The current research included examination of 100 fecal sample from bovine wascollected from AL-Qadisiyah province, from September 2018 until February 2019.TheMicroscopically result showed that oval or spherical shaped with dark pink color or redoocyst on blue ground and 30(30%) positive sample out 100 case . It was recorded thatthe maximum rate 41.66% (5/12) was seen in November, but the lowest rate 18.75%(3/16) was seen in the month of February with no significant differences at level(p<0.05.) According to age the maximum rate of incidence 40%(14/35)was found inthe age group lower than a month, but the lowest incidence was seen in the group( >1years). There is no significant differences at p<0.05.between male and female. In thecurrently study the N-PCR in molecular investigation were used ,the positive samplewas18 (60%) out of 30 fecal sample. Sequencing of a fragment of the(18s rRNA) gene(834 bp) that separated from many distinct area in AL- Qadisiyah governmentrecorded (50%)6/12 sample related to NCBI – Blast Cryptosporidium parvum ,( 33.33%)4/12 sample display deep related to NCBI –Blast Cryptosporidium bovis (this firststudy reported C. bovis in Iraq ) , (16.66%) 2/12 sample showed closed related to NCBI–Blast Cryptosporidiumandersoni.

The fish consider a good bio-montiring for aquatic environment pollution , so the goal of this study was to assess e the heavy metals Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn) concentrations in the gills, liver and muscles of Kattan (Luciobarbus xanthopterus) and Xashni (Planiliza abu)and to assess potential human health risks. Fish were collected from Tigris, Al Uzym rivers and Tharthar Lake. Atomic Absorption has been used for esstemation the heavy metals in the gills, liver and musclesand determined the human health risk(Estimated Daily Intake, Hazard Quotient, and Maximum Allowable Fish Consumption of these metals). The occurrence of metal generally ranked in the orde Cu> Zn> Cd> Pb. The ranked order  concentration in tissue for Cu and Cd was liver> gill >Muscle, for Pb was gill > liver >Muscle, while Zn, was Muscle > liver > gill, According to the locations, the ranked order for Cd and Pb was Tharthar> Al Uzym>Tigris, Zn was Tigris >Al Uzym>Tharthar. In the fish species,  the ranked order  concentration for Cu and Pb was Kattan > Xashni, while the concenrtaion of  Cd and Zn showed no significant differences between the two species also the result suggested that fish  meat  has no health risks. This study conclusion that heavy metals bioaccumulation concentrated  in variable ranked order according to the fish spp., types of tissue and  location habitate also no significant impacts effects on people health.

The purpose of this research was to assess some histological parameters and activity between the left and right testis of ten adult local bulls that were collected from the Duhok slaughterhouse /Iraq. The left and right testis specimens were routinely processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The tunica albuginea is a thick sheet of dense, fibrous connective tissue that covers testicular tissue. The mean thickness of the tunics of an adult local bull differed significantly (p≤0.05) between the left and right testis. Thin septa that extended from the tunica albuginea to the mediastinum testis separated the parenchyma into lobules. Tortuous seminiferous tubules were found in each lobule. The mean diameter of the rounded seminiferous tubule of the left testicle was substantially (P<0.05) larger than that the right testicle. Tubular differential index (TDI) and spermatogenesis index (SPI) were found substantially (P<0.05) higher in the left testicle than the right. Sertoli cells are roughly pyramidal in shape, with an oval nucleus. The spermatogonia were circular or cuboidal in shape and possessed a round, dark nuclei. The large spherical nuclei and granular chromatin aggregates were found in primary spermatocytes. The spherical spermatids were small and elongated spermatids were developed. Some seminiferous tubules contain both spermatids and spermatozoa. Either narrow strands of interstitial tissue among two seminiferous tubules or massive triangular and quadrangular interstitial spaces separate up to three tubules. It contains only blood capillaries, a few Leydig cells, and some fibroblast cells, or extensive vessels (blood and lymph), as well as many Leydig cells. Within inter tubular spaces, Leydig cells were found as singular or in clusters. It was concluded that the thickness of the tunica albuginea, the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, the tubular differential index, and the spermatogenesis index were higher in the left testis of local adult bulls than the right testis.

The current study aimed at the isolation and identification of some fungal types that infected the lungs and rumens of small ruminants (non-healthy animals). To achieve this goal, 100 samples from sheep, and goat lungs and rumen tissues (50 for each), were collected from the Basrah slaughterhouse. Fungi were isolated from the samples and diagnosed based on the morphology of colonies cultured on Sabraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) media, then detected microscopically after staining with methylene cotton blue and Indian ink stain. PCR and DNA sequencing of the18S rRNA ribosomal gene confirmed the important and common fungal isolates. The current study showed the presence of fungal isolates in lung samples of sheep including, Cryptococcus spp.(29.43%) represented the highest percentage. While the lowest percentage was Coccidioides spp. accounted for (4.878%). However, those isolated from the rumen of sheep in high percent was Cryptococcus spp. (48.571%), and finally, the lungs contained Coccidioides spp. (4.878%). The result of fungal isolates from the lungs of the goats in high numbers was Aspergillus spp. (42.5%), the fungal isolate that appears in low numbers, Candida spp. (7.5%).

The goal of the present study was to isolate and identify (CRISPR-Cas) elements in S. epidermidis (MRSE) from 300 samples collected from various sources. Culture techniques, biochemical tests and VITEK2 system were used for confirming of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolation.  The partial sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene was evaluated and compared with those in the Gene Bank to find differences in the sequence using the BLAST tool (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).  On the other hand, the CRISPR-Cas system was examined in all isolates of multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis in which the SECR1 and SECR2 elements were not found. The cas6 element was found in all of the tested bacterial strains. Susceptibility tests were done using the disc diffusion method after identification. Antibiotic resistance testing on S. epidermidis isolates revealed the highest percentage of multi-resistance to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, cefalexin, vancomycin, nalidixic acid at 100%. Moreover, S. epidermidis isolates showed intermediate effect against amoxillin-clavulanic acid, tobramycin, neomycin, oxacillin, tetracycline and methicillin. However, S. epidermidis isolates were found to be the most sensitive to erythromycin, norfloxacin and rifampicin. The CRISPR-Cas system can be found in S. epidermidis isolates from a variety of local sources and that the appearance of the CRISPR system in S. epidermidis isolates plays a unique role in antibiotic suitability.

Plastination is an anatomical preservation process Samples by precise technique of compulsory impregnation by processable polymer such as silicone, epoxy or polyester Resins that have wide usages in the medical field. The tissue reservation technology was developed by Dr. Gunther von Hagens in 1978. By this method we can store and preserve the body and wipes it for the aim of learning. Current there are new and various kinds of plastination used the learning and in museums. This review aims to explain the main steps of soft plastination used either techniques or methods and their implementation for the medical and veterinary educations.

In order to increase egg and chicken meat production, poultry growth is critical. The purpose of this study is to see how well broiler chickens perform when provided different additives in their meals (trace minerals and vitamins). Nutraceuticals, in addition to providing nutritional requirements for birds, offer advantageous pharmacological effects, such as assisting in the establishment of normal state of physiological health, preventing various diseases, and thus improving production performance. The vitamins, polypeptides and amino acids, minerals, enzymes, and other nutraceuticals are examples. Vitamins are dietary substances that are required for vital cell functions such as cell development, growth, and metabolism process. Mineral nutrition is critical in broiler chicken production, with an emphasis on manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and copper (Cu). Due to the availability of organic trace elements and today''s fast-growing birds, broiler chickens'' Mn, Zn, Se, and Cu requirements must be revised.

In order to estimate the hepato-protective activity of Vit.B12 in diazinon hepatotoxic effect, the current study was performed on twenty-four male adult Wistar rats. They’d divided into four equal groups for 30 days: group A (control group) served as control; group B (Dzn group) administered an oral daily dose of 1/10 LD50 (3.8mg/ kg.bw) from diazinon; group C (Dzn + Vit.B12 group) administered an oral daily dose of 1/10 LD50 (3.8 mg / kg bw) from diazinon, in addition to the systemic intramuscular doses of (4 mg/kg) from Vit.B12 in daily basis; group D (Vit.B12 group) administered daily systemic intramuscular doses of (4 mg/kg) Vit.B12 only. The results showed that group C had a significant improvement in the antioxidant indicators compared with group B in which the CAT, GSH, and SOD serum activities showed significant increasing (P≤0.05) in group C, in addition, it revealed a significant decreasing (P≤0.05) in the values of MDA and peroxynitrite comparing to the same levels of the group B. The histological results of the liver of group C showed a great improvement compared with group B which showed normal hepatic architecture consisting of normal hepatocytes, and normal sinusoids with normal other hepatic components except mild central vein dilation. The current study concludes that vitamin B12 helps to ameliorate the diazinon hepatotoxic effects as a model for a wide spread of organophosphorus compounds in agriculture and veterinary sectors by ameliorating its harmful oxidation on the liver since vitamin B12 is cheap and available as a commercial supplement therefore we recommend its uses

External egg traits like egg length, breadth, shape index, volume and surface area play important roles for egg hatching, embryo growth, and chick survival. 313 fertilized eggs were collected from three genetic lines of Japanese quail named (white, brown, and gray) in four collected ages (57, 64, 71, and 78) days. After collecting the traits were measured by using electronic balance (0.001gm.) sensitivity, and caliper vernier (0.01 mm.). The data show significant differences between some traits and some of them differ with the age of birds and the interaction between the genetic lines and age of collecting eggs. Our results conclude there were significant differences between the three genetic lines on egg external traits and between the collecting age and their infarctions. May its helpful for future studies to establish lines special for egg production, or to make studies on molecular levels.

This study was done in three stations the Darbandikhan dam with GPS Coordination of this station 35°7’16’’N (Latitude) 45°43’18’’ E (Longitude), Sirwan River located in 35°7’17’’N; 45°50’54’’ E and Tanjaro River Side with GPS Coordination of Tanjaro River Site sample location details 35°14’22’’N; 45°51’58’’ E to study the heavy metals contamination in water and selected organs of carp lived in these three locations and for six months. The studied heavy metals include Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co and Cr analyzed by ICP-OES (Spectro acros). The bioaccumulation levels of heavy metals by passing time in the liver of the fishes is significant P≤0.05 for all the studied heavy metals. Hg was higher significantly P≤0.05 in November 2021 and January 2022. Cd in October 2021. Pb in October 2021. Cu in September 2021. Co in September 2021. The Hg concentrations in common carp liver were higher significantly P≤0.05 in Sirwan station, the Co and Cu were higher significantly P≤0.05 in Darbandikhan dam fish, the Pb and Cd were higher in Sirwan and Tanjaro fish liver. In most months the bioaccumulation of Hg in fish gills is below the detectable level except for November 2021 which was higher and January 2022 which was lower significantly. Cd was significantly P≤0.05 higher in August 2021, the Pb in each of September and October 2021. The Cu was higher in November 2021, and the Co in October 2021. Pb was higher significantly P≤0.05 in each Sirwan and Tanjaro. Cu increased significantly P≤0.05 in Sirwan and Darbandikhan dams. Due to the annual mortality of fish in Darbandikhan, Sirwan and Tanjaro river the present research done in order to detect the main reasons of water pollution with some heavy metals and its relation to fish mortality and detect the levels of some heavy metals in some fish organs.