Candidiasis is a mycosis caused by the mycelial yeast of the Candida genus which is opportunistic pathogen of humans, animals, and birds. Under some conditions such as prolonged antibiotic therapy, overcrowding, and immunosuppression, the opportunistic Candida can cause disease. Chicken candidiasis is sporadically occurred and characterized by unsatisfactory growth, listlessness, roughness of feathers, and death. A case of 23 weeks old layer with history of increased mortality and anemia was submitted to our Lab. At necropsy, the characteristic lesions were observed in the crop and proventriculus. The whitish pseudomembrane, that are peeled easily, was found in the crop. Proventriculus was swollen and the mucosa was covered with hemorrhagic exudate. The histological changes of the affected crop are epithelial hyperplasia, hydropic degeneration, and mycelia formation. Smears made from the necrotic mucosal surfaces of the crop revealed the presence of large number of yeast cells and mycelia. Pure cultures of yeast colonies were obtained from the potato dextrose agar. The yeast cells were identified as Candida albicans by gene sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of candidiasis in chickens with anemia in Korea.

The present study concerned with Listeria monocytogenes which were isolated from apparently healthy buffaloes, buffaloes suffered from abortion, bedding and silage, which were collected from different localities. From the total examined samples (375), (300 samples from apparently healthy buffaloes, bedding and silage, also 75 samples from buffaloes suffered from abortion , bedding and silage) the prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 11(14.7%), isolates from buffaloes suffered from abortion, bedding and silage. All isolates were motile at room temperature, also exhibited positive CAMP test and exhibited narrow zone of β-hemolysis. Serological identification of isolates revealed 6(54.5%) were serotype 4 while 5(45.5%) were untyped. There were differences in isolates susceptibilities to different anti-microbial agents. L. monocytogenes had 100% sensitivity to Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline and ceftiofur sodium. Virulence of isolates was assayed by I/P inoculation of 109 CFU in mice, all inoculated mice died within 1-5 days. PCR assay for L. monocytogenes isolates revealed positive amplification of 827 bp fragment of act A gene.

This study was carried out to evaluate the immunomodulating effects of, inactivated cells of Propionibacterium acnes and cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the a pathogenic E. coli (INMUNAIR® 17.5) 0.5ml/ L and 1-3, 1-6 β-glucans (BETAPOLO®) 1 ml / L on the immune response of chickens to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. The results showed that administration of IMR before vaccination was resulted in food conversion rate (FCR) higher than after vaccination . Significantly higher NDV HI antibody titers in IMR and Betapolo medicated groups as compared with control groups which in turn induce high protection rate in challenge test .Thymus, spleen and bursal indices of control negative showed significantly lower values than vaccinated medicated and non- vaccinatedmedicated groups (P≤ 0.05).

The present study was designed to determine the effect of the antioxidants; taurine, ascorbic acid '' AA '' and beta-mercaptoethanol '' β-ME '' separately or in combination, on reproductive performance of adult male rats suffering from cadmium chloride "CdCl2" - induced oxidative stress. A total of 180 mature male Albino rats were equally divided into 9 groups; the rats of the 1st were administered distilled water while those of the 2nd group were administered 1/100 LD50 of CdCl2. Rats of the remaining groups were administered 1/100 LD50 of CdCl2 followed 3 days later by 1 / 50 LD50 of either taurine, AA and β-ME or a combination of AA and taurine, AA or β-ME, taurine and β-ME as well as AA, taurine and β-ME, respectively for 2 successive months. The results revealed that application of CdCl2 for 8 successive weeks decreased pituitary and serum levels of gonadotropins (gametogenic hormone”FSH” and interstitial cell stimulating hormone “ICSH”) as well as serum testosterone “T” level, altered semen quality, and decreased serum level of total antioxidant capacity with increased serum malondialdhyde "MDA" level. On the other side, application of different antioxidants to CdCl2 –induced oxidative stress increased pituitary and serum levels of gonadotropins and serum level of T as well as improved semen quality, increased serum level of total antioxidant capacity and decreased serum level of MDA. In addition, the best improvement in male reproductive performance was achieved after administration of AA and taurine separately or in combination while the least improvement was obtained when β-ME was applied alone.

A total of 90 one-day-old male broiler chicks were fed on balanced ration for 15 days and then divided into 3 equal groups. Control group fed ration probiotic free, group 2 and 3 fed ration supplemented with probiotic at concentration levels 0.5 and 1.0g/kg ration respectively for 4 weeks.It was found that probiotic improve body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Relative organs weights were not altered in groups of birds fed ration mixed with probiotic. Serum values of biochemical parameter (AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, A/G ratio, Ph) were not significantly changed in comparison to control group. Probiotic enhance the immune response of broiler chickens in a dose dependent relation as documented by increasing the serumNDHI antibody geometric mean titres to ND vaccine, phagocyte percentage and phagocytic index of peripheral blood monocyte of broiler chickens. We concluded that probiotic composed of 3 strains of bacteria (Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococaoccus pentosaceus and Bacillus Amylolique- faciens) in addition to 2 strains of yeast( Pichia farinose and Dekera anomala ) enhance body weight gain, feed conversion, growth performance and Newcastle disease antibody titres in broiler chickens. Moreover, probiotic was safe as proved by serum biochemical profile and relative organ weight of male broiler chickens.

Investigation of antibacterial activity of flavonoids extract of Cucurbita pepo was carried out in this study on Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria. The results exhibited variable susceptibilities of microorganism for different concentrations of flavonoids extract. The activity of this extract was associated with high concentration. Using plate methods, flavonoids extract of Cucurbita pepo had the highest effect and wide diameter of growth inhibition zones against serratia and Escherichia coli and it has no effect on growth of Bulkholderia pseudomallia

In this study a total of 928 Holstein cows daughters of 33 sires bred at Al-Naser Dairy Cow Station (60 km south of Baghdad) were used to appraisal the final score for the 14 linear type traits: rear udder height (RERUDHIH), teat length (TETLENGT), strength(STRENGTH), dairy form (DAIRYFOM), rump angle (RUMPANGL), body depth (BODYDEP), fore udder attachment (FORUDER), teat placement (TETPLACM), udder depth (UDERDEPT), udder suspension (UDERSUSP), rear udder width (RERUDWID), rear leg set (RLSET), foot angle (FOTANGLE) and rump width (RUMPWIDT). Heritability of type traits ranged from 0.080 to nearly one, and different methods did not exhibit high variability in heritability estimates for each trait. Age showed significant affect on BODYDEPT and TETPLACEM. Day in milk showed significant effect on TETLENGT, STRENGTH and UDDERDEPT. The genetic correlation among type traits ranged from -0.724 to 0.904. It was positive and high between milk yield and RERUDERWIDT, RUMPANGL and TETLENGT. However, milk yield negatively correlated with UDERDEPT and RLSET. The breeding values for sires in deferent traits ranged from -7.656 to 8.868, and showed a high variability among sires for each trait in this study

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli was isolated from 56 dog fecal sample (69.14%) out of 81 collected samples. The antibacterial activity of E. coli isolate was primarily and secondarily screened on sold and liquid media. The results of primary screening showed that 56 isolates had antibacterial activity against tested gram positive and negative standard strains. By secondary screening E. coli isolate was able to produce antimicrobial agent in fermentation media at different incubation conditions, but larger amount of produced antimicrobial agent was obtained at 37Co, 24h, 180rpm by used seed and fermentation media. Different methods were used to determine the purity and to characterize the produced antimicrobial agent physically, chemically and biologically. The results of purity test revealed that the produced antimicrobial agent appeared as pure compound with only one spot in paper chromatography. The result of physical, chemical and biological characterization showed that the produced antimicrobial agent was peptide material with low toxicity 2350mgkg body weight.

This study was carried out juveniles common carp, Cyprinus carpio to determined the effect of (WSF) of crude oil on blood glucose and hemoglobin of blood values and glycogen of liver and muscles exposed to sub lethal effects for using different concentration. Study showed lower levels of blood hemoglobin and glycogen of liver and muscles, while blood glucose values have risen when exposed to concentrations of crude oil used.