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OvSynch protocol and its modifications in the reproduction management of dairy cattle herds – an update النص الكامل
2017
Nowicki Arkadiusz | Barański Wojciech | Baryczka Agnieszka | Janowski Tomasz
Current knowledge about the function of the reproductive tract and appropriate use of hormonal drugs affords control of the oestrus cycle of cows. One of the hormonal protocols is OvSynch, which enables artificial insemination (AI) to be performed at the precise optimum time without control of the ovaries and uterus. Use of such protocols in reproductive management allows oestrus cycles to be synchronised and cows to be effectively inseminated without oestrous detection, which is time-consuming and difficult in farms with numerous cows. Therefore, OvSynch has become the first management tool for AI and is an alternative method to heat detection. Over the 20 years since its first implementation, OvSynch has been modified many times to improve its reproduction outcomes and widen its use. Besides its original use for heat synchronisation, it is also used in many ovarian disorders as a therapeutic method. This review article describes the possibilities which OvSynch provides, its current modifications, various applications, and the advantages and disadvantages of its use in practice.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Ejaculate traits and sperm morphology depending on ejaculate volume in Duroc boars النص الكامل
2017
Górski Krzysztof | Kondracki Stanisław | Wysokińska Anna
Ejaculate traits and sperm morphology depending on ejaculate volume in Duroc boars النص الكامل
2017
Górski Krzysztof | Kondracki Stanisław | Wysokińska Anna
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dependence between ejaculate traits, sperm morphology, and ejaculate volume in Duroc boars.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Ejaculate traits and sperm morphology depending on ejaculate volume in Duroc boars النص الكامل
2017
Górski, Krzysztof | Kondracki, Stanisław | Wysokińska, Anna
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dependence between ejaculate traits, sperm morphology, and ejaculate volume in Duroc boars. Material and Methods: The analysis involved 121 ejaculates collected from 12 Duroc boars kept in three artificial insemination centres located in central Poland. Ejaculates were collected manually at one-month intervals, over a period of 10 months. At least 10 ejaculates were collected from each boar. The material was divided by ejaculate volume and each ejaculate was assigned to one of three volume groups: 160 mL and lower, 161–200 mL, and 201 mL and higher. The ejaculates were assessed to identify the basic physical traits and determine the incidence of morphological abnormalities in the spermatozoa, specifying major and minor abnormalities. Furthermore, the morphological structure indices for the spermatozoa were also calculated. Results: In large-volume ejaculates, spermatozoa were more elongated in shape, their heads were more elongated and had the largest flagella. With an increase in the ejaculate volume, sperm concentration in the ejaculate decreased. Moreover, while the total number of sperm in the ejaculate increased, the number of insemination doses obtained from a single ejaculate were higher. Conclusion: The volume of ejaculate has little impact on the occurrence of morphological abnormalities and the size of sperm cells. Ejaculate volume is important for the shape of the sperm cells.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Prevalence of the main infectious causes of abortion in dairy cattle in Algeria النص الكامل
2017
Derdour Salima-Yamina | Hafsi Fella | Azzag Naouelle | Tennah Safia | Laamari Abdelouahab | China Bernard | Ghalmi Farida
Prevalence of the main infectious causes of abortion in dairy cattle in Algeria النص الكامل
2017
Derdour Salima-Yamina | Hafsi Fella | Azzag Naouelle | Tennah Safia | Laamari Abdelouahab | China Bernard | Ghalmi Farida
Introduction: Abortion in cattle is a major source of economic losses for the agriculture sector. It can be due to infectious or non-infectious factors. Among infectious factors, parasites, bacteria, viruses, and fungi can be involved. The present work investigated the prevalence of the main infectious agents of abortion in Algerian cattle. Material and Methods: Altogether 278 non-aborting and 82 aborting cows were analysed. Results: The prevalence ranged from 0% for Tritrichomonas foetus to 15% for Neospora caninum. Additionally, a case-control study was performed to find the association between the presence of the pathogens and the occurrence of abortion in cows. The odds ratios were significant for Neospora caninum, bovine herpes virus 4, BVD virus, Brucella abortus, Salmonella Dublin, Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo, and Coxiella burnetii. Conclusions: The pathogens enumerated here could be major causes of abortion among Algerian cattle.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Prevalence of the main infectious causes of abortion in dairy cattle in Algeria النص الكامل
2017
Derdour, Salima-Yamina | Hafsi, Fella | Azzag, Naouelle | Tennah, Safia | Laamari, Abdelouahab | China, Bernard | Ghalmi, Farida
Introduction: Abortion in cattle is a major source of economic losses for the agriculture sector. It can be due to infectious or non-infectious factors. Among infectious factors, parasites, bacteria, viruses, and fungi can be involved. The present work investigated the prevalence of the main infectious agents of abortion in Algerian cattle. Material and Methods: Altogether 278 non-aborting and 82 aborting cows were analysed. Results: The prevalence ranged from 0% for Tritrichomonas foetus to 15% for Neospora caninum. Additionally, a case-control study was performed to find the association between the presence of the pathogens and the occurrence of abortion in cows. The odds ratios were significant for Neospora caninum, bovine herpes virus 4, BVD virus, Brucella abortus, Salmonella Dublin, Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo, and Coxiella burnetii. Conclusions: The pathogens enumerated here could be major causes of abortion among Algerian cattle.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]African swine fever (ASF) and ticks. No risk of tick-mediated ASF spread in Poland and Baltic states النص الكامل
2017
Frant Maciej | Woźniakowski Grzegorz | Pejsak Zygmunt
African swine fever (ASF) and ticks. No risk of tick-mediated ASF spread in Poland and Baltic states النص الكامل
2017
Frant Maciej | Woźniakowski Grzegorz | Pejsak Zygmunt
Infectious diseases of swine, particularly zoonoses, have had a significant influence on nutritional safety and availability of pig meat as high-energy protein product since the time that pigs were domesticated back in the 7th century BC. The main sources of swine infectious diseases include the so-called primary sources (direct infection, i.e. through contact with infected and sick animals) and secondary sources (contaminated meat products, slaughter products, and vectors, including ticks). At present, the most serious epidemiological and economic threat to swine breeding in Europe is African swine fever (ASF). This disease, originally coming from Africa, is incurable and causes death of infected pigs and wild boars during 7−10 days after infection. Among the various factors that influence the spread of ASF, important role is played by ticks from the genus Ornithodoros, mainly from the species Ornithodoros moubata. Research on the ASF indicates that other species of ticks can also transmit the virus to healthy pigs in laboratory conditions. Sylvatic and domestic cycles of ASF virus transmission, which have been described so far, require further studies and updating in order to point the potential new vectors in the Caucasus and Eastern Europe affected by the ASF. Effective methods of control and biosecurity may significantly slow down the spread of ASF, which undoubtedly is a major threat to world pig production and international swine trade.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]African swine fever (ASF) and ticks. No risk of tick-mediated ASF spread in Poland and Baltic states النص الكامل
2017
Frant, Maciej | Woźniakowski, Grzegorz | Pejsak, Zygmunt
Infectious diseases of swine, particularly zoonoses, have had a significant influence on nutritional safety and availability of pig meat as high-energy protein product since the time that pigs were domesticated back in the 7ᵗʰ century BC. The main sources of swine infectious diseases include the so-called primary sources (direct infection, i.e. through contact with infected and sick animals) and secondary sources (contaminated meat products, slaughter products, and vectors, including ticks). At present, the most serious epidemiological and economic threat to swine breeding in Europe is African swine fever (ASF). This disease, originally coming from Africa, is incurable and causes death of infected pigs and wild boars during 7−10 days after infection. Among the various factors that influence the spread of ASF, important role is played by ticks from the genus Ornithodoros, mainly from the species Ornithodoros moubata. Research on the ASF indicates that other species of ticks can also transmit the virus to healthy pigs in laboratory conditions. Sylvatic and domestic cycles of ASF virus transmission, which have been described so far, require further studies and updating in order to point the potential new vectors in the Caucasus and Eastern Europe affected by the ASF. Effective methods of control and biosecurity may significantly slow down the spread of ASF, which undoubtedly is a major threat to world pig production and international swine trade.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Selenium, copper, and zinc concentrations in the raw and processed meat of edible land snails harvested in Poland النص الكامل
2017
Drozd Łukasz | Ziomek Monika | Szkucik Krzysztof | Paszkiewicz Waldemar | Maćkowiak-Dryka Monika | Bełkot Zbigniew | Gondek Michał
Selenium, copper, and zinc concentrations in the raw and processed meat of edible land snails harvested in Poland النص الكامل
2017
Drozd Łukasz | Ziomek Monika | Szkucik Krzysztof | Paszkiewicz Waldemar | Maćkowiak-Dryka Monika | Bełkot Zbigniew | Gondek Michał
Introduction: The objective of the present research was to carry out a comparative assessment of copper, zinc, and selenium concentrations in the meat of edible land snails collected in Poland (Helix pomatia, Cornu aspersum maxima, and Cornu aspersum aspersum), as well as to determine the effect of preliminary processing of Roman snails (Helix pomatia) on the content of the aforementioned elements. Material and Methods: In the first stage, determinations were made on unprocessed snail meat. In the second stage, the study focused on Roman snails and consisted in an additional evaluation of frozen meat after full processing. Zinc and copper contents were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and the selenium content was established by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The selenium content differed significantly among all three species. The copper content in Roman snails differed significantly from that in farmed snails. No significant difference in the zinc level was noted among the three snail species. The selenium content in raw and processed meat of Roman snails did not show any significant difference while the copper and zinc level was significantly higher in processed meat samples. Conclusion: The present research on the meat of edible snails showed different levels of selenium, copper, and zinc, depending on the species, collection site, and subjection to processing.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Selenium, copper, and zinc concentrations in the raw and processed meat of edible land snails harvested in Poland النص الكامل
2017
Drozd, Łukasz | Ziomek, Monika | Szkucik, Krzysztof | Paszkiewicz, Waldemar | Maćkowiak-Dryka, Monika | Bełkot, Zbigniew | Gondek, Michał
Introduction: The objective of the present research was to carry out a comparative assessment of copper, zinc, and selenium concentrations in the meat of edible land snails collected in Poland (Helix pomatia, Cornu aspersum maxima, and Cornu aspersum aspersum), as well as to determine the effect of preliminary processing of Roman snails (Helix pomatia) on the content of the aforementioned elements. Material and Methods: In the first stage, determinations were made on unprocessed snail meat. In the second stage, the study focused on Roman snails and consisted in an additional evaluation of frozen meat after full processing. Zinc and copper contents were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and the selenium content was established by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The selenium content differed significantly among all three species. The copper content in Roman snails differed significantly from that in farmed snails. No significant difference in the zinc level was noted among the three snail species. The selenium content in raw and processed meat of Roman snails did not show any significant difference while the copper and zinc level was significantly higher in processed meat samples. Conclusion: The present research on the meat of edible snails showed different levels of selenium, copper, and zinc, depending on the species, collection site, and subjection to processing.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Correlation between endoscopic and histopathological findings in dogs with chronic gastritis النص الكامل
2017
Çolakoğlu Ekrem Ç. | Börkü Kazım | Haydardedeoğlu Ali E. | Alihosseini Hadi | Şenel Oytun O. | Yumuşak Nihat | Özen Doğukan | Baş Bülent | Uğurlu Levent
Correlation between endoscopic and histopathological findings in dogs with chronic gastritis النص الكامل
2017
Çolakoğlu Ekrem Ç. | Börkü Kazım | Haydardedeoğlu Ali E. | Alihosseini Hadi | Şenel Oytun O. | Yumuşak Nihat | Özen Doğukan | Baş Bülent | Uğurlu Levent
Introduction: Chronic gastritis is a common diagnosis in dogs with signs of chronic vomiting. However, there is no data concerning endoscopic and histopathological agreement in dogs with chronic gastritis. Thus, a question should be raised whether taking gastroduodenal biopsies in dogs with chronic gastritis is necessary or not. Consequently, the purpose of the study was to compare the endoscopic and histopathological agreement in dogs with chronic gastritis. Material and Methods: A total of 22 non-pregnant client-owned dogs with the signs of chronic gastritis were enrolled in this prospective study. Procedures including clinical examination, blood analysis, and diagnostic imaging were performed before anaesthesia. Biopsies obtained from gastroduodenal sites were histopathologically evaluated. A total of 110 gastroduodenal samples were examined. Results: Sixtyeight samples had abnormal histopathology and endoscopy while 11 showed normal histopathological and endoscopic evidence. Conclusion: The obtained data demonstrated that it is not necessary to take extra gastroduodenal biopsies in dogs with evidence of endoscopic gastroduodenitis. We also believe that further prospective studies, including cost and time effectiveness and more specific comparison between endoscopic appearance and histopathology, are necessary to make final recommendations regarding the need of using both procedures for definitive diagnosis.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Correlation between endoscopic and histopathological findings in dogs with chronic gastritis النص الكامل
2017
Çolakoğlu, Ekrem Ç | Börkü, Kazım | Haydardedeoğlu, Ali E. | Alihosseini, Hadi | Şenel, Oytun O. | Yumuşak, Nihat | Özen, Doğukan | Baş, Bülent | Uğurlu, Levent
Introduction: Chronic gastritis is a common diagnosis in dogs with signs of chronic vomiting. However, there is no data concerning endoscopic and histopathological agreement in dogs with chronic gastritis. Thus, a question should be raised whether taking gastroduodenal biopsies in dogs with chronic gastritis is necessary or not. Consequently, the purpose of the study was to compare the endoscopic and histopathological agreement in dogs with chronic gastritis. Material and Methods: A total of 22 non-pregnant client-owned dogs with the signs of chronic gastritis were enrolled in this prospective study. Procedures including clinical examination, blood analysis, and diagnostic imaging were performed before anaesthesia. Biopsies obtained from gastroduodenal sites were histopathologically evaluated. A total of 110 gastroduodenal samples were examined. Results: Sixtyeight samples had abnormal histopathology and endoscopy while 11 showed normal histopathological and endoscopic evidence. Conclusion: The obtained data demonstrated that it is not necessary to take extra gastroduodenal biopsies in dogs with evidence of endoscopic gastroduodenitis. We also believe that further prospective studies, including cost and time effectiveness and more specific comparison between endoscopic appearance and histopathology, are necessary to make final recommendations regarding the need of using both procedures for definitive diagnosis.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Poultry in Poland as Chlamydiaceae carrier النص الكامل
2017
Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika | Mitura Agata | Zaręba Kinga | Schnee Christiane | Koncicki Andrzej | Niemczuk Krzysztof
Poultry in Poland as Chlamydiaceae carrier النص الكامل
2017
Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika | Mitura Agata | Zaręba Kinga | Schnee Christiane | Koncicki Andrzej | Niemczuk Krzysztof
Introduction: The study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Chlamydia spp. in poultry in Poland and estimate possible transmission to humans.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Poultry in Poland as Chlamydiaceae carrier النص الكامل
2017
Szymańska-Czerwińska, M. | Mitura, A. | Zaręba, K. | Schnee, Christiane | Koncicki, A. | Niemczuk, K.
Introduction: The study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Chlamydia spp. in poultry in Poland and estimate possible transmission to humans. Material and Methods: Molecular diagnostic methods followed by sequencing and strain isolation were used on cloacal/faecal swabs collected from 182 apparently healthy poultry flocks including chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese. Serum samples obtained from people exposed (study group) and non-exposed (control group) to birds were tested by complement fixation test to acquire data on Chlamydia spp. antibody level. Results: Overall, 15.9% of the tested flocks were Chlamydiaceae-positive and three Chlamydia spp. were identified. Predominant chlamydial agent found was C. gallinacea occurring in 65.5% of all positive poultry flocks and in 73.0% of positive chicken flocks. The sequences from four chicken flocks were assigned to C. abortus, whereas C. psittaci was confirmed in one duck and one goose flock. The analysis of ompA variable domains revealed at least nine genetic variants of C. gallinacea. Chlamydial antibodies were detected in 19.2% of human serum samples in the study group in comparison with 10.8% in the controls. Conclusion: The obtained results confirm that chlamydiae are common among chicken flocks in Poland with C. gallinacea as a dominant species. Moreover, the presence of C. abortus in chickens is reported here for the first time. Further investigation should focus on possible zoonotic transmission of C. gallinacea and C. abortus as well as potential pathogenic effects on birds’ health and poultry production.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Prevalence of antibodies to Aujeszky’s disease virus in wild boar in Poland, between 2011 and 2014: a retrospective study النص الكامل
2017
Lipowski Andrzej | Szczotka-Bochniarz Anna | Pejsak Zygmunt
Prevalence of antibodies to Aujeszky’s disease virus in wild boar in Poland, between 2011 and 2014: a retrospective study النص الكامل
2017
Lipowski Andrzej | Szczotka-Bochniarz Anna | Pejsak Zygmunt
Introduction: Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) infects a wide range of animals, including members of the Suidae family, i.e. domestic and wild pigs, as well as wild boar. Since wild boar are a potential ADV reservoir and a source of infection for domestic pigs, the aim of the study was to evaluate ADV antibody prevalence in the Polish wild boar population, during the years 2011 to 2014.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Prevalence of antibodies to Aujeszky’s disease virus in wild boar in Poland, between 2011 and 2014: a retrospective study النص الكامل
2017
Lipowski, Andrzej | Szczotka-Bochniarz, Anna | Pejsak, Zygmunt
Introduction: Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) infects a wide range of animals, including members of the Suidae family, i.e. domestic and wild pigs, as well as wild boar. Since wild boar are a potential ADV reservoir and a source of infection for domestic pigs, the aim of the study was to evaluate ADV antibody prevalence in the Polish wild boar population, during the years 2011 to 2014. Material and Methods: Wild boar blood samples were collected during three consecutive hunting seasons; i.e. 2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014, and tested for ADV antibodies by ELISA. Results: ADV antibodies were detected in samples from all tested voivodships. The average seroprevalence reached 32.2%. Seroprevalence, over the examined hunting seasons, was 27.4% in 2011/2012, 32.4% in 2012/2013, and 35.5% in 2013/2014. The highest percentage of seroreagents was detected in four voivodships, situated along the western border of Poland, i.e. Zachodnio-Pomorskie (ZP), Lubuskie (LB), Dolnośląskie (DS), and Opolskie (OP). This area is positively correlated with the highest density of the wild boar population and the highest wild boar hunting bag. Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that the wild boar population may still pose a threat to domestic pigs, which is of special importance at the final stage of Aujeszky’s disease eradication programme in Poland.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Modelling the growth rate of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked ham stored at different temperatures النص الكامل
2017
Szczawiński Jacek | Szczawińska Małgorzata Ewa | Łobacz Adriana | Tracz Michał | Jackowska-Tracz Agnieszka
Modelling the growth rate of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked ham stored at different temperatures النص الكامل
2017
Szczawiński Jacek | Szczawińska Małgorzata Ewa | Łobacz Adriana | Tracz Michał | Jackowska-Tracz Agnieszka
Introduction: The purpose of the study was to determine and model the growth rates of L. monocytogenes in cooked cured ham stored at various temperatures.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Modelling the growth rate of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked ham stored at different temperatures النص الكامل
2017
Szczawiński, Jacek | Szczawińska, Małgorzata Ewa | Łobacz, Adriana | Tracz, Michał | Jackowska-Tracz, Agnieszka
Introduction: The purpose of the study was to determine and model the growth rates of L. monocytogenes in cooked cured ham stored at various temperatures. Material and Methods: Samples of cured ham were artificially contaminated with a mixture of three L. monocytogenes strains and stored at 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15°C for 16 days. The number of listeriae was determined after 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14, and 16 days. A series of decimal dilutions were prepared from each sample and plated onto ALOA agar, after which the plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 h under aerobic conditions. The bacterial counts were logarithmised and analysed statistically. Five repetitions of the experiment were performed. Results: Both storage temperature and time were found to significantly influence the growth rate of listeriae (P < 0.01). The test bacteria growth curves were fitted to three primary models: the Gompertz, Baranyi, and logistic. The mean square error (MSE) and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) were calculated to evaluate the goodness of fit. It transpired that the logistic model fit the experimental data best. The natural logarithms of L. monocytogenes’ mean growth rates from this model were fitted to two secondary models: the square root and polynomial. Conclusion: Modelling in both secondary types can predict the growth rates of L. monocytogenes in cooked cured ham stored at each studied temperature, but mathematical validation showed the polynomial model to be more accurate.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Prevalence of C. botulinum and C. perfringens spores in food products available on Polish market النص الكامل
2017
Grenda Tomasz | Grabczak Magdalena | Kwiatek Krzysztof | Bober Andrzej
Prevalence of C. botulinum and C. perfringens spores in food products available on Polish market النص الكامل
2017
Grenda Tomasz | Grabczak Magdalena | Kwiatek Krzysztof | Bober Andrzej
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens in food samples purchased from Polish producers. Material and Methods: The analyses were performed on 260 food samples collected in Lublin and Subcarpathian regions: 56 of smoked meat, 21 of pork meat, 20 of dairy products, 26 of vegetable and fruit preserves, 40 of ready-to-eat meals, 27 of fish preserves, and 70 of honey collected directly from apiaries. Results: C. botulinum strains were isolated from 2.3% (6/260) of samples and the isolates were classified as toxin types A (4/260) and B (2/260). C. perfringens strains were isolated from 14% (37/260) of samples. All the isolates were classified as toxin type A, 28 of them were able also to produce α toxin and 9 - β2 toxin. Conclusion: On the basis of the obtained results it could be suggested that risk assessment, especially regarding the entire honey harvesting process, should be provided in order to ensure the microbiological safety of the products to be consumed by infants and people with a weakened immune system.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Prevalence of C. botulinum and C. perfringens spores in food products available on Polish market النص الكامل
2017
Grenda, Tomasz | Grabczak, Magdalena | Kwiatek, Krzysztof | Bober, Andrzej
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens in food samples purchased from Polish producers. Material and Methods: The analyses were performed on 260 food samples collected in Lublin and Subcarpathian regions: 56 of smoked meat, 21 of pork meat, 20 of dairy products, 26 of vegetable and fruit preserves, 40 of ready-to-eat meals, 27 of fish preserves, and 70 of honey collected directly from apiaries. Results: C. botulinum strains were isolated from 2.3% (6/260) of samples and the isolates were classified as toxin types A (4/260) and B (2/260). C. perfringens strains were isolated from 14% (37/260) of samples. All the isolates were classified as toxin type A, 28 of them were able also to produce α toxin and 9 - β2 toxin. Conclusion: On the basis of the obtained results it could be suggested that risk assessment, especially regarding the entire honey harvesting process, should be provided in order to ensure the microbiological safety of the products to be consumed by infants and people with a weakened immune system.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]