A total of 120 fish samples were collected from different water sources in El Fayoum Governorate, (Bahr El Banat agricultural drainage, different fish farms and Al Rayaan Lake). and represented by Clarias gariepinus from Bahr El Banat agricultural drainage, different fish farms (15 each), Mugil cephalus from different fish farms and Al Rayaan Lake (15 each), Solea solea (30 samples) and Oreochromis niloticus from Bahr El Banat agricultural drainage, different fish farms and Al Rayaan Lake (10 each). Fourteen organochlorine compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography. Fish samples from Bahr El Banat revealed the highest mean levels of p,p'-DDD, endrin, endosulfan, γ-chlordane, heptachlor and γ-HCH, while fish samples from Al Rayaan Lake have shown the highest mean level of methoxychlor, p,p'-DDT, p,p'- DDE, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, δ-HCH and α-HCH. Most of the examined fish samples from different species, are within the maximum residue limits and should not pose a health risk to consumers. The public health hazards were discussed as well as recommendations were done.

The present work designed to describe the histological and histochemical features of parotid gland in buffaloes and cows.The glands were collected from ten heads of buffaloes and cows used. The histological and histochemical study revealed that the parotid gland in buffaloes and cows are compound tubuloacinar-type, having dense connective tissue capsule, the parenchyma consists of acini, intercalated, striated and excretory duct, acini surrounded by myoepithelial cells.The parotidis a purely serous gland. histochemical study,demonstrated of mucopolysaccharide by using combined AB-PAS, acini shows weak to moderate reaction in buffaloes but weak reaction in cows.

Ten samples of baffula stomach including rumen, reticulum, omasum Abomasum were collected from slaughter of Basrah .Tissue sections were done and stained with alcian blue and acridin orange dyes then photographed by light and fluorescent microscope .The histochemical study showed that all four parts of stomach consist of mucosa,submucosa ,muscular and serosal layer .The histochemical study showed that mucopolysacchrides distributed in all histological layers but with high density in the mucosal layer.

The study was conducted in Collage of Veterinary Medicine Basrah University,to evaluate the effect of proanthocyanidin and ranitidin on gastric ulcer, haematological and biochemical parameters changes by using female rabbits with acute gastric lesions induced by indomethacin.The study done on (30)adult female rabbits, their weight ranged between (1500-2000.0mg); divided into five groups, each group consist of six rabbits as the following: Group1:- healthy (negative control group) administrated normal saline (0.9 of normal saline) for 10 days; Group 2:-given indomethacin 75mgkg B.W. for two days(positive control group); Group 3:- at first given indomethacin 75mgkg B.W. for two days, then treated with proanthocyanidin(PA) 100mgkg B.W. for 10 days; Group 4, initially given indomethacin 75mgkg for two days, then treated with proanthocyanidin(PA) 200mgkg for 10 days; Group 5, given indomethacin 75mgkg for two days, then treated with ranitidin 50mgkg for10 days.The results showed that proanthocyanidin(PA) and ranitidin caused significant reduction (P≤0.05) in gastric volume, ulcer area, serum MDA, gastric tissue MDA while significant increase (P≤0.05) in mucin and gastric pH. It also revealed significant decrease (P≤0.05) in glucose concentration in rabbits treated with proanthocyanidin compared to positive control group while showedno-significant change in glucose concentration in rabbits treated with ranitidine compared with positive control group. It also, showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in Red Blood Cell(RBC),Hemoglobin(Hb) andMean Corpuscle hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) in rabbit treated with proanthocyanidin or ranitidin, while there was significant decrease (P≤0.05) in Mean Corpuscle Volume(MCV) in rabbits treated with proanthocyanidin in dose of 100mgkgand ranitidine in a dose of 50mg/kg with non-significant change of MCV in female rabbits with gastric ulceration treated with proanthocyanidin at dose 200 compared with positive control group.It showed non-significant changes in White Blood Cell (WBC) of female rabbits with gastric ulceration treated with proanthocyanidin compared with positive and negative control groups, while the results showed significant decrease (P≤0.05) in WBC of female rabbits with gastric ulceration treated with ranitidine group compared with positive and negative control groups and the other groups. The study revealed significant decrease (P≤0.05) in total cholesterol, triglyceride, Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL) and very Low Density Lipoprotein(VLDL) of female rabbits with gastric ulceration treated with proanthocyanidin and ranitidine group compared with positive control group while it showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in rabbits treated with proanthocyanidin and ranitidine group compared with positive control group. It is concluded that proanthocyanidin extract of the grape seeds(Vitis vinifera)displayed good antiulcer activity, hypoglycemia effect, amelioration of heamatological parameters and improve dyslipidemia corroborating the folk use of Vitis vinifera preparations, and contributing for its pharmacological validation.

The seminiferous tubules of the testes of rabbits were lined by multilayered germ cells . The first layer was occupied by the spermatogonia , which were differentiated into type A(dusty type) spermatogonia, Intermediate type and type B (crusty type) spermatogonia. Pictures of Preleptotene, Leptotene, Zygotene ,Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis. Primary spermatocytes were found and followed by secondary spermatocytes. Reading the morphological changes, the spermatid proposed 10 stages of cellular association during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in rabbit .

The current study was conducted on extracted Azadirachtaindicaneem seeds oil using the ethanol, it was measured effectiveness inhibitory of neem seeds oil extraction in different concentrations of 0.001 and 0.003 unit/ml compared with commercial neem oil, known (Azadirachtin) concentration of 0.002 unit/ml on the Hayalomma Spp. The study was conducted on six calves were selected randomly with different ages ranging from 4-6 months in the veterinary clinic in Baghdad / Diyala bridge area. The animals were divided into three group with 2 animals each, namely control group that treated with 0.002 neem oil (Azadirachtin 3.000 ppm) and treatment groups 1 and 2 were treated with neem oil with concentration of 0.0001 and 0.0003 respectively. The parasitic infestation of Hayalomma Spp was confirmed in the laboratory diagnosis and the presence of ticks in addition to the clinical symptoms of infected calves.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of seeds oil of AzadirachtaIndica(Neem) on Hyalomma Spp eliminate on the Cows. Results showed high efficiency of neem oil concentration 0.003 unit/ml as an anti-ticks, where there was a decline of the number of parasites since of the first day to the fourth day of the treatment that showed the mean number of parasites isolated 18.0, 15.8, 3.5 and 0.0respectively, compared with concentration of 0.001 and control group with significantly reduced of the parasites number P< 0.004at 0.05. Also, the most important result showed that there was no side effects of the high concertation of 0.003 of neem oil to treat the infected animals. In conclusion, the concentration 0.003 of neem showed the best extraction to eliminate the parasites without effects of animals’health status.

The comparison toxico-epidemiological study designed to evaluate the Lead, Nickel and Cadmium levels in healthy sheep of different regions in Al Basrah province and compared with sheep from Animal Farm of Agriculture College /University of Basrah(as control group). Sixty three adult male sheep were tested for the study (6 animals for each region). Blood samples were collected from each ram, the Pb, Ni and Cd values were measured. AST, ALT and creatinine values were also determined. The results revealed to high increase levels of Cd, and Pb concentration among the different regions and compared with control rams values. There were no significant differences in the transaminase enzymes activity and creatinine concentration among the animals tested. In spite of the rise in trace minerals values but it did not threshold to harmful effect on rams’ body physiology.

Leishmania major glycoprotein 63 (lmajgp63) gene was used in this study as DNA vaccine candidates. Gene was inserted into VR1012 plasmid by using standard molecular biology protocols, resulting in preparation of lmajgp63/VR1012 plasmid. Vaccine either used as naked or gold particles coated DNA vaccine in immunization of females Balb/c mice. Animals were immunized at week 0, 2 weeks and 6 weeks. Dermojet needle free injector had been used to deliver gold particles coated DNA vaccine intradermally (I/D) while ordinary needle injection was used to deliver naked vaccine intramuscularly (I/M). Immune response for each vaccinated group were detected, two weeks after the third administration of the vaccines, by estimation of serum concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ, as well as anti-soluble Leismania antigen (anti-SLA) IgG titer, by ELISA test. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of DNA vaccines in induction immune response comparing to control groups (P

&nbsp;This study was conducted to elevated the ethanol and methanol of Salixa acmophyllaextraction on bacteria Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin wound of cattle, about100(66.66%)from 150 sample isolated , and made the biochemical test , also sensitivity ofantibiotic .The loaded antibiotic discs namely: gentamicin (CN-10 &micro;g), levofloxacin(LEV -5&micro;g), amoxicillin (Ax -25 &micro;g) , tetracycline (TE -30 &micro;g),vancomycin(30&micro;g),erythromycin (25&micro;g)and streptomycin(25 &micro;g) were placed on thesurface of the medium and left for 30 min at room temperature for complete diffusion. Theplates were incubated for 24 hrs. at 37&deg;C. also made antimicrobial against isolatedbacteria disk diffusion techniques , Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) with differentconcentration of plant extracts (25mg /ml ,50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg /mland 300, . Minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) by Macro-dilution broth method weredone . Anti-inflammation test albumin denaturation Maximum inhibition in case ofethanol extract about (65.25&plusmn;1.2 %) and in methanol extract about (58.135&plusmn;1.23) wasobserved at concentration 300 &micro;g/ml., Aspirin, a standard anti-inflammatory drug showedthe maximum inhibition ، (67.35&plusmn;0.56%) at the concentration of (100&micro;g/ml )&nbsp;

The Staphylococcus aureus responsible for intramammary infection in bovine andis the main etiological agent of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy herds. In thisstudy a total of 64 Staphylococcus aureus strain obtained from 112 samples from mastitiscow (57.14%). S. aureus strain were identified phenotypically and further characterizedgenotypically by polymerase chain reaction PCR. Amplification of genes encodingspecific species for S. aureus(Sau), clumping factor (ctfA), thermonuclease (Nuc) and thegene segment encoding the immunoglobulin G binding region of protein A gene spa. Theamplification of Sau gene produce amplicon in a molecular size proximally 530bp in allstrain, the produce amplicon in a molecular size proximally size 980 bp in ctfA gene(73.43%) andImmunoglobulin G binding region of spa gene produce amplicon in a sizeproximally 950 bp was observed in 43 and 3 strain amplicon in a size proximally 390 bp(71.87%). The thermonuclease gene the amplicon in a size proximally 279 bp with(90.62%). After that methicillin resistance (MRSA) were detected in a percentage(21.87%), all of these strain of MRSA contain all virulence genes.