Naturally occurring uranium ore is abundant in nature and contains several isotopes of uranium. All uranium isotopes are radioactive. However, only Uranium-235 (U-235) is used to produce nuclear power and nuclear weapons. Uranium-235, important for nuclear weapons, is concentrated through uranium enrichment. In the 1970s, due to its high density, the USA started using DU to create bullets and mortar shells. The uranium oxide produced from the dust is mostly deposited inside the vehicle. depleted uranium mainly emits alpha particles. Alpha lack sufficient energy to penetrate through the skin. Exposure to DU outside the human body is not believed to be a serious hazard, but ingestion or inhalation of DU is a significant health threat. Exposure to alpha particles can have a detrimental impact on living cells, potentially leading to kidney damage. Dust that escapes from uranium metal does not usually travel far due to its density. Urine samples from soldiers and civilians in DU ammunition areas show low DU exposure. Contaminated soil ingested by cattle and sheep can contaminate the food chain. However, the transfer factor in animals is relatively low, comparable to the one for transfer to plants.

Cisplatin is one of the most potent and commonly used anticancer compounds to treat various tumors, but it causes many unwanted side effects that restrict its use. Hepatotoxicity is one of the common adverse effects that occur even when small amounts of cisplatin are used for short times. This study tested the ameliorative effect of fampridine, a compound used to treat multiple sclerosis, against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Forty rats were divided into four groups; Group 1 served as the negative control and did not receive any treatment; Group 2 was a positive control and administered a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg); Group 3 was given oral fampridine at 4 mg/kg for three consecutive days, starting from the day cisplatin was injected; Group 4 was given fampridine (4 mg/kg for three days) and cisplatin (5 mg/kg, single dose). After the experiments, animal weights, liver weights, serum creatinine, and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissues were measured after three and five days of treatment. Cisplatin caused hepatotoxicity manifested by decreased body weight, liver weight, and liver-to-body weight ratios. It also elevated creatinine concentrations in the serum and MDA and GSSG in the liver tissue, while GSH concentration decreased. Fampridine treatment ameliorated these toxic impacts from cisplatin. Hence, people taking cisplatin as an anticancer therapy and fampridine as a treatment for multiple sclerosis may benefit from the latter's protective effect against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.

The Achilles tendon is the most resilient tendon in the musculoskeletal system of canines. It enables the hock to extend, allowing the animal to balance on its toes. Its primary role is to propel the rear limb forward and provide support to the hock. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Platelets store growth factors and are crucial in various physiological functions like blood clotting, blood vessel formation, immune defense, and tissue healing. Aim of the study: To analyze and contrast the impacts of Platelet-rich plasma on regeneration of Achilles tendon. Materials and Methods: 10 dogs were divided into two groups: 5 dogs received treatment with Platelet-Rich Plasma (Group A), 5 dogs served as a control (Group B), and left untreated Results: scoring the degree of lameness in dogs that were not treated throughout the entire experiment The control group showed lameness scores, resulting in the animals being unable to lift their legs and take a few steps,The group that was treated with PRP had notably lower levels of lameness and pain throughout the study period,prp treatment resulted in better healing of the injured tendon compared to the untreated group, showing gradual improvement after 7 days. Histologically,PRP enhanced healing with increased cell proliferation, migration and collagen production of tendon-derived cells including increased cellularity and vascularity of ligament tissue ,compared to those in the control group the of the Achilles tendon of the positive control group showed chronic tendonitis. Conclusion: Proved that PRP can greatly enhance tendon repair, tendon growth, and minimize inflammation.

Coccidiosis is a major parasitic disease that affects domestic fowl, turkeys, ducks, and geese around the world. It is caused by protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa originating from the genus Eimeria. This study was recommended due to the lack of data on chicken Eimeria species in the Kurdistan region. There are nine recorded species of Eimeria in chickens, E.tenella is the most common coccidia in poultry, which is distinguished by its easily identifiable injuries and significant losses in early broilers and pullet layers. The research examined naturally infected broiler chicks aged between 3 and 6 weeks with Eimeria tenella. The samples were taken from caecal content and examined by standard methods such as necropsy and microscopic examinations. Microscopic examination revealed a large number of coccidian oocysts in the caecal content. Histopathological analysis showed severe sloughing of the lining mucosa with haemorrhage and necrosis, along with the presence of different stages of Eimeria, including oocytes, macrogametes, microgametes and schizonts in the submucosal layer. Haematoxylin and eosin staining facilitated a histopathological study on the affected caecum tissue. The study highlights an important stage that streamlines parasite isolation for molecular diagnosis by directly using cecum samples for DNA extraction. This method allows molecular diagnostic procedures to be completed more efficiently, regardless of the parasite’s stage.

commercial poultry farming is a rapidly growing sector. therefore, the study Aimed to evaluate the impact of stevia leaf powder on oxidative status and digestion and their reflection on meat quality parameters in broiler Chickens.Materials and methods From December 21, 2023, to January 17, 2024, 240 Ross broiler chicks were given different Stevia leaf powder dosages. Four groups of Babylon's Modern Al-Bakri Hatchery chicks received different treatments for 28 days. Group 1 (control) got a conventional diet, while Groups 2, 3, and 4 received diets supplemented with 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg, and 30 g/kg Stevia leaf powder. Locally ground stevia was added to the diet. The study examined digestive enzyme levels, antioxidant activity, and meat quality in broiler chickens treated with varied Stevia leaf powder (STV) concentrations. The STV-treated groups had significantly higher amylase levels (p≤ 0.05) than the control group, with no significant variations across STV concentrations. The 30g/kg STV group had slightly increase in lipase levels, but otherwise no changes. Compared to other groups, the 20g/kg STV group had considerably greater antioxidant enzyme activity, including SOD, CAT, and GLUpx. Chickens treated with 10g/kg had higher antioxidant activity, but the group did not vary from control. STV supplementation reduced meat pH, which improves tenderness and shelf life, and slightly increased cooking loss. The 20g/kg STV group showed decreased drip loss, indicating greater water retention and meat quality.

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No abstract available.