Objective: The aim of this research is to study the effectiveness of mosquito magnet (MM) for reducing mosquitoes (Diptera) populations in coastal areas. Materials and methods: The study sites are in the coastal area of Samut Songkhram province, Thailand, which is divided into two locations; one that is 2 km and another that is 4 km in distance from the sea. We used the Mosquito Magnet® Independence (MMI) trap for effective field testing in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Traps were placed 100 m away from the house (one trap per location) and mosquitoes were collected at night from 6 PM to 6 AM during September and October 2017 (30 days). Results: A total of 2,561 adult mosquitoes, including Anopheles epiroticus Linton & Harbach, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Cx. sitiens Wiedmann, and Cx. gelidus Theobald were collected by MMI. At a 2-km distance from the sea were captured more mosquitoes per night more than at a 4-km distance (63.63 ± 42.30 vs. 21.70 ± 12.42). The comparison of effectiveness of MMI in two locations of the coastal area was shown to have a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) and analysis of the correlation between the number of mosquitoes caught in coastal areas, including at a 2- and 4-km distance from the sea, accounting for weather factors, we found that the effectiveness of MMI was not correlated with weather (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, this study demonstrated that MM can be used to control mosquitoes in coastal areas with high efficiency, especially 2 km away from the sea. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 426-431]

Objective: This study aimed to observe the changes in anatomical pathology, histopathology, and histomorphometry of uterine horn in Aceh cattle with repeat breeding (RB). Materials and methods: In this study, five uterine horns were collected from fertile Aceh cattle (N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5) and Aceh cattle with RB (RB1, RB2, RB3, RB4, and RB5). Changes in the anatomical pathology of uterine horn were observed prior to histopathological preparations. The results were analyzed descriptively. Results: The observation of anatomical pathology revealed that the uterus of fertile cattle was yellowish white with horn-like shape consisting of hollow muscles, while RB cattle were reddish-pale. Furthermore, uterine horn swelling with purulent exudate was observed in the uterine horn of RB1 and RB4, while swelling with serous exudates was found in RB2, RB3, and RB5. Thin-walled uterine horn with caruncular atrophy was observed only in RB3. Histopathological observations showed erosion and hyperplasia of endometrial columnar epithelial and uterine glands in RB1, RB2, RB4, and RB5. Atrophy of uterine gland was found in RB3 and edema of caruncular was observed in RB1 and RB4. In addition, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages) were found in all RB cattle. Histologically, cow uterus is divided into three layers, endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium with the uterine gland found in the endometrium. Histomorphometric measurements found that the uterine horn wall (endometrial, myometrial, and perimetrium) of RB cattle were thicker than of fertile Aceh cattle, 208.06 ± 39.90 vs. 187.39 ± 29.09 μm, 400.138 ± 51.96 vs. 277.91 ± 42.88 μm, and 23.59 ± 9.67 vs. 18.53 ± 4.40 μm. However, the endometrial gland diameter of RB cattle is smaller than that of fertile Aceh cattle, 4.04 ± 0.88 vs. 4.99 ± 1.37 μm. Conclusion: The changes in anatomical pathology and histopathology of the uterine horn of Aceh cattle with RB indicate endometritis which caused by subacute and chronic bacterial infections. Endometritis causes disrupted blood circulation, which is characterized by hemorrhage, edema, and thickening of the endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium, resulting in an increased diameter of the endometrial gland in RB Aceh cattle. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 445-453]

Objective: This study was aimed at studying efficacy of medical management of corneal opacity in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Material and methods: A 42 years old male Asian elephant was brought to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital (TVH) at Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) with a history of chronic lacrimation and impaired vision. On clinical examination, the animal was found apparently healthy. Opthalmological examination tentatively revealed the condition as corneal opacity. The left eye was much more affected as compared to the right one. Medical management was instituted with topical administration of ciprofloxacin, dexamethasone, subconjunctival prednisolone and dexamethasone along with intramuscular ketoprofen (at 1 mg/Kg bwt) and vitamin A (at 5000 IU/Kg bwt). Results: The mahout (elepenat caretaker) of the elephant was kept in close contact over cell phone to follow up the progress of the condition. Clinical examination after 19 days revealed complete recovery of the cornel opacity. There was no sign of lacrimation and the animal regained its normal vision. Conclusion: The treatment protocol successfully eliminated the discomfort along with corneal opacity and lacrimation in an Asian elephant. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(1.000): 98-100]

Objective: The objectives of our study were to estimate the effect of some non-genetic factors on production and reproduction traits of Egyptian buffaloes and to estimate the breeding values for these traits. Materials and Methods: Data from 965 lactation records of 305 Egyptian buffalo cows mated by 73 sires that were raised at Mahallet Mousa Experimental farms of Animal Production Research Institute were collected. Dairy records covered the period from 2001 to 2015. The data were arranged and statistically analyzed using SAS version 9.1.3 to study the effect of non-genetic factors and the MTDFREMAL program was included in estimating the expected breeding values. Results: Our results showed that buffalo cows that calved in winter season recorded the highest and significant total milk yield (TMY) and daily milk yield (DMY) traits and the best reproductive performance was indicated by the lower number of services per conception and the shortest calving interval (CI) period. Moreover, age at first calving and dry period (DP) showed a highly significant effect on the TMY and DMY. A significant effect for the level of milk production on days open (DO) period was recorded in our study. The range of sires EBV was 540 kg, 295.2 days, 113.9 days, 2.8 months, and 71.1 days for TMY, LL, DO, CI, and DP, respectively. Conclusion: Buffalos breeders must consider the season of calving, parity, and DP in management program because they greatly affect the farm productivity and profitability and they must select animals with higher breeding values to be the parent of the next generation. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 374-380]

Objective: Screening of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat and liver collected from farms and local markets in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 160 samples (breast, thigh muscle and liver) were collected from markets and farms from different region of Bangladesh. PBS buffer system with trichloracetic acid and diethyl ether based sample extraction was performed. For comparison the standard antibiotics; Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Enrofloxacin (ENR), Oxytetracycline (OTC), Amoxicillin (AMOX) and Doxycycline (DOX) were prepared by dissolving in methanol. Samples were pointed on TLC plates transferred to TLC tank containing acetone-methanol (1:1) as mobile phase. Retention factor (Rf) was calculated after observing the chromatograms on UV light at 256 nm. Same Rf value of standard and sample considered similar compound. Results: Liver sample were mostly positive for antibiotics residue followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. The frequency of antibiotic residues was highest in liver followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. Among the antibiotics CIP ranked top in all types of sample. In breast muscle highest antibiotic was CIP (39%) followed by DOX (26%), AMOX (24%), OTC (23%) and lowest was ENR (21%). In thigh muscle, 42, 29, 28, 27 and 24% sample was positive for CIP, OTC, DOX, AMOX and ENR, respectively. Highest number of liver samples were shown positive result for all screened antibiotics (CIP-52%, OTC-46%, DOX-43%, AMOX-42% and ENR-36%). Conclusion: This study ascertained those antibiotics residues are present in chicken muscle and liver which causes serious health hazards to consumers. So proper steps should be taken to control emergence of antibiotic resistance in human being as well as in the environment. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 140-145]

Objective: The present study aimed to produce and analyze antibody against a synthetic amino acid sequence fragment of PIP-HP of Bali cattle saliva. Materials and Methods: The synthetic amino acid sequence of the PIP-HP (VIRELGICPDDWAVIPIKANRF) was developed, conjugated to bovine serum albumin and was used to immunize Indonesian local rabbits. Positive sera that specific against the PIP-HP were pooled and purified sequentially by implying ammonium sulfate precipitation and protein A affinity methods. Purified antibody was then employed to analyze of PIP-HP in the ruminants saliva by means of westernblot assays. Results: A polyclonal antibody specific to asynthetic amino acid sequence fragment of PIP-HP of Bali cattle saliva was successfully produced. Our results show that the antibody potentially to be used to develop an immuno-diagnostic kit. Furthermore, the antibody was also able to inhibit the growth of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus cultures significantly (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 182-187]

Traceability methods in livestock sector through the tracking of animal species, breed or even individuals, has become of utmost importance as a vehicle for ensuring consumers food safety. The advent of new technology at DNA level has facilitated the convenience and the accuracy of the implementation of traceability methods. The scope of this review is to highlight the most up to date progress on DNA based approaches concerning the traceability procedures for small ruminant species and/or their products, giving emphasis on short tandem repeats (microsatellites) and single nucleotide polymorphisms. The conclusions of this review may be used either from the farmer or the State and other Organisations in order not only to certify traceability throughout the whole food process chain but to ensure also consumers food safety. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 255-264]

Objectives: We investigated the impact of rice gruel as an alternative energy source of molasses as well as measured the effectiveness of rice gruel on the physiology of the rumen environment and the growth performance of growing lamb. Materials and methods: A number of 18 sheep with an average age of 7 months and mean body weight of 5.9 kg were selected and divided into three groups for 60 days long feeding trial with urea molasses straw (UMS), urea rice gruel straw (URS), and concentrate feed. Every fortnight interval, live weight was recorded and rumen liquor from every group was collected four times before and after feeding at 4-h interval to examine the rumen environment. Results: Color, odor, consistency, and protozoal motility remain unchanged in all three groups. The pH of the rumen liquor was highest at 8 h of post feeding among three groups. The bacterial count (6.1 × 1010) was higher in the group that consuming UMS than URS and concentrate feed. The rumen protozoa also showed a similar growth pattern in proportion to a number of rumen bacteria. At the end of the 60 days feeding trial, no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found among the three groups in contrast to body weight gain. Conclusion: In the current feeding trial, the close similar effectiveness of rice gruel and molasses was found as a fermentable energy source. However, we suggest that rice gruel can be supplemented as a substitute for molasses under the situation when molasses are not available or expensive in field condition. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 432-438]

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the newly arrived pure breed sheep considering antibody against some diseases and immunization of the animal against endemic diseases of hosting area according to species. Materials and methods: A total of 42 pure exotic breed of sheep, originated from Australia namely Parendale (n=14), Suffolk (n=13) and Dorper (n=15), imported by the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) were used in this study. Before shifting the animals to sheep farm, 1-month quarantine was done in an isolated shed by following step by step technique; first week was used for close observation, second week for immunization of animal against endemic diseases, third week for monitoring and observation against immunization, and the fourth week was used for determination of animal health status and immunity level. On day 1 and 2, the sheep remained at full rest along with supplied habituated feed, saline and drinking water. On day 3, fecal sample was collected from all animals to measure parasitic load. On day 4, blood and oculo-nasal discharge samples were collected to detect blood protozoa, peste des petits ruminants (PPR), foot and mouth disease (FMD) and other infectious zoonotic diseases like anthrax, brucellosis and tuberculosis. In the second week, immunization was done against PPR, FMD and hemorrhagic septisemia (HS) at two days interval. Farm biosecurity and biosafety for the workers and officers was maintained according to standard guideline. In the third week, the animals continued to be under close observation. On day 29, the antibody level produced due to vaccination was measured. Results: Parasitic load was found to be very low, and blood protozoa, PPR, FMD, anthrax, brucellosis and tuberculosis were negative. The antibody titer was detected at the acceptable level in sheep on day 29. The quarantine committee decided that the sheep were ready to transfer to the farm along with some recommendations. After completion of 1-month quarantine period, all sheep could not transmit any diseases in Bangladesh. Conclusion: Quarantine is mandatory for entering any new animal in a new area that gives the outline of different new diseases. It also acts as radar of exotic disease in a country. So, this quarantine technique serves the purpose for livestock owners effectively. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(1.000): 67-72]

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from chicken and quail eggshells and to study the antibiogram of the isolates. Materials and methods: A total of 300 eggs (220 chicken eggs and 80 quail eggs) were collected from different retail shops and farms in Mymensingh district. Swabs taken from the egg surfaces were cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar for the isolation of S. aureus. Polymerase chain reaction was conducted for confirmatory identification of the bacterial species targeting nuc gene, followed by confirmation of methicillin-resistant S. aureus by targeting the mecA gene. Antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolated bacteria was done against commonly used antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. Results: The prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus in the chicken eggshell surface was 20.45% and 10.45%, respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus in quail eggshell surface was 16.25% and 5%, respectively. Overall, 27 isolates were identified as S. aureus, of which 23 were from the chicken eggshell surface and four from quail eggshell surface. Among the seven isolates tested, overall four (57.14%) were positive for the nuc gene. On the other hand, the mecA gene could be detected in three (50%) S. aureus out of six oxacillin resistant isolates. The antibiogram study indicated that most of the isolates were resistant to the antibiotics under β-lactam group. Conclusion: The present study concludes that chicken and quail egg surface harbor multidrugresistant bacteria which may cause public health hazards, if these antibiotic-resistant bacteria are transferred to a human. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 466-471]