This study evaluated the economic viability of industrial production of complete diets for equine species, using three sources of fiber (dehydrated whole corn plant, dehydrated elephant grass, or Tifton 85 hay) submitted to two types of thermal processing (pelleting or extrusion). A survey and elaboration of costs from the agricultural production of roughage to the commercialization of the final product was conducted. Three scenarios were compared: S1 – basal price of complete diet (ingredients supplied together, but purchased separately); S2 – price of S1 plus 10%; S3 – price of S1 plus 20%. Profitability indicators applied were internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). Simple payback was used to verify return on investment time. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the items that most influence the economic results. Simple payback ranged from one to six years. The highest values of IRR (>100% per year) and NPV were obtained for the extruded diets in scenario 3. Only the pelletized diet containing Tifton 85 hay in scenario 1 was not economically feasible, presenting negative IRR. The inputs make up the item with the greatest burden on the production process (mean 89%). Except for pelletized diet containing Tifton 85 hay in scenario 1, the other projects present IRR above the minimum attractiveness rate (MAR) and were considered economically feasible.

O presente trabalho avaliou a viabilidade econômica do projeto de produção industrial de dietas completas para aespécie equina, utilizando três fontes de fibra (rolão de milho ou capim elefante desidratado ou feno de Tifton 85)submetidas a dois tipos de tratamento térmico (peletização ou extrusão). Foram realizados o levantamento e elaboraçãode custos desde a produção agrícola do volumoso até a comercialização do produto final. Foram propostos três cenárioscomparativos: S1 – preço base da dieta completa (ingredientes fornecidos ao mesmo tempo, porém, separadamente);S2 – preço de S1 mais 10%; S3 – preço de S1 mais 20%. A Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR) e o Valor Presente Líquido(VPL) foram os indicadores de rentabilidade. O Payback simples foi utilizado para verificar o tempo de retorno doinvestimento. Foi realizada análise de sensibilidade para identificar os itens que mais influenciaram os resultadoseconômicos. O Payback simples variou de um a seis anos. Os maiores valores de TIR (>100% a.a) e VPL foram obtidospara as dietas extrusadas no cenário 3. Apenas a dieta peletizada contendo feno de Tifton 85 no cenário 1 não foi viáveleconomicamente, apresentando TIR negativa. Os insumos compõem o item de maior oneração no processo produtivo(média de 89%). Exceto para dieta peletizada contendo feno de Tifton 85 no cenário 1, os demais projetos apresentamTIR acima da taxa média de atratividade sendo considerados viáveis economicamente. | This study evaluated the economic viability of industrial production of complete diets for equine species, using threesources of fiber (dehydrated whole corn plant, dehydrated elephant grass, or Tifton 85 hay) submitted to two typesof thermal processing (pelleting or extrusion). A survey and elaboration of costs from the agricultural production ofroughage to the commercialization of the final product was conducted. Three scenarios were compared: S1 – basalprice of complete diet (ingredients supplied together, but purchased separately); S2 – price of S1 plus 10%; S3 – priceof S1 plus 20%. Profitability indicators applied were internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). Simplepayback was used to verify return on investment time. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the items thatmost influence the economic results. Simple payback ranged from one to six years. The highest values of IRR (>100%per year) and NPV were obtained for the extruded diets in scenario 3. Only the pelletized diet containing Tifton 85 hayin scenario 1 was not economically feasible, presenting negative IRR. The inputs make up the item with the greatestburden on the production process (mean 89%). Except for pelletized diet containing Tifton 85 hay in scenario 1, theother projects present IRR above the minimum attractiveness rate (MAR) and were considered economically feasible.

Pectin industry generates a citrus pulp residue compounded by peduncle, endocarp, juice vesicles, columella, seeds and tiny fractions of epicarp and mesocarp of citrus fruits, denominated Wet Citrus Pulp (WCP), which has not yet been tested as food for lamb’s nutrition. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of partial replacement of ground corn by WCP in high-concentrate diets on the performance and hepatic enzyme concentration of feedlot lambs. Forty-two male lambs (15 Santa Inês and 27 ½ Dorper × Santa Inês), with 24.7 ± 1.5 kg of BW and 60 ± 5 d of age was assigned to a randomized complete block design. Within blocks (n = 14), lambs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 0WCP (control) – diet containing 75.5% ground corn without WCP; 20WCP – diet containing 20% WCP in replacement of ground corn, and 40WCP – diet containing 40% WCP in replacement of ground corn. The experiment lasted 70 days, which was split in 3 experimental periods (14 days of diets’ adaptation and 2 sub-periods of 28 days each). Statistical analyses were performed using the MIXED procedure of the SAS. Orthogonal polynomials for diet response were determined by linear and quadratic effects. There was a quadratic effect for DM, CP, ash, ether extract and NFC intake The highest DM and CP intake was observed for lambs fed 20WCP, however, the control diet increased the ash, ether extract and NFC intake. The increased levels of WCP decreased the ADG and feed efficiency (FE) during the adaptation period, however, did not affect the ADG and FE on periods 1 and 2. Consequently, the increased levels of WCP inclusion decreased linearly the BW. There was no effect of WCP inclusion in diets on Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) concentration. However, there was a linear increase for Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) concentration during the adaptation period, but without difference in other periods. In conclusion, adding up to 40% of WCP in finishing diets for feedlot lambs decrease performance during adaptation period, compromising the final body weight, but without damages effects on liver enzymes.

A indústria de produção de pectina gera um resíduo composto por pedúnculo, endocarpo, vesículas de suco, columela, sementes e minúsculas frações de epicarpo e mesocarpo de frutas cítricas, denominada Polpa Cítrica Úmida (WCP), que ainda não foi testada como alimento na nutrição de ovinos. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da substituição parcial do milho pela WCP em dietas contendo elevado teor de concentrado sobre o desempenho e a concentração de enzimas hepáticas de cordeiros confinados. Quarenta e dois cordeiros machos (15 Santa Inês e 27 ½ Dorper x Santa Inês), com 24,7 ± 1,5 kg de peso corporal e 60 ± 5 dias de idade foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados. Dentro de cada bloco (n = 14), os cordeiros foram distribuídos aleatoriamente entreos tratamentos: 0WCP – dieta contendo 75,5% de milho moído, sem a inclusão de WCP; 20WCP – dieta contendo 20% de WCP em substituição ao milho moído; e 40WCP – dieta contendo 40% de WCP em substituição ao milho moído. O experimento teve duração de 70 dias, sendo dividido em 3 períodos experimentais (14 dias de adaptação as dietas e 2 períodos de 28 dias cada). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o procedimento MIXED do SAS. Os polinômios ortogonais lineares e quadráticos foram utilizados para avaliar o efeito das dietas. Houve efeito quadrático para o consumo de matéria seca, PB, cinzas, extrato etéreo e CNF. A maior ingestão de MS e PB foi observada para os cordeiros alimentados com 20WCP, entretanto, a dieta controle aumentou o consumo de cinzas, extrato etéreo e CNF. O aumento na inclusão de WCP diminuiu o ganho médio diário e a eficiência alimentar durante o período de adaptação,entretanto, não afetou essas variáveis durante os períodos 1 e 2. Consequentemente, a inclusão de WCP reduziu o peso corporal ao final do período experimental. Não houve efeito das dietas na concentração de gama-glutamil transferase (GGT). Entretanto, houve aumento linear na concentração de aspartato aminotransferase (AST) durante o período de adaptação. Em conclusão, a inclusão de até 40% de WCP nas dietas de terminação para cordeiros confinados diminuiu o desempenho durante o período de adaptação, comprometendo o peso corporal ao final do período experimental, entretanto, não comprometeu a afetou as enzimas hepáticas.  | Pectin industry generates a citrus pulp residue compounded by peduncle, endocarp, juice vesicles, columella, seeds and tiny fractions of epicarp and mesocarp of citrus fruits, denominated Wet Citrus Pulp (WCP), which has not yet been tested as food for lamb’s nutrition. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of partial replacement of ground corn by WCP in high-concentrate diets on the performance and hepatic enzyme concentration of feedlot lambs. Forty-two male lambs (15 Santa Inês and 27 ½ Dorper × Santa Inês), with 24.7 ± 1.5 kg of BW and 60 ± 5 d of age was assigned to a randomized complete block design. Within blocks (n = 14), lambs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 0WCP (control) – diet containing 75.5% ground corn without WCP; 20WCP – diet containing 20% WCP in replacement of ground corn, and 40WCP – diet containing 40% WCP in replacement of ground corn. The experiment lasted 70 days, which was split in 3 experimental periods (14 days of diets’ adaptation and 2 sub-periods of 28 days each). Statistical analyses were performed using the MIXED procedure of the SAS. Orthogonal polynomials for diet response were determined by linear and quadratic effects. There was a quadratic effect for DM, CP, ash, ether extract and NFC intake The highest DM and CP intake was observed for lambs fed 20WCP, however, the control diet increased the ash, ether extract and NFC intake. The increased levels of WCP decreased the ADG and feed efficiency (FE) during the adaptation period, however, did not affect the ADG and FE on periods 1 and 2. Consequently, the increased levels of WCP inclusion decreased linearly the BW. There was no effect of WCP inclusion in diets on Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) concentration. However, there was a linear increase for Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) concentration during the adaptation period, but without difference in other periods. In conclusion, adding up to 40% of WCP in finishing diets for feedlot lambs decrease performance during adaptation period, compromising the final body weight, but without damages effects on liver enzymes.

This work investigated the occurrence of Perkinsus sp. in clam Anomalocardia brasiliana, oyster Crassostrea sp. and mussel Mytella falcata from the Jaguaribe River estuary, northeastern Brazil. The collection of clam (N = 300), oysters (N = 300) and mussels (N = 300) were carried out in the estuary of the Jaguaribe River, Ceará, in March and April (rainy season) and October (dry season) in 2017. The mollusks were measured in their major axis, open, and had their tissues submitted to tissue incubation techniques in Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM), histology, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), PCR and sequencing. The RFTM assays showed Perkinsus sp. infecting the three mollusks investigated. The prevalence of infected clams was 1.33% in both sampling periods, oysters ranged from 2.66 (rainy season) to 8% (dry period), and mussels from 0% (dry period) to 51.33% (rainy season). The intensity of infection was very light to light in clams, very soft to severe in oysters and very soft to moderate in mussels. Histological analyses showed cells of Perkinsus sp. infecting the gills and connective tissue around the digestive gland of some individuals. The qPCR generated amplicons in all positive samples in RFTM, confirming the presence of Perkinsus sp., while the sequencing evidenced high similarity (99%) with the species P. beihaiensis. In conclusion, the results obtained contribute to increasing knowledge about the occurrence of Perkinsus sp. in bivalve mollusks from northeastern Brazil.

This work investigated the occurrence of Perkinsus sp. in clam Anomalocardia brasiliana, oyster Crassostrea sp. and mussel Mytella falcata from the Jaguaribe River estuary, northeastern Brazil. The collection of clam (N = 300), oysters (N = 300) and mussels (N = 300) were carried out in the estuary of the Jaguaribe River, Ceará, in March and April (rainy season) and October (dry season) in 2017. The mollusks were measured in their major axis, open, and had their tissues submitted to tissue incubation techniques in Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM), histology, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), PCR and sequencing. The RFTM assays showed Perkinsus sp. infecting the three mollusks investigated. The prevalence of infected clams was 1.33% in both sampling periods, oysters ranged from 2.66 (rainy season) to 8% (dry period), and mussels from 0% (dry period) to 51.33% (rainy season). The intensity of infection was very light to light in clams, very soft to severe in oysters and very soft to moderate in mussels. Histological analyses showed cells of Perkinsus sp. infecting the gills and connective tissue around the digestive gland of some individuals. The qPCR generated amplicons in all positive samples in RFTM, confirming the presence of Perkinsus sp., while the sequencing evidenced high similarity (99%) with the species P. beihaiensis. In conclusion, the results obtained contribute to increasing knowledge about the occurrence of Perkinsus sp. in bivalve mollusks from northeastern Brazil. | This work investigated the occurrence of Perkinsus sp. in clam Anomalocardia brasiliana, oyster Crassostrea sp. and mussel Mytella falcata from the Jaguaribe River estuary, northeastern Brazil. The collection of clam (N = 300), oysters (N = 300) and mussels (N = 300) were carried out in the estuary of the Jaguaribe River, Ceará, in March and April (rainy season) and October (dry season) in 2017. The mollusks were measured in their major axis, open, and had their tissues submitted to tissue incubation techniques in Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM), histology, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), PCR and sequencing. The RFTM assays showed Perkinsus sp. infecting the three mollusks investigated. The prevalence of infected clams was 1.33% in both sampling periods, oysters ranged from 2.66 (rainy season) to 8% (dry period), and mussels from 0% (dry period) to 51.33% (rainy season). The intensity of infection was very light to light in clams, very soft to severe in oysters and very soft to moderate in mussels. Histological analyses showed cells of Perkinsus sp. infecting the gills and connective tissue around the digestive gland of some individuals. The qPCR generated amplicons in all positive samples in RFTM, confirming the presence of Perkinsus sp., while the sequencing evidenced high similarity (99%) with the species P. beihaiensis. In conclusion, the results obtained contribute to increasing knowledge about the occurrence of Perkinsus sp. in bivalve mollusks from northeastern Brazil.

Avian coronavirus (AvCoV) infects a range of tissues in chickens and several other avian species. Although the virus can be isolated in chicken embryos, only a few strains of the 6 genotypes/33 lineages can grow in cell lines, with the Beaudette strain (GI-1 lineage) being the most used for in vitro studies. Considering the differences between cell lines and chicken embryos as habitats for AvCoV, this study aimed to assess the diversity of the genes coding for the nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) and spike envelope protein (S) after serial passages in BHK-21 and Vero cells. After 14 passages of an embryo-adapted Beaudette strain, the virus loads fluctuated in both cell lines, with the highest loads being 8.72 log genome copies/µL for Vero and 6.36 log genome copies/µL for BHK-21 cells. No polymorphisms were found for nsp3; regarding S, not only aa substitutions (Vero: 8th passage A150S, and 14th S150A; BHK-21: 4th S53F, 8th F53Y, and 8th S95R), but also minor variants could be detected on chromatograms with fluctuating intensities. As the regions of these aa substitutions are within the receptor-binding domain of S, it can be speculated that differences in cell receptors between Vero and BHK-21 cells and the speed of cell death led to the selection of different dominant strains, while the stability of nsp3 supports its function as a protease involved in AvCoV replication. In conclusion, AvCoV quasispecies evolution is influenced by the biological model under consideration, and a gradual transition is seen for minor and major variants.

O Coronavírus aviário AvCoV infecta uma variedade de tecidos de galinhas e de outras espécies aviárias. Apesar de este vírus poder ser isolado em ovos embrionados de galinha, apenas alguns dos 6 genótipos / 33 linhagens podem crescer em cultivo celular, sendo a cepa Beuadette (linhagem GI-11) a mais utilizada para estudos in vitro. Considerando as diferentes linhagens celulares e ovos embrionados como habitats para o AvCoV, este estudo teve por objetivo estudar a diversidade de genes que codificam para a proteína não-estrutural 3 (nsp3) e espícula (S) após passagens seriadas em células BHK-21 e VERO. Após 14 passagens, de uma amostra Beuadette adaptada a ovos embrionados, os títulos virais variaram em ambas as células, com os maiores títulos sendo de 8,72 log cópias genômicas/µL para Vero e 6,36 cópias genômicas/µL para BHK-21. Nenhum polimorfismo foi encontrando para nsp3. Considerando a proteína S, não somente foram encontradas substituições de aminoácidos (Vero: 8a passagem A150S e 14a passagem S150A; BHK-21: 4a passagem S53F, 8a passagem F53Y e S95R), mas também, variantes subconsensuais foram detectadas pelos cromatogramas com intensidades flutuantes. Uma vez que as regiões destes aa se encontram no domínio de ligação de receptor de S, pode-se especular que diferenças em receptores celulares entre Vero e BHK-21, além da velocidade da morte celular, levaram à seleção de diferentes cepas dominantes, enquanto que a estabilidade de nsp3 concorda com sua função como protease com papel na replicação de AvCoV. Como conclusão, a evolução de quase-espécies de AvCoV é influenciada pelo modelo biológico sob consideração e uma transição gradual é vista para variantes dominantes e subdominantes.  | Avian coronavirus (AvCoV) infects a range of tissues in chickens and several other avian species. Although the virus can be isolated in chicken embryos, only a few strains of the 6 genotypes/33 lineages can grow in cell lines, with the Beaudette strain (GI-1 lineage) being the most used for in vitro studies. Considering the differences between cell lines and chicken embryos as habitats for AvCoV, this study aimed to assess the diversity of the genes coding for the nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) and spike envelope protein (S) after serial passages in BHK-21 and Vero cells. After 14 passages of an embryo-adapted Beaudette strain, the virus loads fluctuated in both cell lines, with the highest loads being 8.72 log genome copies/µL for Vero and 6.36 log genome copies/µL for BHK-21 cells. No polymorphisms were found for nsp3; regarding S, not only aa substitutions (Vero: 8th passage A150S, and 14th S150A; BHK-21: 4th S53F, 8th F53Y, and 8th S95R), but also minor variants could be detected on chromatograms with fluctuating intensities. As the regions of these aa substitutions are within the receptor-binding domain of S, it can be speculated that differences in cell receptors between Vero and BHK-21 cells and the speed of cell death led to the selection of different dominant strains, while the stability of nsp3 supports its function as a protease involved in AvCoV replication. In conclusion, AvCoV quasispecies evolution is influenced by the biological model under consideration, and a gradual transition is seen for minor and major variants.

Essential oil (EO) from Brazilian red pepper leaves contains antimicrobial compounds that control Gram-positive bacteria in the rumen content, improving the efficiency of ruminal fermentation. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of the Brazilian red pepper leaves EO (Schinus terebinthifolius) as a substitute for monensin on performance, occurrence of coccidiosis by Eimeria ssp., carcass characteristics and meat composition of feedlot lambs. Forty-four lambs, 16 males (12 ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês and 4 Santa Inês) and 28 females (16 ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês and 12 Santa Inês), with 21.4 ± 1.05 kg of initial body weight (BW), were used in a randomized complete block design. The experiment lasted 56 days, divided into 2 periods of 28 days each. The treatments were defined by the inclusion of 8 ppm of monensin (MON), and the doses 0.14% (14EO), 0.28% (28EO) and 0.42% (42EO) of red pepper leaves essential oil (EO). At the end of 56 days, 32 lambs were slaughtered for the measurement of carcass parameters and meat composition. There was no interaction among treatments and periods for average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency (FE) and oocyst of Eimeria ssp. in feces. The treatments did not affect the ADG, DMI and FE; however, the monensin inclusion decreased the oocyst of Eimeria ssp. (P = 0.01). There was a tendency (P = 0.06) of increase in hot carcass yield for lambs fed 28EO compared to 14EO. In addition, the cold carcass yield was higher (P = 0.02) in the animals fed 28EO and 42EO. The subcutaneous fat thickness was not affected by the experimental diets; however, there was a tendency for lambs from 28EO and 42EO treatments to present higher body wall thickness (P = 0.07) and Longissimus muscle area (P = 0.07) when compared to MON. The higher doses of red pepper leaves EO increased the percentage of crude protein (P < 0.01) and mineral matter (P = 0.02) in the chemical composition of meat. Although the performance of lambs did not change, the inclusion of 0.28 and 0.42% red pepper leaves EO improve the carcass characteristics and change the meat composition, demonstrating the potential of the use of this additive in confined lamb diets. However, the monensin has greater potential to control coccidiosis in feedlot lambs compared with red pepper leaves EO.

O óleo essencial das folhas da aroeira possui compostos antimicrobianos que controlam a população de bactérias&nbsp;gram-positivas presentes no conteúdo ruminal, melhorando a eficiência do processo de fermentação. Os objetivos do&nbsp;presente estudo foram avaliar os efeitos do óleo essencial das folhas da aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) em substituição&nbsp;a monensina sobre o desempenho, ocorrência de coccidiose por Eimeria ssp., características de carcaça e da carne de&nbsp;cordeiros confinados. Quarenta e quatro cordeiros, 16 machos (12 ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês e 4 Santa Inês) e 28 fêmeas&nbsp;(16 ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês e 12 Santa Inês), com 21,4 ± 1,05 kg de peso inicial, foram utilizados em delineamento&nbsp;de blocos completos ao acaso. O experimento teve duração de 56 dias, divididos em 2 períodos de 28 dias cada.&nbsp;Os tratamentos foram definidos pela inclusão de 8 ppm de monensina sódica (MON) e as doses 0,14% (14OE), 0,28%&nbsp;(28OE) e 0,42% (42OE) do óleo essencial (OE) das folhas da aroeira. Ao final dos 56 dias, 32 animais foram abatidos para&nbsp;a mensuração dos parâmetros de carcaça e análise química da carne. Não houve interação entre tratamento e período&nbsp;experimental para ganho médio diário (GMD), consumo de matéria seca (CMS), eficiência alimentar (EA) e ocorrência&nbsp;de coccidiose. Não houve efeito das dietas experimentais sobre GMD, CMS e EA, entretanto, a inclusão de monensina&nbsp;reduziu o número de oocistos de Eimeria ssp. (P = 0,01). Houve tendência de aumento no rendimento de carcaça quente&nbsp;(P = 0,06) para os cordeiros alimentados com 28OE comparados com o tratamento 14OE. Além disso, o rendimento&nbsp;de carcaça fria foi maior (P = 0,02) para os animais alimentados com 28OE e 42OE. A espessura de gordura subcutânea&nbsp;não foi afetada pelas dietas experimentais, entretanto, houve tendência dos cordeiros dos tratamentos 28OE e 42OE&nbsp;apresentarem maior espessura de parede corporal (P = 0,07) e área de olho de lombo (P = 0,07) quando comparados a&nbsp;MON. As maiores doses de OE das folhas de aroeira aumentaram a porcentagem de proteína bruta (P &lt; 0,01) e matéria&nbsp;mineral (P = 0,02) na composição química da carne dos cordeiros. Apesar de não alterar o desempenho dos cordeiros,&nbsp;a inclusão de 0,28 e 0,42% de OE das folhas de aroeira foi capaz de alterar as características de carcaça e composição&nbsp;química da carne, demonstrando o potencial de utilização desse aditivo em dietas para cordeiros confinados. Entretanto,&nbsp;a monensina possui maior capacidade de controlar a coccidiose em cordeiros confinados quando comparado ao OE das&nbsp;folhas da aroeira. | Essential oil (EO) from Brazilian red pepper leaves contains antimicrobial compounds that control Gram-positive&nbsp;bacteria in the rumen content, improving the efficiency of ruminal fermentation. The objectives of the present study&nbsp;were to evaluate the effects of the Brazilian red pepper leaves EO (Schinus terebinthifolius) as a substitute for monensin&nbsp;on performance, occurrence of coccidiosis by Eimeria ssp., carcass characteristics and meat composition of feedlot lambs.&nbsp;Forty-four lambs, 16 males (12 ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês and 4 Santa Inês) and 28 females (16 ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês&nbsp;and 12 Santa Inês), with 21.4 ± 1.05 kg of initial body weight (BW), were used in a randomized complete block design.&nbsp;The experiment lasted 56 days, divided into 2 periods of 28 days each. The treatments were defined by the inclusion&nbsp;of 8 ppm of monensin (MON), and the doses 0.14% (14EO), 0.28% (28EO) and 0.42% (42EO) of red pepper leaves&nbsp;essential oil (EO). At the end of 56 days, 32 lambs were slaughtered for the measurement of carcass parameters and&nbsp;meat composition. There was no interaction among treatments and periods for average daily gain (ADG), dry matter&nbsp;intake (DMI), feed efficiency (FE) and oocyst of Eimeria ssp. in feces. The treatments did not affect the ADG, DMI and&nbsp;FE; however, the monensin inclusion decreased the oocyst of Eimeria ssp. (P = 0.01). There was a tendency (P = 0.06)&nbsp;of increase in hot carcass yield for lambs fed 28EO compared to 14EO. In addition, the cold carcass yield was higher&nbsp;(P = 0.02) in the animals fed 28EO and 42EO. The subcutaneous fat thickness was not affected by the experimental&nbsp;diets; however, there was a tendency for lambs from 28EO and 42EO treatments to present higher body wall thickness&nbsp;(P = 0.07) and Longissimus muscle area (P = 0.07) when compared to MON. The higher doses of red pepper leaves&nbsp;EO increased the percentage of crude protein (P &lt; 0.01) and mineral matter (P = 0.02) in the chemical composition of&nbsp;meat. Although the performance of lambs did not change, the inclusion of 0.28 and 0.42% red pepper leaves EO improve&nbsp;the carcass characteristics and change the meat composition, demonstrating the potential of the use of this additive&nbsp;in confined lamb diets. However, the monensin has greater potential to control coccidiosis in feedlot lambs compared&nbsp;with red pepper leaves EO.

The objective of this study was to detect the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum samples from 100 sparrows (Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) that were caught in an urban area in southern Brazil. The modified agglutination test (MAT) was used to investigate anti-T. gondii antibodies and samples with a cut-off dilution > 5 were considered positive. Among the 100 serum samples analyzed, 80 (80%) were reactive. These results demonstrate that P. domesticus may play an important role in the epidemiological chain of T. gondii, since it is widely distributed throughout Brazil, and it may act as a source of infection to domestic, semi-domestic cats and to free-living wild felids.

O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar a presença de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em amostras de soro de 100 pardais&nbsp;(Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) capturados na área urbana do município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para a&nbsp;pesquisa de anticorpos anti-T. gondii foi utilizado o teste de aglutinação modificado (MAT) e foram consideradas positivas&nbsp;as amostras que apresentaram título &gt; 5. Das 100 amostras de soro analisadas, 80 (80%) foram reagentes. Esses resultados&nbsp;demonstram que P. domesticus, por ser amplamente distribuído em todo país, pode desempenhar um papel importante&nbsp;na cadeia epidemiológica de T. gondii, podendo atuar como fonte de infecção para felinos domésticos e silvestres. | The objective of this study was to detect the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum samples from 100 sparrows (Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) that were caught in an urban area in southern Brazil. The modified agglutination test (MAT) was used to investigate anti-T. gondii antibodies and samples with a cut-off dilution &gt; 5 were considered positive. Among the 100 serum samples analyzed, 80 (80%) were reactive. These results demonstrate that P. domesticus may play an important role in the epidemiological chain of T. gondii, since it is widely distributed throughout Brazil, and it may act as a source of infection to domestic, semi-domestic cats and to free-living wild felids.

Mineralization of the anatomical structures involved in the limb movement of horses has been reported to induce lameness and interfere with athletic performance. A 4-year-old jumping horse in sport activity was reported at Veterinary Hospital of University of São Paulo, with mild lameness and a mineralized oblique distal sesamoidean ligament (ODSL) of the left forelimb, revealed by a purchase radiographic and ultrasound examination. Mineralization is more common in tendons than ligaments. This report calls for attention to these structures when performing image exams, even in mild lameness. Long-term favorable follow-up by ultrasonographic and radiographic examination showed that the severe ligament injury in this case did not decrease the athletic activity until the present day.

A mineralização de estruturas anatômicas envolvidas na movimentação dos membros predispõe à claudicação e interfere&nbsp;no desempenho atlético. Foi admitido no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da&nbsp;USP-SP um equino macho, da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo, com quatro anos de idade e histórico de claudicação leve e&nbsp;ligamento sesamoideo oblíquo distal mineralizado do membro torácico esquerdo, diagnosticado por exame de compra.&nbsp;A mineralização apresenta alta incidência em tendões, sendo em menor proporção nos ligamentos. Esse relato visa&nbsp;atentar à essas estruturas ao se realizar exames rotineiros de imagem, apesar de claudicação leve. O acompanhamento&nbsp;a longo prazo por ultrassonografia e radiografia mostrou que lesões graves de ligamentos, como no presente caso, não&nbsp;diminuíram a atividade atlética até o momento. | Mineralization of the anatomical structures involved in the limb movement of horses has been reported to induce&nbsp;lameness and interfere with athletic performance. A 4-year-old jumping horse in sport activity was reported at Veterinary&nbsp;Hospital of University of São Paulo, with mild lameness and a mineralized oblique distal sesamoidean ligament (ODSL)&nbsp;of the left forelimb, revealed by a purchase radiographic and ultrasound examination. Mineralization is more common&nbsp;in tendons than ligaments. This report calls for attention to these structures when performing image exams, even in mild&nbsp;lameness. Long-term favorable follow-up by ultrasonographic and radiographic examination showed that the severe&nbsp;ligament injury in this case did not decrease the athletic activity until the present day.&nbsp;