Purpose. To reveal the scientific bases of forming the conveyor production of commercial products of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., varieties in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field research was conducted during 2015–2017 at the research field of the Department of Horticulture and Vegetable Growing of the Lviv National Agrarian University in accordance with the Methodology on Experimental Techniques in Vegetable and Melon Growing (2001) and Methods of Expertise of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., varieties. Results. It is revealed that the soil and climatic conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine contri­bute to the optimal growth and development of all lettuce varieties of the corresponding types, as evidenced by the structure of conveyor receipt of fresh commodity products to the consumer (first decade of April – first decade of November). The shortest growing season was provided by lettuce varieties var. secalina ‘Zorepad, ‘Malakhit, ‘Dublianskyi’, which have the shortest period from seedlings to technical ripeness (21–42 days). Therefore, varieties of this variation occupy the lar­gest share in the conveyor production of commercial products, which, with early spring sowing in open ground (April 14–20), comes to the consumer in the first decade of May. Winter sowing (21.11) ensured the receipt of fresh produce in the first decade of April. Commercial products by mass of edible organs, shape of the rosette of leaves (heads, stems), color, consistency and taste qualities corresponds to the technical requirements for Lactuca sativa L. Conclusions. The selection of varieties of lettuce for the conveyor production of commercial products should be carried out taking into account the variety of the corresponding type, ripeness group, and timing of sowing. The receipt of fresh lettuce to the consumer is directly dependent on the timing of seeds sowing (early spring, late spring, summer-autumn and winter).

Purpose. To reveal the scientific bases of forming the conveyor production of commercial products of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., varieties in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field research was conducted during 2015–2017 at the research field of the Department of Horticulture and Vegetable Growing of the Lviv National Agrarian University in accordance with the Methodology on Experimental Techniques in Vegetable and Melon Growing (2001) and Methods of Expertise of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., varieties. Results. It is revealed that the soil and climatic conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine contri­bute to the optimal growth and development of all lettuce varieties of the corresponding types, as evidenced by the structure of conveyor receipt of fresh commodity products to the consumer (first decade of April – first decade of November). The shortest growing season was provided by lettuce varieties var. secalina ‘Zorepad, ‘Malakhit, ‘Dublianskyi’, which have the shortest period from seedlings to technical ripeness (21–42 days). Therefore, varieties of this variation occupy the lar­gest share in the conveyor production of commercial products, which, with early spring sowing in open ground (April 14–20), comes to the consumer in the first decade of May. Winter sowing (21.11) ensured the receipt of fresh produce in the first decade of April. Commercial products by mass of edible organs, shape of the rosette of leaves (heads, stems), color, consistency and taste qualities corresponds to the technical requirements for Lactuca sativa L. Conclusions. The selection of varieties of lettuce for the conveyor production of commercial products should be carried out taking into account the variety of the corresponding type, ripeness group, and timing of sowing. The receipt of fresh lettuce to the consumer is directly dependent on the timing of seeds sowing (early spring, late spring, summer-autumn and winter).

Цель. Раскрыть научные основы формирования конвейера производства товарной продукции сортов салата посевного Lactuca sativa L. в условиях Западной Лесостепи Украины. Методы. Полевые исследования проводили в течение 2015–2017 гг. на опытном поле кафедры садоводства и овощеводства Львовского национального аграрного университета в соответствии с Методикой исследовательского дела в овощеводстве и бахчеводстве (2001) и Методикой проведения экспертизы сортов салата посевного Lactuca sativa L. на отличимость, однородность и стабильность (2007). Результаты. Установлено, что почвенно-климатические условия Западной Лесостепи Украины способствуют оптимальному росту и развитию растений салата посевного всех разновидностей соответствующих типов о чем свидетельствует структура конвейерного поступления свежей товарной продукции к потребителю (первая декада апреля – первая декада ноября). Самый короткий период вегетации обеспечили сорта салата посевного var. secalina ‘Зорепад’, ‘Малахіт’, ‘Дублянський’, которые имеют самый короткий период от всходов до технической спелости – 21–42 суток. Сорта этой разновидности занимают наибольший удельный вес в конвейерном производстве товарной продукции, которая при ранневесенних сроках посева в открытую почву (14.04–20.04) уже в первой декаде мая поступает к потребителю. Посев под зиму (21.11) обеспечил поступление свежей продукции уже в первой декаде апреля. Товарная продукция по массе продуктовых органов, габитусе розетки листьев (головки, стеблей), окрас­ке, консистенции и вкусовым качествам соответствует техническим требованиям к товарной продукции Lactuca sativa L. Выводы. Подбор сортов салата посевного для конвейерного производства товарной продукции необходимо проводить с учетом разновидности соответствующего типа, группы спелости, сроков посева. Поступление свежей товарной продукции салата посевного к потребителю находится в прямой зависимости от сроков посева семян (ранневесенний, поздневесенний, летне-осенний и под зиму). | Purpose. To reveal the scientific bases of forming the conveyor production of commercial products of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., varieties in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.Methods. Field research was conducted during 2015–2017 at the research field of the Department of Horticulture and Vegetable Growing of the Lviv National Agrarian University in accordance with the Methodology on Experimental Techniques in Vegetable and Melon Growing (2001) and Methods of Expertise of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., varieties.Results. It is revealed that the soil and climatic conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine contri­bute to the optimal growth and development of all lettuce varieties of the corresponding types, as evidenced by the structure of conveyor receipt of fresh commodity products to the consumer (first decade of April – first decade of November). The shortest growing season was provided by lettuce varieties var. secalina ‘Zorepad, ‘Malakhit, ‘Dublianskyi’, which have the shortest period from seedlings to technical ripeness (21–42 days). Therefore, varieties of this variation occupy the lar­gest share in the conveyor production of commercial products, which, with early spring sowing in open ground (April 14–20), comes to the consumer in the first decade of May. Winter sowing (21.11) ensured the receipt of fresh produce in the first decade of April. Commercial products by mass of edible organs, shape of the rosette of leaves (heads, stems), color, consistency and taste qualities corresponds to the technical requirements for Lactuca sativa L.Conclusions. The selection of varieties of lettuce for the conveyor production of commercial products should be carried out taking into account the variety of the corresponding type, ripeness group, and timing of sowing. The receipt of fresh lettuce to the consumer is directly dependent on the timing of seeds sowing (early spring, late spring, summer-autumn and winter). | Мета. Розкрити наукові основи формування конвеєру виробництва товарної продукції сортів салату посівного Lactuca sativa L. в умовах Західного Лісостепу України. Методи. Польові дослідження проводили впродовж 2015–2017 рр. на дослідному полі кафедри садівництва та овочівництва Львівського національного аграрного університету відповідно до Методики дослідної справи в овочівництві та баштанництві (2001) та Методики проведення експертизи сортів салату посівного Lactuca sativa L. на відмінність, однорідність і стабільність (2007). Результати. ґрунтово-кліматичні умови Західного Лісостепу України сприяють оптимальному росту й розвитку рослин салату посівного всіх різновидів відповідних типів, про що свідчить структура конвеєрного надходження свіжої товарної продукції до споживача (перша декада квітня – перша декада листопада). Найкоротший період вегетації забезпечили сорти салату посівного var. secalina ‘Зорепад’, ‘Малахіт’, ‘Дублянський’, які мають найкоротший період від сходів до технічної стиглості – 21–42 доби. Тому сорти цієї різновидності займають найбільшу питому частку в конвеєрному виробництві товарної продукції, яка за ранньовесняних строків сівби у відкритому ґрунті (14.04–20.04) вже в першій декаді травня надходить до споживача. Сівба під зиму (21.11) забезпечила надходження свіжої продукції вже в першій декаді квітня. Товарна продукція за масою продуктових органів, габітусом розетки листків (головки, стебла), забарвленням, консистенцією та смаковими якостями відповідає технічним вимогам до товарної продукції Lactuca sativa L. Висновки. Підбір сортів салату посівного для конвеєрного виробництва товарної продукції необхідно проводити з урахуванням різновидності відповідного типу, групи стиглості, строків сівби. Надходження свіжої товарної продукції салату посівного до споживача перебуває у прямій залежності від строків сівби насіння (ранньовесняний, пізньовесняний, літньо-осінній та під зиму).

Purpose. Estimate phenological and morphological characteristics of Miscanthus giganteus J. M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize, M. sacchariflorus (Maxim) Benth. and M. sinensis Anderss., obtained in vitro, and M. giganteus, propagated by rhizomimes (ex vitro) to attract them to the breeding process and create new forms of miscanthus for use in bioenergy. Methods. Seeds of M. sinensis, as well as M. sacchariflorus (2n), M. sacchariflorus (4n), introduced into culture and propagated in vitro according to commonly used methods (M. D. Melnychuk, A. Plazek et al.) were used in the studies. Phenological observations were carried out according to the methods of V. V. Zinchenko, M. V. Roik, D. B. Rakh­metov, and others. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out according to M. A. Shelamov and ot­hers. Results. M. sacchariflorus (2n) in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine does not enter into the flowering phase, whereas in M. sacchariflorus (4n) the flowering phase begins a month earlier than M. sinensis, which is an obstacle for transpollination of these species in the natural environment. M. giganteus, reproduced by rhizomes, in overwhelming majority of indicators (stem height and diameter, number of interstices and leaves, leaf area, length and width of cluster) dominate all species of mescanthus obtained in vitro. But the number of stems in the bush of M. sinensis is the highest (63 pcs.) and is almost 2–4 times higher than those of M. giganteus, obtained from risomes and in vitro. It has been revealed that the most promising forms for bioenergy use are M. sinensis, whose productivity is about 7 kg/m2 of green mass and M. giganteus, propagated by rhizomimes (ex vitro), where the mass of the aerial part is almost 9 kg/m2. But M. sacchariflorus (2n) and M. sacchariflorus (4n) should not be considered as promising species for use in bioenergy purposes, because their performance is very low compared to other species and is only 0.25 and 2.05 kg above ground mass from 1 m2. Conclusions. On the basis of the obtained data, the most promising forms of Miscanthus were established to attract them into the breeding process and to obtain new varieties with high biomass productivity for the needs of bioenergy.

Abstract Emerging fungal pathogens are a global challenge for humankind. Many efforts have been made to understand the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity in bacteria, and OMICs techniques are largely responsible for those advancements. By contrast, our limited understanding of opportunism and antifungal resistance is preventing us from identifying, limiting and interpreting the emergence of fungal pathogens. The genus Scedosporium (Microascaceae) includes fungi with high tolerance to environmental pollution, whilst some species can be considered major human pathogens, such as Scedosporium apiospermum and Scedosporium boydii. However, unlike other fungal pathogens, little is known about the genome evolution of these organisms. We sequenced two novel genomes of Scedosporium aurantiacum and Scedosporium minutisporum isolated from extreme, strongly anthropized environments. We compared all the available Scedosporium and Microascaceae genomes, that we systematically annotated and characterized ex novo in most cases. The genomes in this family were integrated in a Phylum-level comparison to infer the presence of putative, shared genomic traits in filamentous ascomycetes with pathogenic potential. The analysis included the genomes of 100 environmental and clinical fungi, revealing poor evolutionary convergence of putative pathogenicity traits. By contrast, several features in Microascaceae and Scedosporium were detected that might have a dual role in responding to environmental challenges and allowing colonization of the human body, including chitin, melanin and other cell wall related genes, proteases, glutaredoxins and magnesium transporters. We found these gene families to be impacted by expansions, orthologous transposon insertions, and point mutations. With RNA-seq, we demonstrated that most of these anciently impacted genomic features responded to the stress imposed by an antifungal compound (voriconazole) in the two environmental strains S. aurantiacum MUT6114 and S. minutisporum MUT6113. Therefore, the present genomics and transcriptomics investigation stands on the edge between stress resistance and pathogenic potential, to elucidate whether fungi were pre-adapted to infect humans. We highlight the strengths and limitations of genomics applied to opportunistic human pathogens, the multifactoriality of pathogenicity and resistance to drugs, and suggest a scenario where pressures other than anthropic contributed to forge filamentous human pathogens.

Purpose. Estimate phenological and morphological characteristics of Miscanthus giganteus J. M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize, M. sacchariflorus (Maxim) Benth. and M. sinensis Anderss., obtained in vitro, and M. giganteus, propagated by rhizomimes (ex vitro) to attract them to the breeding process and create new forms of miscanthus for use in bioenergy. Methods. Seeds of M. sinensis, as well as M. sacchariflorus (2n), M. sacchariflorus (4n), introduced into culture and propagated in vitro according to commonly used methods (M. D. Melnychuk, A. Plazek et al.) were used in the studies. Phenological observations were carried out according to the methods of V. V. Zinchenko, M. V. Roik, D. B. Rakh­metov, and others. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out according to M. A. Shelamov and ot­hers. Results. M. sacchariflorus (2n) in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine does not enter into the flowering phase, whereas in M. sacchariflorus (4n) the flowering phase begins a month earlier than M. sinensis, which is an obstacle for transpollination of these species in the natural environment. M. giganteus, reproduced by rhizomes, in overwhelming majority of indicators (stem height and diameter, number of interstices and leaves, leaf area, length and width of cluster) dominate all species of mescanthus obtained in vitro. But the number of stems in the bush of M. sinensis is the highest (63 pcs.) and is almost 2–4 times higher than those of M. giganteus, obtained from risomes and in vitro. It has been revealed that the most promising forms for bioenergy use are M. sinensis, whose productivity is about 7 kg/m2 of green mass and M. giganteus, propagated by rhizomimes (ex vitro), where the mass of the aerial part is almost 9 kg/m2. But M. sacchariflorus (2n) and M. sacchariflorus (4n) should not be considered as promising species for use in bioenergy purposes, because their performance is very low compared to other species and is only 0.25 and 2.05 kg above ground mass from 1 m2. Conclusions. On the basis of the obtained data, the most promising forms of Miscanthus were established to attract them into the breeding process and to obtain new varieties with high biomass productivity for the needs of bioenergy. | Цель. Оценить фенологические и морфологические характеристики растений мискантуса гигантского (Miscanthus giganteus J.M.Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize), мискантуса сахароцветного (M. sacchariflorus (Maxim) Benth.) и мискантуса китайского (M. sinensis Anderss.), полученных в культуре in vitro, и мискантуса гигантского, размноженного ризомами (ex vitro) для привлечения их в селекционный процесс и создания новых форм мискантуса для использования в биоэнергетике. Методы. В исследованиях использовали семена M. sinensis, а также M. sacchariflorus (2n), растения M. sacchariflorus (4n), введены в культуру и размножены в условиях in vitro по общепринятым методикам (М. Д. Мельничук и др., A. Plazek et al.). Фенологические наб­людения проводили по методикам В. А. Зинченко, М. В. Роика, Д. Б. Рахметова и др.; статистическую обработку полученных данных – по М. А. Шеламовой и др. Результаты. M. sacchariflorus (2n) в условиях Лесостепи Украины в фазу цветения не вступает, зато у M. sacchariflorus (4n) цветение начинается на месяц раньше, чем у M. sinensis, что является препятствием для переопыления этих видов в естественной среде. M. giganteus, размноженный ризомами, по подавляющиму большинству показателей (высота и диаметр стебля, количество междоузлий и листьев, площадь листьев, длина и ширина метелки) доминирует над всеми видами мискантуса, полученными в культуре in vitro. Однако количество стеб­лей в кусте у растений M. sinensis является наибольшим (63 шт.) и почти в 2–4 раза превышает показатели растений M. giganteus, полученных из ризом и в in vitro. Наиболее перспективными формами для использования в биоэнергетике является M. sinensis и размноженный ризомами (ex vitro) M. giganteus, урожайность зеленой массы которых составляла примерно 7 и 9 кг/м2 соответственно, тогда как M. sacchariflorus (2n) и M. sacchariflorus (4n) для этого непригодны, ведь формируют лишь 0,25 и 2,05 кг наземной массы с 1 м2. Выводы. На основе полученных данных установлены перспективные формы Miscanthus для привлечения их в селекционный процесс и получения новых сортов с высокой продуктивностью биомассы для нужд биоэнергетики. | Мета. Оцінити фенологічні та морфологічні характеристики рослин міскантусу гігантського (Miscanthus giganteus J.M.Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize), міскантусу цукроквіткового (M. sacchariflorus (Maxim) Benth.) та міскантусу китайського (M. sinensis Anderss.), отриманих у культурі in vitro, та міскантусу гігантського, розмноженого ризомами (ex vitro) для залучення їх у селекційний процес і створення нових форм міскантусу для використання в біоенергетиці. Методи. У дослідженнях використовували насіння M. sinensis, а також M. sacchariflorus (2n), рослини M. sacchariflorus (4n), уведені в культуру та розмножені в умовах in vitro за загальноприйнятими методиками (М. Д. Мельничук, A. Plazek та ін.). Фенологічні спостереження проводили за методиками В. О. Зінченко, М. В. Роїка, Д. Б. Рахметова та ін.; статистичну обробку отриманих даних – за М. А. Шеламовой та ін. Результати. M. sacchariflorus (2n) в умовах Лісостепу України у фазу цвітіння не вступає, натомість у M. sacchariflorus (4n) цвітіння починається на місяць раніше, ніж у M. sinensis, що є перешкодою для перезапилення цих видів у природньому середовищі. M. giganteus, розмножений ризомами, за переважною більшістю показників (висота та діаметр стебла, кількість міжвузлів та листків, площа листків, довжина та ширина волоті) домінує над усіма видами міскантусу, отриманими в культурі in vitro. Проте кількість стебел у кущі в рослин M. sinensis є найбільшою (63 шт.) і майже у 2–4 рази перевищує показники рослин M. giganteus, отриманих із ризом та в in vitro. Найперспективнішими формами для використання в біоенергетиці є M. sinensis та розмножений ризомами (ex vitro) M. giganteus, урожайність зеленої маси яких становила приблизно 7 і 9 кг/м2 відповідно, тоді як M. sacchariflorus (2n) та M. sacchariflorus (4n) для цього є непридатними, адже формують лише 0,25 та 2,05 кгназемної маси з 1 м2. Висновки. На основі отриманих даних установлено найперспективніші форми Miscanthus для залучення їх у селекційний процес та отримання нових сортів з високою продуктивністю біомаси для потреб біоенергетики.

Purpose. To determine and substantiate practical aspects of statistical analysis application for management results of the morphological description of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties when identifying them during corresponding phenological phases of growth and development. Methods. Field study, analytical approach based on descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Results. Quantitative values of display of such morphological characters as leaf rosette diameter, lettuce head size, leaf blade thickness and its venation were determined for the Lactuca sativa L. varieties. Statistical indices of four morphological characters of randomized sampling frame of seven cutting lettuce varie­ties were determined and the results of statistical analysis were interpreted. Cutting lettuce of loose leaf and capitate varieties was identified during corresponding phenological phases of growth and development. The most suitable method for clustering cutting lettuce varieties was defined. The results of clustering were interpreted. It was found that ‘Hodar’ variety differed greatly from others, ‘Dumka’ and ‘Olzhych’ varieties were the most similar. Conclusions. The results of the identification allowed to establish that capitate lettuce varieties were similar in the following combinations: ‘Bona’ and ‘Dyvohray’, ‘Olzhych’ and ‘Dumka’. According to the duration of interphase periods, it can be noted that such varieties as ‘Dumka’ and ‘Dyvohrai’ had the highest rate of maturation in comparison with ‘Bona’ and ‘Hodar’ varieties, and the lowest one as compared to the ‘Olzhych’ variety

Purpose. To determine and substantiate practical aspects of statistical analysis application for management results of the morphological description of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties when identifying them during corresponding phenological phases of growth and development. Methods. Field study, analytical approach based on descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Results. Quantitative values of display of such morphological characters as leaf rosette diameter, lettuce head size, leaf blade thickness and its venation were determined for the Lactuca sativa L. varieties. Statistical indices of four morphological characters of randomized sampling frame of seven cutting lettuce varie­ties were determined and the results of statistical analysis were interpreted. Cutting lettuce of loose leaf and capitate varieties was identified during corresponding phenological phases of growth and development. The most suitable method for clustering cutting lettuce varieties was defined. The results of clustering were interpreted. It was found that ‘Hodar’ variety differed greatly from others, ‘Dumka’ and ‘Olzhych’ varieties were the most similar. Conclusions. The results of the identification allowed to establish that capitate lettuce varieties were similar in the following combinations: ‘Bona’ and ‘Dyvohray’, ‘Olzhych’ and ‘Dumka’. According to the duration of interphase periods, it can be noted that such varieties as ‘Dumka’ and ‘Dyvohrai’ had the highest rate of maturation in comparison with ‘Bona’ and ‘Hodar’ varieties, and the lowest one as compared to the ‘Olzhych’ variety

Purpose. To identify and describe the basic criteria for studying and assessing decorative and economic-and-biological characters of the genus Heuchera L. varieties in the context of introduction. Methods. Introduction procedure, analytical approach, morphological analysis and biometric data evaluation. Results. Aided by the comparative morphological analysis of introduced varieties of the genus Heuchera, significant differences in their characters were revealed, including plant height, height and width of the basal rosette of leaves, generative shoot height. There was a significant variation of such parameters as the number of generative shoots within one plant, the number of flowers on a single generative shoot, flowering abundance. Based on investigation findings, 17 groups of varieties were identified for the dominant color of adaxial surface of the leaf blade and 7 groups – for inflorescence color. According to phenological observations, Heuchera varieties groups were determined and the dates of commencement and duration of plants flowering were registered in the context of introduction. The results of these investigations are the necessary basis for the study and evaluation of this culture assortment, they are important in breeding and landscaping. Conclusions. Based on the results of investigations of morphological features of introduced species of the genus Heuchera, traits and parameters for varieties grouping were defined as well as decorative and economic-and-biological traits that should be evaluated.

Purpose. To identify and describe the basic criteria for studying and assessing decorative and economic-and-biological characters of the genus Heuchera L. varieties in the context of introduction. Methods. Introduction procedure, analytical approach, morphological analysis and biometric data evaluation. Results. Aided by the comparative morphological analysis of introduced varieties of the genus Heuchera, significant differences in their characters were revealed, including plant height, height and width of the basal rosette of leaves, generative shoot height. There was a significant variation of such parameters as the number of generative shoots within one plant, the number of flowers on a single generative shoot, flowering abundance. Based on investigation findings, 17 groups of varieties were identified for the dominant color of adaxial surface of the leaf blade and 7 groups – for inflorescence color. According to phenological observations, Heuchera varieties groups were determined and the dates of commencement and duration of plants flowering were registered in the context of introduction. The results of these investigations are the necessary basis for the study and evaluation of this culture assortment, they are important in breeding and landscaping. Conclusions. Based on the results of investigations of morphological features of introduced species of the genus Heuchera, traits and parameters for varieties grouping were defined as well as decorative and economic-and-biological traits that should be evaluated.

Purpose. Defining marker-trait associations of microsatellite markers with specific regions of the genome that control important agronomical traits in the investigated varieties originated in the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigations and entered into the State register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine during different years. Methods. Molecular genetic methods (extraction of genomic DNA, polymerase chain reactions (PCR), electrophoresis of amplification products in polyacrylamide gel), field methods (phenological observations of heading date and analysis of plant height, visual assessment of the colour and length of wheat ear and awns), statistical methods (evaluation of trait means by descriptive statistic instruments of EXCEL package, ANOVA method performed by GLM instrument from AGROBASE 21 package). Results. During four gro­wing years (2010/11, 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14), 47 bread winter wheat varieties were phenotypically measured and analyzed with 17 microsatellite loci. 35 marker-trait associations (MTA) for heading date, 39 for plant height, 33 for awn size, 20 for ear colour and 8 for ear size were found to be stable and significant during two–four different gro­wing years. Conclusions. Microsatellite markers that showed substantial and stable during different growing years associations with agronomical traits can be useful and suitable for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in Ukrainian wheat breeding programs.

Purpose. Defining marker-trait associations of microsatellite markers with specific regions of the genome that control important agronomical traits in the investigated varieties originated in the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigations and entered into the State register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine during different years. Methods. Molecular genetic methods (extraction of genomic DNA, polymerase chain reactions (PCR), electrophoresis of amplification products in polyacrylamide gel), field methods (phenological observations of heading date and analysis of plant height, visual assessment of the colour and length of wheat ear and awns), statistical methods (evaluation of trait means by descriptive statistic instruments of EXCEL package, ANOVA method performed by GLM instrument from AGROBASE 21 package). Results. During four gro­wing years (2010/11, 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14), 47 bread winter wheat varieties were phenotypically measured and analyzed with 17 microsatellite loci. 35 marker-trait associations (MTA) for heading date, 39 for plant height, 33 for awn size, 20 for ear colour and 8 for ear size were found to be stable and significant during two–four different gro­wing years. Conclusions. Microsatellite markers that showed substantial and stable during different growing years associations with agronomical traits can be useful and suitable for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in Ukrainian wheat breeding programs.

Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of the seasonal rhythm of growth and development of Itoh Group peony cultivars in the conditions of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Methods. The objects of research were plants of 24 cultivars of Itoh Group peonies. The research was conducted on the experimental field of the Department of Flowering and Ornamental Plants of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during 2017–2020. The sum of effective temperatures was calculated by summing the daily air temperatures reduced by the biological zero. Results. The phenological phases of Ito Group cultivars growth were determined. Phenological spectra for different groups are presented. It was determined that the flowering of early cultivars: ‘First Arrival’, ‘Hillary’, ‘Julia Rose’, ‘Morning Lilac’, ‘Old Rose Dandy’, ‘Sonoma Apricot’ starts at the sum of effective temperatures ≥ 400 °С. The middle group hybrids bloom when the sum of temperatures reaches 450 °С. This group includes: ‘Bartzella’, ‘Callie’s Memory’, ‘Cora Louise’, ‘Lollipop’, ‘Scarlet Heaven’, ‘Sonoma Velvet Ruby’, ‘Yellow Dream’, ‘Yellow Emperor’, ‘Yellow Heaven’, ‘Yellow Waterlily’. Late flowering group includes: ‘Border Charm’, ‘Garden Treasure’, ‘Kopper Kettle’, ‘Pastel Splendor’, ‘Prairie Charm’, ‘Viking Full Moon’, ‘White Emperor’, ‘Yankee Doodle Dandy’; accumulation of effective temperatures above 500 °С is an essential requirement for their flowering. Conclusions. Itoh Group cultivars successfully pass all phases of seasonal development and manage to complete the growing season. Cultivars belong to the spring-summer-autumn-green phenorhythmotype. The onset of the corresponding phenological phases in peonies of the studied group of cultivars requires a certain sum of effective temperatures. Plant outgrowth begins on March 23 – April 2, when the sum of effective temperatures ranges from 20–40 °С. The flowering of varieties characterized as late spring, lasts 6–9 days ± 3–4 days, depending on the varietal characteristics and the year of cultivation. A rapid increase in the sum of effective temperatures up to 700 °C shortens the flowering phase by 4–5 days. An assortment of early (May 22–25 ± 2–3 days), medium (May 26–28 ± 3–5 days) and late-flowering (May 29–31 ± 4–6 days) cultivars has been selected, what ensures the continuity of peony flowering during two months.

Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of the seasonal rhythm of growth and development of Itoh Group peony cultivars in the conditions of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.Methods. The objects of research were plants of 24 cultivars of Itoh Group peonies. The research was conducted on the experimental field of the Department of Flowering and Ornamental Plants of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during 2017–2020. The sum of effective temperatures was calculated by summing the daily air temperatures reduced by the biological zero.                 Results. The phenological phases of Ito Group cultivars growth were determined. Phenological spectra for different groups are presented. It was determined that the flowering of early cultivars: ‘First Arrival’, ‘Hillary’, ‘Julia Rose’, ‘Morning Lilac’, ‘Old Rose Dandy’, ‘Sonoma Apricot’ starts at the sum of effective temperatures ≥ 400 °С. The middle group hybrids bloom when the sum of temperatures reaches 450 °С. This group includes: ‘Bartzella’, ‘Callie’s Memory’, ‘Cora Louise’, ‘Lollipop’, ‘Scarlet Heaven’, ‘Sonoma Velvet Ruby’, ‘Yellow Dream’, ‘Yellow Emperor’, ‘Yellow Heaven’, ‘Yellow Waterlily’. Late flowering group includes: ‘Border Charm’, ‘Garden Treasure’, ‘Kopper Kettle’, ‘Pastel Splendor’, ‘Prairie Charm’, ‘Viking Full Moon’, ‘White Emperor’, ‘Yankee Doodle Dandy’; accumulation of effective temperatures above 500 °С is an essential requirement for their flowering.Conclusions. Itoh Group cultivars successfully pass all phases of seasonal development and manage to complete the growing season. Cultivars belong to the spring-summer-autumn-green phenorhythmotype. The onset of the corresponding phenological phases in peonies of the studied group of cultivars requires a certain sum of effective temperatures. Plant outgrowth begins on March 23 – April 2, when the sum of effective temperatures ranges from 20–40 °С. The flowering of varieties characterized as late spring, lasts 6–9 days ± 3–4 days, depending on the varietal characteristics and the year of cultivation. A rapid increase in the sum of effective temperatures up to 700 °C shortens the flowering phase by 4–5 days. An assortment of early (May 22–25 ± 2–3 days), medium (May 26–28 ± 3–5 days) and late-flowering (May 29–31 ± 4–6 days) cultivars has been selected, what ensures the continuity of peony flowering during two months. | Мета. Установити особливості сезонного ритму росту й розвитку сортів півоній Itoh Group в умовах Національного ботанічного саду імені М. М. Гришка НАН України (НБС).Методи. Об’єктом досліджень слугували рослини 24 сортів півоній Itoh Gp. Дослідження проводили на експериментальній ділянці відділу квітниково-декоративних рослин НБС протягом 2017–2020 рр. Суму ефективних температур обраховували через сумування добових температур повітря, зменшених на значення біологічного мінімуму.Результати. Виділено фенологічні фази росту й розвитку рослин півоній Іто-групи. Побудовано фенологічні спектри для різних феногруп. Установлено, що цвітіння ранніх сортів – ‘First Arrival’, ‘Hillary’, ‘Julia Rose’, ‘Morning Lilac’, ‘Old Rose Dandy’, ‘Sonoma Apricot’ – розпочинається за суми ефективних температур ≥ 400 °С. Сорти рослин середньої групи зацвітають, коли сума температур сягає 450 °С. До цієї групи належать ‘Bartzella’, ‘Callie’s Memory’, ‘Cora Louise’, ‘Lollipop’, ‘Scarlet Heaven’, ‘Sonoma Velvet Ruby’, ‘Yellow Dream’, ‘Yellow Emperor’, ‘Yellow Heaven’, ‘Yellow Waterlily’. Пізньоквітуюча група включає сорти ‘Border Charm’, ‘Garden Treasure’, ‘Kopper Kettle’, ‘Pastel Splendor’, ‘Prairie Charm’, ‘Viking Full Moon’, ‘White Emperor’, ‘Yankee Doodle Dandy’, необхідною умовою цвітіння яких є накопичення ефективних температур понад 500 °С.Висновки. Рослини сортів півоній Itoh Gp успішно проходять усі фази сезонного розвитку та встигають завершити вегетацію. За тривалістю вегетації вони належать до весняно-літньо-осінньозеленого феноритмотипу. Настання відповідних фенологічних фаз у півоній досліджуваної групи сортів потребує певної суми ефективних температур. Відростання сортів розпочинається 23 березня – 2 квітня, коли сума ефективних температур змінюється в межах 20–40 °С. Цвітіння сортів характеризується як пізньовесняне, триває 9–16 діб ± 3–4 доби й залежить від сортових особливостей рослин та року вирощування. Швидке наростання суми ефективних температур до 700 °C під час цвітіння рослин скорочує його тривалість на 4–5 діб. Аналіз фенологічних спектрів сезонного розвитку рослин дав змогу виділити сортимент ранньо‑ (22–25 травня ± 2–3 доби), середньо‑ (26–28 травня ± 3–5 діб) та пізньоквітуючих (29–31 травня ± 4–6 діб) півоній Itoh Gp, що забезпечує безперервність їхнього цвітіння загалом упродовж двох місяців.

Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of the seasonal rhythm of growth and development of Itoh Group peony cultivars in the conditions of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Methods. The objects of research were plants of 24 cultivars of Itoh Group peonies. The research was conducted on the experimental field of the Department of Flowering and Ornamental Plants of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during 2017–2020. The sum of effective temperatures was calculated by summing the daily air temperatures reduced by the biological zero.                 Results. The phenological phases of Ito Group cultivars growth were determined. Phenological spectra for different groups are presented. It was determined that the flowering of early cultivars: ‘First Arrival’, ‘Hillary’, ‘Julia Rose’, ‘Morning Lilac’, ‘Old Rose Dandy’, ‘Sonoma Apricot’ starts at the sum of effective temperatures ≥ 400 °С. The middle group hybrids bloom when the sum of temperatures reaches 450 °С. This group includes: ‘Bartzella’, ‘Callie’s Memory’, ‘Cora Louise’, ‘Lollipop’, ‘Scarlet Heaven’, ‘Sonoma Velvet Ruby’, ‘Yellow Dream’, ‘Yellow Emperor’, ‘Yellow Heaven’, ‘Yellow Waterlily’. Late flowering group includes: ‘Border Charm’, ‘Garden Treasure’, ‘Kopper Kettle’, ‘Pastel Splendor’, ‘Prairie Charm’, ‘Viking Full Moon’, ‘White Emperor’, ‘Yankee Doodle Dandy’; accumulation of effective temperatures above 500 °С is an essential requirement for their flowering. Conclusions. Itoh Group cultivars successfully pass all phases of seasonal development and manage to complete the growing season. Cultivars belong to the spring-summer-autumn-green phenorhythmotype. The onset of the corresponding phenological phases in peonies of the studied group of cultivars requires a certain sum of effective temperatures. Plant outgrowth begins on March 23 – April 2, when the sum of effective temperatures ranges from 20–40 °С. The flowering of varieties characterized as late spring, lasts 6–9 days ± 3–4 days, depending on the varietal characteristics and the year of cultivation. A rapid increase in the sum of effective temperatures up to 700 °C shortens the flowering phase by 4–5 days. An assortment of early (May 22–25 ± 2–3 days), medium (May 26–28 ± 3–5 days) and late-flowering (May 29–31 ± 4–6 days) cultivars has been selected, what ensures the continuity of peony flowering during two months.

Purpose. To study the economic and biological characteristics and to reveal the genetic potential of various hybrids of Chinese cabbage depending on the climatic zone of cultivation. Methods. In the experiment, hybrids of Chinese cabbage ‘Pioner F1’ (control), ‘Villi F1’, ‘Manoko F1’, ‘Orient Star F1’, ‘Vitimo F1’, ‘Sprinkin F1’, ‘Summer Highland F1’, ‘Suprin F1’, and ‘Richi F1’ were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications with a single plot area of 21 m2. The container seedlings (40 days old) were planted in the middle of April according to the scheme 70 cm by 25 cm. Results. Having been planted at the same time, seed germination over the studied hybrids was not simultaneous. The first sprouted seeds (4 days after seeding) belonged to hybrids ‘Villi F1’, ‘Manoko F1’, ‘Orient Star F1’, and‘Summer Highland F1’. Seeds of the other hybrids started active germination on the 5–6 days after seeding. The highest yield of the cabbage heads was obtained from hybrids ‘Villi F1’ (31.7 t/ha) and ‘Sprinkin F1’ (28.7 t/ha), which was 10.0 and 7.0 t/ha more than in the control variant. The yield of ‘Summer Highland F1’ was 24.9 t/ha and ‘Suprin F1’ 24.6 t/ha. Under the conditions of unstable soil moisture, hybrids ‘Villi F1’and ‘Sprinkin F1’ appeared the most productive and ensured yield increase of 10.0 t/ha and 7.0 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control; and crop commercial quality was high. The highest percentage of dry matter (DM) content was in ‘Summer Highland F1’ (6.2%) followed by ‘Sprinkin F1’ (5.9%), which was 1.1% and 0.8% more than in the control. There was no significant difference between the values of the total sugars content over the variants. They ranged between 1.7 and 2.1%, which was similar to the control values. The content of nitrates in the cabbage heads of the studied Chinese cabbage hybrids was within the tolerance limit and amounted to 600 mg/kg (raw mass). Conclusions. Phenological observations of plant development and their biometric indices, depending on the varietal characteristics, indicate that under the conditions of unstable soil moisture, hybrids ‘Villi F1’ and ‘Sprinkin F1’ were more yielding and ensured yield increase of 10.0 t/ha and 7.0 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control. The crop commercial quality was high. The long growing season of ‘Richi F1’ (93 days) did not affect the crop quality and yield and demonstrated the lowest productivity compared to the control and the other experiment variants.

Purpose. To study the economic and biological characteristics and to reveal the genetic potential of various hybrids of Chinese cabbage depending on the climatic zone of cultivation. Methods. In the experiment, hybrids of Chinese cabbage ‘Pioner F1’ (control), ‘Villi F1’, ‘Manoko F1’, ‘Orient Star F1’, ‘Vitimo F1’, ‘Sprinkin F1’, ‘Summer Highland F1’, ‘Suprin F1’, and ‘Richi F1’ were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications with a single plot area of 21 m2. The container seedlings (40 days old) were planted in the middle of April according to the scheme 70 cm by 25 cm. Results. Having been planted at the same time, seed germination over the studied hybrids was not simultaneous. The first sprouted seeds (4 days after seeding) belonged to hybrids ‘Villi F1’, ‘Manoko F1’, ‘Orient Star F1’, and‘Summer Highland F1’. Seeds of the other hybrids started active germination on the 5–6 days after seeding. The highest yield of the cabbage heads was obtained from hybrids ‘Villi F1’ (31.7 t/ha) and ‘Sprinkin F1’ (28.7 t/ha), which was 10.0 and 7.0 t/ha more than in the control variant. The yield of ‘Summer Highland F1’ was 24.9 t/ha and ‘Suprin F1’ 24.6 t/ha. Under the conditions of unstable soil moisture, hybrids ‘Villi F1’and ‘Sprinkin F1’ appeared the most productive and ensured yield increase of 10.0 t/ha and 7.0 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control; and crop commercial quality was high. The highest percentage of dry matter (DM) content was in ‘Summer Highland F1’ (6.2%) followed by ‘Sprinkin F1’ (5.9%), which was 1.1% and 0.8% more than in the control. There was no significant difference between the values of the total sugars content over the variants. They ranged between 1.7 and 2.1%, which was similar to the control values. The content of nitrates in the cabbage heads of the studied Chinese cabbage hybrids was within the tolerance limit and amounted to 600 mg/kg (raw mass). Conclusions. Phenological observations of plant development and their biometric indices, depending on the varietal characteristics, indicate that under the conditions of unstable soil moisture, hybrids ‘Villi F1’ and ‘Sprinkin F1’ were more yielding and ensured yield increase of 10.0 t/ha and 7.0 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control. The crop commercial quality was high. The long growing season of ‘Richi F1’ (93 days) did not affect the crop quality and yield and demonstrated the lowest productivity compared to the control and the other experiment variants.

Цель. Исследовать хозяйственно-биологические особенности и раскрыть генетический потенциал различных гибридов капусты пекинской в зависимости от климатической зоны выращивания. Методы. Вариантами опыта были гибриды капусты пекинской ‘Pioner F1’ (контроль), ‘Vili F1’, ‘Manoko F1’, ‘Orient Star F1’, ‘Vitimo F1’, ‘Sprinkin F1’, ‘Summer Highland F1’, ‘Suprin F1’, ‘Richi F1’. Площадь учетного участка 21 м2. Опыт закладывался в четырех повторениях, исследуемые варианты размещали методом рендомизированных блоков. Кассетную рассаду в возрасте 40 суток высаживали во второй декаде апреля по схеме 70 × 25 см. Результаты. В один срок посева у гибридов всходы появлялись не одновременно и первые отмечены у гибридов ‘Vili F1’, ‘Manoko F1’, ‘Orient Star F1’ и ‘Summer Highland F1’ – на 4 сутки после посева, а в остальных – массовые всходы наблюдались несколько позже, на 5–6 сутки после посева. Самый высокий товарный урожай головок получили у гибридов ‘Vili F1’ (31,7 т/га) и ‘Sprinkin F1’ (28,7 т/га), что на 10,0 и 7,0 т/га больше, чем в контроле. Существенно ниже была урожайность у гибридов ‘Summer Highland F1’ – 24,9 и ‘Suprin F1’ – 24,6 т/га. В условиях неустойчивого увлажнения более урожайными были гиб­риды ‘Vili F1’ и ‘Sprinkin F1’, которые обеспечили прирост урожая к контролю 10,0 и 7,0 т/га, а продукция имела высокое товарное качество. Самый высокий процент сухих растворимых веществ установлен в головках гибридов ‘Summer Highland F1’ (6,2%) и ‘Sprinkin F1’ (5,9%), что на 1,1 и 0,8% больше контроля. По сумме сахаров не отмечено существенной разницы между вариантами, данный показатель был на уровне контроля (1,7–2,1%). Содержание нитратов в головках исследуемых гибридов капусты пекинской было в пределах допустимой нормы 600 мг/кг сырой массы. Выводы. Фенологические наблюдения за развитием растений и их биометрические показатели в зависимости от сортовых особенностей указывают, что в условиях неустойчивого увлажнения более урожайными были гибриды ‘Vili F1’ и ‘Sprinkin F1’, которые обеспечили прирост урожая к контролю 10,0 и 7,0 т/га, а продукция была высокого товарного качества. Длительный период вегетации у гибрида ‘Richi F1’ – 93 суток не повлиял на качество и урожайность культуры и обеспечил низкие показатели относительно контрольного и исследуемых вариантов. | Мета. Дослідити господарсько-біологічні особливості та розкрити генетичний потенціал різних гібридів капусти пекінської залежно від кліматичної зони вирощування.Методи. Варіантами досліду були гібриди капусти пекінської ‘Pioner F1’ (контроль), ‘Vili F1’, ‘Manoko F1’, ‘Orient Star F1’, ‘Vitimo F1’, ‘Sprinkin F1’, ‘Summer Highland F1’, ‘Suprin F1’, ‘Richi F1’. Площа облікової ділянки 21 м2. Дослід закладався в чотирьох повтореннях, досліджувані варіанти розміщували методом рендомізованих блоків. Касетну розсаду віком 40 діб висаджували в другій декаді квітня за схемою 70 × 25 см.Результати. За одного строку сівби у гібридів сходи з’являлись неодночасно і перші відмічено у гібридів ‘Vili F1’, ‘Manoko F1’, ‘Orient Star F1’та ‘Summer Highland F1’ – на 4 добу після сівби, а у решти – масові сходи спостерігали дещо пізніше, на 5–6 добу після сівби. Найвищий товарний врожай головок одержали у гібридів ‘Vili F1’ (31,7 т/га) та ‘Sprinkin F1’ (28,7 т/га), що на 10,0 і 7,0 т/га більше, ніж у контролі. Істотно нижчою була врожайність у гібридів ‘Summer Highland F1’ – 24,9 і ‘Suprin F1’ – 24,6 т/га. В умовах нестійкого зволоження врожайнішими були гібриди ‘Vili F1’та ‘Sprinkin F1’, які забезпечили приріст урожаю до контролю 10,0 і 7,0 т/га, а продукція була високої товарної якості. Найвищий відсоток сухих розчинних речовин був у головках гібридів ‘Summer Highland F1’ (6,2%) і ‘Sprinkin F1’ (5,9%), що на 1,1 і 0,8% більше за контроль. За сумою цукрів не відмічено істотної різниці між варіантами, даний показник був на рівні контролю (1,7–2,1%). Уміст нітратів у головках досліджуваних гібридів капусти пекінської був у межах допустимої норми – 600 мг/кг сирої маси.Висновки. Фенологічні спостереження за розвитком рослин та їхні біометричні показники залежно від сортових особливостей вказують, що в умовах нестійкого зволоження врожайнішими були гібриди ‘Vili F1’та ‘Sprinkin F1’, які забезпечили приріст урожаю до контролю 10,0 і 7,0 т/га, а продукція була високої товарної якості. Тривалий період вегетації у гібриду ‘Richi F1’– 93 доби, не вплинув на якість і врожайність та забезпечив найнижчі показники відносно контрольного і досліджуваних варіантів. | Purpose. To study the economic and biological characteristics and to reveal the genetic potential of various hybrids of Chinese cabbage depending on the climatic zone of cultivation.Methods. In the experiment, hybrids of Chinese cabbage ‘Pioner F1’ (control), ‘Villi F1’, ‘Manoko F1’, ‘Orient Star F1’, ‘Vitimo F1’, ‘Sprinkin F1’, ‘Summer Highland F1’, ‘Suprin F1’, and ‘Richi F1’ were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications with a single plot area of 21 m2. The container seedlings (40 days old) were planted in the middle of April according to the scheme 70 cm by 25 cm.Results. Having been planted at the same time, seed germination over the studied hybrids was not simultaneous. The first sprouted seeds (4 days after seeding) belonged to hybrids ‘Villi F1’, ‘Manoko F1’, ‘Orient Star F1’, and‘Summer Highland F1’. Seeds of the other hybrids started active germination on the 5–6 days after seeding. The highest yield of the cabbage heads was obtained from hybrids ‘Villi F1’ (31.7 t/ha) and ‘Sprinkin F1’ (28.7 t/ha), which was 10.0 and 7.0 t/ha more than in the control variant. The yield of ‘Summer Highland F1’ was 24.9 t/ha and ‘Suprin F1’ 24.6 t/ha. Under the conditions of unstable soil moisture, hybrids ‘Villi F1’and ‘Sprinkin F1’ appeared the most productive and ensured yield increase of 10.0 t/ha and 7.0 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control; and crop commercial quality was high. The highest percentage of dry matter (DM) content was in ‘Summer Highland F1’ (6.2%) followed by ‘Sprinkin F1’ (5.9%), which was 1.1% and 0.8% more than in the control. There was no significant difference between the values of the total sugars content over the variants. They ranged between 1.7 and 2.1%, which was similar to the control values. The content of nitrates in the cabbage heads of the studied Chinese cabbage hybrids was within the tolerance limit and amounted to 600 mg/kg (raw mass).Conclusions. Phenological observations of plant development and their biometric indices, depending on the varietal characteristics, indicate that under the conditions of unstable soil moisture, hybrids ‘Villi F1’ and ‘Sprinkin F1’ were more yielding and ensured yield increase of 10.0 t/ha and 7.0 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control. The crop commercial quality was high. The long growing season of ‘Richi F1’ (93 days) did not affect the crop quality and yield and demonstrated the lowest productivity compared to the control and the other experiment variants.

Purpose. To investigate features of commercial head quality formation in varieties of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) for different growing methods. To study the influence of growing methods for cutting lettuce plants on the weight of commercial heads, indices of yield and quality of freshly harvested products. Methods. Field study, laboratory testing and statistical evaluation. Results. The results of studying peculiarities of head formation in such cutting lettuce varieties as ‘Godar’ (control), ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Olzhych’ and ‘Dyvohrai’ were shown. Based on the results of phenological observations, the duration of interstage periods of growth and development of cutting lettuce plants was determined for the different growing methods. The model of cutting lettuce of capitata variety for different growing methods was presented in terms of biochemical parameters (content of dry matter, vitamin C, nitrates, amount of sugars). The influence of growing methods for cutting lettuce plants on the commercial head weight, indices of yield and quality of freshly harvested products was studied. Obtained results confirmed that in early ripening varie­ti­es the heads were smaller (150 g) and not dense, in late ripening varieties they were large and dense, weight was 150–500 g. Freshly harvested commercial products of head lettuce in case of seedling cultivation was characterized by a slight increase in dry matter content by 0.15–0.29%. The corresponding pattern was observed for the total sugar content. Its amount was slightly higher: 1.3–1.9% in case of direct sowing and 1.6–1.9% – for seedlings cultivation. The content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, mg/100 g) was the highest in the ‘Dyvohrai’ variety despite of the method of growing. The largest quantity of nitrates in lettuce heads was in the inner stem (480 mg/kg), while in the middle of the head it was reduced to 110 mg/kg. Conclusions. Freshly harvested heads of cutting lettuce were analyzed for the content of such basic biochemical indices as dry matter, vitamin C, protein, nitrates, amount of sugars. Biochemical characteristics of freshly harvested products of heading lettuce in case of direct sowing and non-seedling methods of growing were within the error being almost identical with minor deviations. According to the study results, a typical model of capitate lettuce variety was designed which will have practical application in qualification examination of plant varieties.

Purpose. To investigate features of commercial head quality formation in varieties of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) for different growing methods. To study the influence of growing methods for cutting lettuce plants on the weight of commercial heads, indices of yield and quality of freshly harvested products. Methods. Field study, laboratory testing and statistical evaluation. Results. The results of studying peculiarities of head formation in such cutting lettuce varieties as ‘Godar’ (control), ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Olzhych’ and ‘Dyvohrai’ were shown. Based on the results of phenological observations, the duration of interstage periods of growth and development of cutting lettuce plants was determined for the different growing methods. The model of cutting lettuce of capitata variety for different growing methods was presented in terms of biochemical parameters (content of dry matter, vitamin C, nitrates, amount of sugars). The influence of growing methods for cutting lettuce plants on the commercial head weight, indices of yield and quality of freshly harvested products was studied. Obtained results confirmed that in early ripening varie­ti­es the heads were smaller (150 g) and not dense, in late ripening varieties they were large and dense, weight was 150–500 g. Freshly harvested commercial products of head lettuce in case of seedling cultivation was characterized by a slight increase in dry matter content by 0.15–0.29%. The corresponding pattern was observed for the total sugar content. Its amount was slightly higher: 1.3–1.9% in case of direct sowing and 1.6–1.9% – for seedlings cultivation. The content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, mg/100 g) was the highest in the ‘Dyvohrai’ variety despite of the method of growing. The largest quantity of nitrates in lettuce heads was in the inner stem (480 mg/kg), while in the middle of the head it was reduced to 110 mg/kg. Conclusions. Freshly harvested heads of cutting lettuce were analyzed for the content of such basic biochemical indices as dry matter, vitamin C, protein, nitrates, amount of sugars. Biochemical characteristics of freshly harvested products of heading lettuce in case of direct sowing and non-seedling methods of growing were within the error being almost identical with minor deviations. According to the study results, a typical model of capitate lettuce variety was designed which will have practical application in qualification examination of plant varieties.

Purpose. Conducting economic evaluations of late varie­ties of white cabbage of various sort types bred by Kyiv experimental station of the Institute of Vegetables and Melons NAAS of Ukraine (IVM). Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. Experimental studies included phenological observations of plants growth and development, biometric measurements of vegetative and edible parts of plants, determination of biochemical сomposition of heads, records of yield and storability of late varieties of white cabbage of such sort types as Amager and Langedijska winter. Varieties with the highest yield, best biochemical composition and excellent storability of cabbage heads during four and six month periods were identified. Conclusions. Among the cabbage samples of Amager sort types, late variety Vasylyna was characterized by the highest yields. Olga variety provided the significant increase in productivity. Violanta variety had the highest yield within the sort type Langedijska (Langendijker) winter. Knyagynіa variety far exceed indices of standard Langendijker detsema. Late varieties of the first sort type produced the highest yield, the second ones demonstrated better biochemical composition and excellent storability of cabbage heads during four and six month period.

Purpose. Conducting economic evaluations of late varie­ties of white cabbage of various sort types bred by Kyiv experimental station of the Institute of Vegetables and Melons NAAS of Ukraine (IVM). Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. Experimental studies included phenological observations of plants growth and development, biometric measurements of vegetative and edible parts of plants, determination of biochemical сomposition of heads, records of yield and storability of late varieties of white cabbage of such sort types as Amager and Langedijska winter. Varieties with the highest yield, best biochemical composition and excellent storability of cabbage heads during four and six month periods were identified. Conclusions. Among the cabbage samples of Amager sort types, late variety Vasylyna was characterized by the highest yields. Olga variety provided the significant increase in productivity. Violanta variety had the highest yield within the sort type Langedijska (Langendijker) winter. Knyagynіa variety far exceed indices of standard Langendijker detsema. Late varieties of the first sort type produced the highest yield, the second ones demonstrated better biochemical composition and excellent storability of cabbage heads during four and six month period.