between 2018 to 2021 in Ukraine. Twenty isolates were successfully assigned to six different serovars [S. Enteritidis (n=13, S. Infantis (n=2), S. Schwarzengrund (n=1), S. Livingstone (n=2), S. Vuadens (n=1) and S. Hadar (n=1)], and 14 isolates remained untyped. Most of the isolated strains were recovered from poultry products. The strains were tested for six antibacterial groups: quinolones, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, cephalosporins, phenols, and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors by disc diffusion method. The highest level of resistance was recorded to 4th generation cephalosporins, e.g., cefepime (88.2%). The lowest level of resistance was to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (5.9%). No resistance was found to imipenem and aminoglycoside antibiotics, particularly gentamicin and amikacin. The study results are of concern because antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their genes can cause human infections by penetration and transmission at any stage of the food production cycle. Further research is required to monitor the contamination of food products of animal origin with salmonellosis pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant strains

Detection of milk adulteration is important to maintaining the quality of milk and milk products regarding pricing and consumer protection. Thus, in the current study, we investigated the adulteration of goat milk sold in the market and labeled it as "100% Goat Milk" with cows and sheep milk by real-Time PCR reaction (RT-PCR). This study is the first investigation on goat milk in Turkey and has particular importance as it was carried out using TaqMan probe RT-PCR. In total, 60 milk samples sold in the market and labeled as "100% Goat Milk" were collected from 12 different provinces of Turkey. The RT-PCR TaqMan probe detected the adulteration of goat milk with cow and sheep milk. In the study, 18 (30%) samples were found to be compatible with the label. It was determined that 42 (70%) samples did not comply with the "100% Goat Milk" statement on the label. It was determined that 6 (10%) of the samples contained only sheep milk, 18 (30%) contained only cow milk, another 6 (10%) contained goat and cow milk, 12 (20%) contained sheep and cow milk, and 36 (60%) did not contain any goat milk. The results of this study revealed high levels of adulteration in goat milk products. Therefore, careful continuous monitoring of these products' production and sales is necessary regarding deception of consumers and public health.