In poultry, feeding diets including high concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides limits growth rate and feed conversion ratio, and causes problems in health and welfare because of the production of wet droppings. This problem is becoming more important as pressure builds to reduce costs by using alternative sources of dietary protein, such as lupin grain, rather than fish- or soybean-meal. We therefore tested whether enzymes that break down non-starch polysaccharides can overcome the problems with a lupin-based diet fed to Japanese quail. Chicks (18 days old) were allocated among 8 treatments, each replicated 3 times, with 12 chicks per replicate (ie, 36 birds per treatment). Chicks were fed diets formulated to contain 24% crude protein and 12 MJ/kg apparent metabolisable energy (AME). The diets included 10% or 20% lupin meal and, for each level of lupin, they were formulated in one of four ways: 1) no enzyme; 2) pectinase (1.4 U/g polygalacturonase and 0.2 U/g pectinesterase); 3) xylanase (1,4 endo-xylanase; 0.38 U/g); 4) combination of the above pectinase and xylanase treatments. The results indicated that, from age 28 days of age, both lupin content and enzyme treatment significantly (P 0.05) affected chick performance. Compared with the no-enzyme control, enzyme treatments improved growth at 35 days by 45-50% (P 0.05) and feed conversion ratio by 20-30% (P 0.05) for both levels of lupin content. In addition, dry matter digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy were significantly improved by the combined enzyme treatment for both levels of lupin inclusion. We conclude that pectinase and xylanase can overcome the negative effects of the non-starch polysaccharides in lupin meal, improving the growth of quail chicks fed lupin-based diets, and that the enzymes work best when combined.

Rabies cases are widespread worldwide and mostly prevalence in develeloping countries. Several Province in Indonesia are still categorized as endemic rabies, including the Province of North Sumatera. This research was aimed to evaluate the role of external factors that could influence in reduction the rabies suspected cases in the population of the City of Medan. The survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. A Case-Control Design was used in this study. The two groups were rabies suspected case and rabies unsuspected case (control), consisted both male and female respondents. All the population involved in this study were living in the City of Medan. Primary and secondary data were collected using purposive sampling approach. Data were analysed by univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis. The result was obtained the ratio of 1:2 between rabies suspected case (64 cases) and rabies unsuspected case (128 cases) in the City of Medan. The bivariate analysis showed the significant influence of the role of livestock department officer, role of health worker, role of community leader and vaccination tools on the rabies suspected case (P0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the dominant variable which affect the rabis suspected case was rabies vaccine tools.

Infection that occurs in Indonesia has increased more significantly than before, compared to the increasing bacterial multidrug resistance (MDR) as the cause of infection. A study conducted in 5 hospitals in Indonesia in 2013 showed that the prevalence rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria reached 32-68%. The objective of this study is to detect the prevalence and resistence pattern of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh. This study was conducted from 1 September 2016 to 31 December 2016. Specimen types included in this study were blood, sputum, urine, pus, mucosal swab, and another body fluids sample. The sampling method in this study was total sampling that is all clinical specimen examined in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Isolation and identification ESBL-producing bacteria was performed by VITEK-2 machine (Biomerieux). The result of this study is that a total 122 E. coli and K. pneumoniae were isolated. That consisted of 48 (39%) E. coli isolates and 74 (61%) K. pneumoniae isolates. From 48 E. coli isolates it was found out that 41 (85%) had ESBL phenotypes and from 74 K. pneumoniae isolates it was found out that 59 (80%) had ESBL phenotypes. In total, 100 (82%) isolates from 122 isolates had ESBL phenotypes. Distribution of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae based on sample was 24 (89%) isolates from the total of 27 urine isolates, 18 (95%) isolates from the total of 19 blood isolates, 28 (78%) isolates from the total of 36 sputum isolates, and 30 (75%) isolates from the total of 40 pus isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates had high sensitivity to amycasin dan meropenem which was above 89%. Meanwhile, it also had sensitivity to Fosfomycin and Piperacyclin-Tazobactam by 80% and 77% respectively. Another antibiotic was less effective

This study aimed to study the effect of antibiotic on phospholipase production of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from preputium of Aceh cattle. The parameters measured in this study were PzI of Staphylococcus aureus without any treatment, and PzI of S. aureus after being given antibiotics. The experiment was carried out by modifying the Samaranayake method on egg yolk agar media, incubated at 37 ° C for 48 hours, and the precipitation lines formed was measured. The antibiotics used were tetracycline, oxytetracycline and fosfomycin with concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30% (mg / mL, respectively). The results showed that phospholipase production of S. aureus isolated from preputium of Aceh cattle was suppressed, antibiotics were able to inhibit phospholipase production. However, the enzyme was still produced in positive category, with PzI = 0.287, the highest result was found in 30% tetracycline activity, which is equal to PzI = 0.341 and the lowest was in 10% fosfomycin which is equal to PzI = 0.332

The 21st Supply Deposit of the Brazilian Army (21st DSup), located in the city of São Paulo provides food raw materials for 16000 meals daily, and frozen fish is among the foodstuffs distributed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the good practices of seafood storage in the 21st DSup, identify issues of non-compliance that compromise food quality, and propose solutions. The system was evaluated, applying a checklist (RDC 275/2002) to evaluate the percentage of requirements in compliance with good practices. The 21st DSup was classified in Group 3, with 41% of items in conformance (< 50%), and we found that there is no hygienic-sanitary self-control program for storing cold seafood and other food supplies. The cold stores’ temperatures are not able to maintain products within the required standards of conservation. The seafood cold storage protocol of the 21st DSup does not guarantee temperature conformity. It is necessary to implement a hygienic-sanitary self-control program for food supply storage, which should begin with the development of a food safety culture.

Trichoblastoma is characterized as a benign cutaneous neoplasm that originates in the trichoblastic epithelium of the hair bulb. The present report describes the case of a 4-year-old cross breed neutered male cat that had a history of a slow, freely movable, ulcerated, slow growing, solitary cutaneous nodule located on the left scapular region. Histopathological evaluation showed neoplastic cells arranged in cohesive nests or palisades with eosinophilic and scant cytoplasm. Based on the microscopic findings, a diagnosis of trabecular trichoblastoma was made. The treatment of choice consisted of total surgical excision of the mass with safe surgical margins. Tumor recurrence was not observed.

Previous studies have reported on the phytotherapeutic potential of propolis from southern Brazil (Urupema, Santa Catarina State), in particular, its efficacy in the treatment of bovine mastitis. The present study evaluates the effect of seasonal variation on the chemical composition of propolis from southern Brazil and its resultant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities in the context of treating bovine mastitis. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was assessed, along with the cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cells. With the exception of spring propolis, the flavonoid quercetin was the main compound present in all samples. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of propolis against S. aureus from mastitic milk was 140 μg/mL for samples collected during the spring, autumn, and winter seasons, but 280 μg/mL for samples collected in summer. For MAC-T cells, the spring propolis extract was more toxic with an IC50 of 120 μg/mL. However, for 120 μg/mL of spring propolis extract, only 0.77% of necrotic and 37% of apoptotic MAC-T cells were found, respectively. Nonetheless, the induction of cell death through apoptosis by propolis extract suggests less severe damage to bovine mammary glands. Moreover, only negligible seasonal variation was found in the chemical composition of propolis from southern Brazil, and no biological activities were determined to be harmful. Therefore, this propolis shows promise as an alternative to commercial antimicrobials in the control of bovine mastitis, offering support for organic milk production.

This study reports the factors which led a gated community located in Bragança Paulista (SP, Brazil), a non-endemic area for Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF), to be classified as a Risk Area for transmission of this disease, showing that an increasing resident population of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in the area was likely responsible for a proliferation of Amblyomma sculptum ticks and acted as an amplifying host for Rickettsia rickettsii, the main etiologic agent of BSF. We report management actions proposed to control the local tick burden and reduce BSF risk, including measures to control parasitic and free-living tick populations and exclusion of the resident capybara population. Analyses of tick population data and R. rickettsii serology tests indicate that these measures were effective, greatly reducing the environmental burden of Amblyomma sculptum ticks and reducing the BSF transmission risk at the area.

The present study evaluated Brangus cows treated with single doses of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) subjected to follicular aspiration after 24 h to assess oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization and pregnancy rate. Follicles exceeding 3 millimeters in diameter were aspirated, 200 mg of FSH was administered 2 days later, and a new ovum pickup was performed 24 h afterward. These methods were performed 3 times every 3 days. In control, follicular aspirations occurred at intervals of 1-week without FSH administration o. The aspirated oocytes were evaluated, submitted to in vitro fertilization and the embryos were transferred to the recipients. The average recovery of oocytes was higher (p<0.05) in control cows (12.4±1.8) than in treated cows (9.4±1.3). There was no difference (p>0.05) in the mean percentage of viable oocytes (52.0±3.9 and 62.7±4.7%) or the mean percentage of embryos (41.4±4.8 and 41.5±4.2%) among control and treated cows, respectively. The mean percentage of pregnancy did not differ (p>0.05) for control cows (43.8±2.7%), and treated cows (40.9±6.8%). In conclusion, FSH treatment did not improve oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization, and pregnancy percentage. However, there is possibility of several consecutive ovum pickup every t3 days, concentrating the in vitro fertilization and the pregnancy percentage.

The increasing number of obese dogs in veterinary practice has been a warning to veterinarians about the need to develop new tools to approach the obese patient, aiming to attain satisfactory results in weight loss programs. A total of 18 obese or overweight dogs with no evidence of endocrine disorders were selected for this study. These animals were randomly divided into two groups with 9 animals each. In one of the groups, strategic tools were used by their tutors, aimed at behavioral and environmental modification, and this group was assisted daily through communication using a digital instant messaging app (WhatsApp(R)). In the other group, these tools were not used, and the animals were followed only during the monthly consultation. The analyzed variable was the percentage of weight loss of each animal in one month of the method used. The animals of the daily assisted group had a mean weight loss of 5.17%, while the animals of the non-assisted group had a mean weight loss of 3.31%. Considering the results, one can state that the animals in the assisted group lost approximately 1.6 times more weight than the unassisted animals, when comparing the mean and the median weight loss percentage in the two groups. Although the results are encouraging, there was no statistical difference with a significance level of 0.05, and this is probably due to the small sample size, consisting of 18 animals.