Цель. Проанализировать тенденции производства сои культурной в мире и выявить их влияние на рынок сортов сои культурной в Украине. Проследить динамику подачи и регистрации заявок на включение в Государственный реестр сортов растений, пригодных для распространения в Украине. Сравнить урожайность сои культурной у лидеров глобального рынка сои с урожайностью сои культурной, находящейся в производстве в Украине. Осветить информацию о лучших по урожайности новых сортах сои культурной, которые включены в Государственный реестр сортов растений, пригодных для распространения в Украине.Методы. Аналитический, математический, статистический, графический.Результаты. Определено заметное влияние тенденций на глобальном рынке сои на динамику производства этой культуры в Украине и сокращение объемов отставания в производстве сои культурной в Украине по сравнению с лидерами в производстве этой культуры (США, Бразилии, Аргентины, Китая и Индии) в десятки раз за период 2000–2014 гг., но тенденции прироста производства совпадают с тенденциями лидеров глобального рынка сои – США, Бразилии и Аргентины. В период с 2000 по 2014 г. тренд динамики роста производства носит положительный характер. Показано влияние роста производства на процесс регистрации новых сортов сои культурной в Реестре сортов растений Украины. Тренд роста количества поданных заявок носит позитивный характер. Наибольшее количество сортов сои культурной, проходившей квалификационную экспертизу имели украинское происхождение. Среди сортов иностранного происхождения представлены сорта из Канады, Франции, Австрии, США, Германии, Аргентины, Кипра, Рес­публики Польши, Республики Сербия, Румынии, Хорватии, Чехии, Швейцарии. Определены новые сорта сои культурной, которые показали наивысшую урожайность за период квалификационной экспертизы с 2010 по 2018 год. Выводы. Темпы прироста производства сои культурной в Украине имеют схожую тенденцию к темпам прирос­та среди стран лидеров по выращиванию этой культуры. В Реестре сортов растений Украины преобладают сорта украинского происхождения. Средний уровень урожайнос­ти сортов сои культурной за 2010–2011 годы соответствует средней мировой урожайности этой культуры в мире. Максимальную урожайность среди сортов, проходивших квалификационную экспертизу сортов растений в период с 2010 по 2018 год, проявили сорта: ‘Silesia’ французского происхождения, ‘Эстафета’, ‘Терек’, ‘Авантюрин’ украинского происхождения и сорт канадского происхождения ‘Kofu’. | Purpose. Analyze the trends of soy bean production in the world and identify their impact on the soybean market in Ukraine. Identify the dynamics of submission and registration of applications for inclusion in the State Register of Plant Varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine. Compare soybean yields to the leaders of the global soybean market with the yield of soybeans in Ukraine. To highlight information on the best yields of new soybean varieties that are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine.Methods. Analytical, mathematical, statistical, graphic.Results The significant influence of trends on the global soybean market on the dynamics of this crop production in Ukraine and the reduction in the backlog of soybean production in Ukraine in dozens of times in comparison with the leaders in this field (USA, Brazil, Argentina, China and India) was discovered. Trends in production growth coincide with the trends of the global soybean market leaders in the USA, Brazil and Argentina. In the period from 2000 to 2014, the trend of the dynamics of production growth is of an expositional nature. The influence of production growth on the process of registration of soybeans new cultivars in the Re­gister of Plant Varieties of Ukraine was revealed. The growth trend in the number of submitted applications is positive. The largest number of soy bean varieties that passed the qualification examination was of Ukrainian descent. Among the varieties of foreign origin are varieties from Canada, France, Austria, USA, Germany, Argentina, Cyprus, Poland, Republic of Serbia, Romania, Croatia, Czech Republic, Switzerland. The new soybean varieties showed the highest yield during the period of qualifying examination in the period from 2010 to 2018.Conclusions. The growth rates of soybean production inUkraine have a similar tendency to growth rates among the leaders of this crop production. The Ukrainian varieties register is dominated by varieties of Ukrainian origin. The average level of yield of soybean cultivars in 2010–2011 corresponds to the average global yield of this crop in the world. The highest yields among the varieties that passed the qualifying exa­mination of plant varieties in the period from 2010 to 2018 were: ‘Silesia’ of French origin, ‘Relay’, ‘Terek’, ‘Avanturine’ of Ukrainian and a Canadian variety of ‘Kofu’. | Мета. Проаналізувати тенденції виробництва сої культурної в світі та виявити їх вплив на ринок сортів сої культурної в Україні. Виявити динаміку подачі та реєстрації заявок на включення до Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних для поширення в Україні. Порівняти урожайність сої культурної у лідерів глобального ринку сої з урожайністю сої культурної, що знаходиться у виробництві в Україні. Висвітлити інформацію щодо кращих за урожайністю нових сортів сої культурної, які включені до Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних для поширення в Україні. Методи. Аналітичний, математичний, статистичний, графічний. Результати. Виявлено помітний вплив тенденцій на глобальному ринку сої на динаміку виробництва цієї культури в Україні та скорочення у десятки разів обсягів відставання виробництва сої культурної в Україні порівняно із світовими лідерами в десятки разів. Тенденції приросту виробництва співпадають з тенденціями лідерів глобального ринку сої США, Бразилії та Аргентини. Визначено вплив зростання виробництва на процес реєстрації нових сортів сої культурної у Реєстрі сортів рослин України. З’ясовано, що тренд зростання кількості поданих заявок носить поліноміальний характер. Встановлено, що найбільша кількість сортів сої культурної, що проходила кваліфікаційну експертизу мала українське походження. Вивчено сорти іноземного походження з Канади, Франції, Австрії, США, Німеччини, Аргентини, Кіпру, Польщі, Республіки Сербія, Румунії, Республіки Хорватії, Чеської Республіки, Швейцарії. Визначено нові сорти сої культурної, які мали найвищу врожайність за період кваліфікаційної експертизи з 2010 по 2018 рік. Висновки. Темпи приросту виробництва сої культурної в Україні мають позитивну динаміку. В Реєстрі сортів рослин України переважають сорти українського походження. Середній рівень урожайності сортів сої культурної за 2010–2018 роки відповідає середній врожайності цієї культури у світі. Максимальну врожайність серед сортів, які проходили кваліфікаційну експертизу сортів рослин у період з 2010 по 2018 рік, проявили сорти: ‘Silesia’ французького походження, ‘Естафета’, ‘Терек’, ‘Авантюрин’ українського та сорт канадського походження ‘Kofu’.

Purpuse. To develop scientific and methodological principles of legal protection of plant varieties in Ukraine in accordance with the requirements of the Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO) and the European Union (EU), to analyze the relevant methodological and legal norms and approa­ches aimed to improve the system of legal protection of plant varieties as intellectual property objects identified during the expert determination the criteria for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability (DUS-test). Results. Determination of the criteria for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability implies the plant varieties identification by the method of phenotype morphological description (the signs of vegetative and generative organs). The morphological code formula of the variety consists of the corresponding codes of the sign and the degree of its expression that is formed according to the technical documents and DUS methods in all countries of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and CPVO. Methodological provision for the protection of breeder’s rights and new plant varieties in the EU and the CPVO protocols were analyzed by the comparative method of the general parts and the tables of signs of DUS techniques for the  botanical taxons of 4 plant groups: agricultural, vegetable, fruit and decorative. Conclusions. As a result of comparative assessment of DUS methods for plant varieties (CPVO – Protocols, UPOV – TG, Ukraine – UATG) was found that the morphological des­cription of plant varieties during the field trials (qualitative (QL), quantitative (QN) and pseudo-qualitative (PQ) signs of phenotypes ) is the basic technique for conducting DUS testing  according to the international UPOV requirements as well as to CPVO requirements. National Methods for Plant Varieties Examination for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability are developed under mandatory requirements of the DOCUMENT TGP 7/3 DEVELOPMENT OF TEST GUIDELINES adopted by the Council at its forty-eighth ordinary session on October 16, 2014. The CPVO and EU methodological bases at the 2015 research stage included protocols for 160 botanical taxons, represented by four plant groups: agricultural (18); vegetables (46); fruit (30) and decorative (66). The CPVO protocols for 122 botanical taxons, namely: agricultural (18), vegetable (44); fruit (28) and decorative (32) are of great value for the application’s scientific and technical examination for plant variety registration inUkraine. Field tests of plant phenotypes in accordance with morpho-descriptive method for variety identification by the relevant features and their degree of expression for harmonized description of plant varieties is practically brought to the UPOV international requirements and partly to CPVO protocols of the European Union.

Мета. Порівняти різні шкали росту й розвитку зернових культур.Результати. На основі узагальнення відомих шкал росту й розвитку зернових культур – Фікеса (Feekes scale), Хауна (Haun scale), Задокса (Zadoks scale), ВВСН, Куперман і Семенова, Келлер–Багліоні – розроблено порівняльні таблиці та відповідники між фізичним і біологічним часом розвитку рослин. Отримана інформація має важливе значення для створення ефективних технологічних карт вирощування зернових культур, адже саме застосування теоретичних знань допомагає своєчасно та точно ідентифікувати стадії розвитку рослин та вчасно виконати відповідні агротехнічні прийоми догляду за ними. У шкалах стандартизовані цифрові позначення використовуються для фаз або стадій росту й розвитку, які мають однакове значення, незалежно від року, регіону або типу (підтипу, сорту) зернової культури. Цифрові позначення мають переваги перед описовими, коли інформація заноситься в комп’ютер. Найпоширенішими вважаються шкали Фікеса (Feekes scale), Хауна (Haun scale), Задокса (Zadoks scale) та уніфікована розширена шкала ВВСН.Висновки. Шкала Фікеса особливо корисна між стадіями 6 і 10,5, що відповідає періоду від появи першого вузла на початку подовження стебла (стадія 6) до завершення цвітіння (стадія 10,5). Шкала Хауна є корисною для класифікації стадій вегетативного росту зернових культур. Для створення систем точного землеробства та власне комп’ютеризації технології вирощування зернових культур найбільше підходить уніфікована розширена шкала ВВСН. | Purpose. To compare scales of grain crops growth and development.Results. Based on the generalization of the well-known scales of grain crops growth and development –Feekes scale, Haun scale, Zadoks scale, ВВСН, Kuperman and Semenova, Keller-Baglioni – comparative tables and correspondences between physical and biological time of plant development were worked out. The obtained information is of great importance for the creation of effective technological maps of growing crops, because it is the application of theoretical knowledge that helps in a timely and accurate manner to identify the stages of plant deve­lopment and timely perform the appropriate agrotechnical methods. In scales, standardized numerical designations are used for phases or stages of growth and development that have the same meaning, regardless of the year, region, or type (subtype, variety) of a grain crop. Digital signs have advantages over descriptive when entering information into a computer. The most common are the Feekes scale, Haun scale, Zadoks scale, and the unified extended BBCH scale.Conclusions. The Feekes scale is particularly useful between stages 6 and 10.5, which corresponds to the period from the appearance of the first node at the beginning of the stem elongation (stage 6) to the end of flowering (stage 10.5). The Haun scale is useful for the classification of the vegetative growth stages of grain crops. For the creation of precision farming systems and the actual computerization of cereal production, the unified extended BBCH scale is most suitable | Цель. Сравнить шкалы роста и развития зерновых культур.Результаты. На основе обобщения известных шкал роста и развития зерновых культур – Фикеса (Feekes scale), Хауна (Haun scale), Задокса (Zadoks scale), ВВСН, Куперман и Семенова, Келлер–Баглиони – разработаны сравнительные таблицы и соответствия между физическим и биологическим временем развития растений. Полученная информация имеет важное значение для создания эффективных технологических карт выращивания зерновых культур, ведь именно применение теоретических знаний помогает своевременно и точно идентифицировать стадии развития растений и своевременно выполнить соответствующие агротехнические приемы ухода за ними. В шкалах стандартизированные цифровые обозначения используются для фаз или стадий роста и развития, которые имеют одинаковое значение, независимо от года, региона или типа (подтипа, сорта) зерновой культуры. Цифровые обозначения имеют преимущества перед описательными, когда информация заносится в компьютер. Самыми распространенными считаются шкалы Фикеса (Feekes scale), Хауна (Haun scale), Задокса (Zadoks scale) и унифицированная расширенная шкала ВВСН.Выводы. Шкала Фикеса особенно полезна между стадиями 6 и 10,5, что соответствует периоду от появления первого узла в начале удлинения стебля (стадия 6) до завершения цветения (стадия 10,5). Шкала Хауна является полезной для классификации стадий вегетативного роста зерновых культур. Для создания систем точного земледелия и собственно компьютеризации технологии выращивания зерновых культур больше всего подходит унифицированная расширенная шкала ВВСН

Purpose. To compare scales of grain crops growth and development. Results. Based on the generalization of the well-known scales of grain crops growth and development –Feekes scale, Haun scale, Zadoks scale, ВВСН, Kuperman and Semenova, Keller-Baglioni – comparative tables and correspondences between physical and biological time of plant development were worked out. The obtained information is of great importance for the creation of effective technological maps of growing crops, because it is the application of theoretical knowledge that helps in a timely and accurate manner to identify the stages of plant deve­lopment and timely perform the appropriate agrotechnical methods. In scales, standardized numerical designations are used for phases or stages of growth and development that have the same meaning, regardless of the year, region, or type (subtype, variety) of a grain crop. Digital signs have advantages over descriptive when entering information into a computer. The most common are the Feekes scale, Haun scale, Zadoks scale, and the unified extended BBCH scale. Conclusions. The Feekes scale is particularly useful between stages 6 and 10.5, which corresponds to the period from the appearance of the first node at the beginning of the stem elongation (stage 6) to the end of flowering (stage 10.5). The Haun scale is useful for the classification of the vegetative growth stages of grain crops. For the creation of precision farming systems and the actual computerization of cereal production, the unified extended BBCH scale is most suitable

Purpose. To evaluate hazelnut cultivars, species and hybrids from the genetic collection of Corylus spp. in the National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka” of the NAS of Ukraine for the complex of economic characters. An attempt has been made to analyze the information on Corylus spp. identity, taxonomy and description, dissemination and ecological requirements of the species, possibilities to use the genetic potential for developing new cultivars. Methods. The value of the Corylus spp. collection representatives was investigated using conventional testing procedures. For summarizing information concerning phylogenetic reconstruction of the Corylus L. genus and hazelnut, a number of scientific publications to be proposed for discussion was analyzed. The oil content in hazelnut kernels and the fatty acid composition was determined using official methods. Results. The best samples of hazelnut genetic collection were included into the broad hybridization programme, and C. chinensis Franch. representatives as well. A number of hybrid seedlings was obtained including new hazelnut cultivars ‘Sofiyivsky 1’, ‘Sofiyivsky 2’ and ‘Sofiyivsky 15’ which were characterized by spherical or almost spherical fruits, high winter hardiness and drought resistance, as well as the absence of rhythmicity in fruiting. Conclusions. The collection of varieties, forms, cultivars and species of the Corylus L. genus created during the last years can be the base for hazelnut breeding in Ukraine.

Purpose. To determine the effect of the basic organo-mineral fertilizer on the formation and stability of grain quality of winter wheat varieties in multiple crop rotation after black fallow as a predecessor. Methods. Field experiments were based on a multifactorial scheme using split-plot method with due regard to all requirements of the field experiment procedure, analysis of variance was used for statistical processing of the obtained results. Results. Investigation data was given concerning determination of grain quality indices in winter wheat varieties of diffe­rent ecotypes after black fallow as a predecessor depending on organo-mineral fertilizer application in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. In average for the period of investigation (2011–2015), the highest protein content in winter wheat grains was formed in no treatment variant [in such varieties as ‘Doridna’ (14.1%), ‘Dykanka’ (14.3%) and ‘Levada’ (14.2%)] and in case of organo-mineral fertilizer application [in the varieties ‘Hordovyta’ (14.0%), ‘Kalyta’ (14.0%), ‘Dykanka’ (14.7%) and ‘Levada’ (14.6%)]. The highest content of crude gluten in grains, without regard for the variant of the experiment, was found in the following varieties as ‘Dykanka’ (24.9–25.1%) and ‘Levada’ (23.7–25.4%). Conclusions. It was established that the content of protein and crude gluten in grains as well as the falling number of winter wheat was highly dependent on such factors as the variety and the year of cultivation as compared to the fertilizer background. The following varieties as ‘Hordovyta’, ‘Mulan’, Dykanka’ and ‘Levada’ were very sensitive to the application of organo-mineral fertilizer for the protein content, while ‘Hordovyta’ (2.4%), ‘Levada’ (1.7%), ‘Borvii’ (1.2%) and ‘Mulan’ (1.1%) – for the crude gluten content.

Purpose. To define the level of impact of such factors as rate, time and methods of sowing on seed productivity and certified seeds, and the individual response of winter wheat varieties to these factors if used the ecological system of seed farming, that would allow to form and obtain genetically determined potential of variety productivity. Methods. Weight measurement for determining seed yield; statistical, variance and regression analysis for identifying the reliabi­lity of the experiment results. Results. During the research period, weather conditions were greatly differed both by temperature regime and precipitation, but stability of grain and seeds yield on an annual basis was the main requirement to varieties. During the study of «grain productivity» value and quantitative indices of winter wheat yield structure, the results from 684 plots were obtained which were grouped and analyzed for impact factors for complete certainty, and NIR0,05 was calculated. Conclusions. Thus, in case of shifting sowing time from optimum to later period, efficiency of water use by plants was decreasing to a greater extent during years with insufficient precipitation. The shift of sowing time to later period providing optimal seeding rate and row seeding method did not reduce yield. The yield of winter wheat varieties to be studied when sowing in usual manner with seeding rate of 5,5 million seeds/ha in the period from September 15 and October 5 was the highest. Varieties ‘Slavna’ and ‘Chorniava’ provided the highest grain productivity for seeding rate of 5,5 million seeds/ha and using row seeding method, with slight impact of sowing time factor. Grain yield of studied varieties showed negative response during the experiment when seeding rate decreased up to 2,5–3,0 million seeds/ha. ‘Astarta’ varie­ty provided the highest productivity for certified seeds yield as compared to the control (from 1,59 to 3,38 t/ha). The variant of the experiment when sowing on October, 5 in usual manner with seeding rate of 5,5 million seeds/ha showed the highest productivity of 7,02 t/ha (+3,38 t/ha, or +92,9%). Shifting of sowing time for October, 5 resulted in a significant decrease in yields of certified seeds as compared to sowing time on September 15 and 25. Seed yield of studied varieties when sowing on October, 5 was higher than in case of sowing on September, 25. The highest percentage of certified seeds output in the studied varieties was observed for a seeding rate of 2,5–3,0 million seeds/ha. For seeding rate of 5,5 million seeds/ha for varieties with seeding time between September 15 and 25, the difference in grain yield was negligible. The winter wheat variety ‘Astarta’ provided the highest yield of seeds during the research years – 9,36 t/ha, the standard variety ‘Bogdan’ – the lowest one in the best variant of 5,55 t/ha.

Purpose. To evaluate and select hybrids, varieties of the parental nursery of the breeding process, biotechnological lines and wild species of potato for physiological parameters of drought resistance. Methods. Physiological and biochemical, selection ones, statistical data processing. Results. The data is given concerning the evaluation of the water retaining and water regeneration capacity of potato leaves of promising hybrids of competitive and ecological test, varieties of the parental nursery, biotechnological lines and wild species and their integral indicator of drought resistance. The studied samples were grown in the nurseries of field selection crop rotation. Accordingly, the initial material with the highest drought resistance value has been defined. Among the evaluated material, eight hybrids of the competitive and ecological test have been selected (drought resistance coefficient was ranging from 59.4% to 84.8%) and five biotechnological lines of ‘Hlazurna’ and ‘Dorohin’ varieties (drought resistance coefficient was in the range of 55.5% to 67.5%). As for wild species, almost half of the samples (47.8%) were characterized by a high coefficient of drought resistance (from 55 to 78%). Selected samples with high values of drought resistance were recommended to use as a source and drought resistance donors when creating new potato varieties. Conclusions. The initial potato material (hybrids, varieties, biotechnological lines and wild species) with high values of drought resistance (55.0–84.8%) has been selected. These samples are recommended to use in the breeding process when creating new drought resistance potato varieties.

Purpose. To reveal breeding and genetic peculiarities of modern spring barley varieties for the “number of grains per main ear” trait and identify genetic sources of increased combining ability for involving in hybridization. Methods. Investigations were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. Modern varieties of domestic (‘Virazh’, ‘Talisman Myronivskyi’, ‘Komandor’) and foreign (‘KWS Aliciana’, ‘KWS Bambina’, ‘Zhana’, ‘Explorer’) breeding were involved in crossing for a full (7´7) diallel scheme. Parents and F1 were studied in field conditions during 2014–2016. Results. The analysis of variance of combining ability has shown a significant advantage in varying of general combining ability (GCA) effects. The mean square of specific combining ability (SCA) was significantly less than the GCA, but reliable throughout the years. The reciprocal effect was reliable only in 2014. Stably high effects of GCA during all years of investigations were noted in the varieties ‘KWS Aliciana’ (1.18–1.62) and ‘Virazh’ (1.33–1.48). The variety ‘KWS Bambina’ was characterized by lower but reliable positive effects of GCA (0.43–0.99) as compared to mentioned above. Non-allelic gene interaction was not found, that allowed to calculate the basic parameters of genetic variation. During all years of investigations, dominant effects of genes (H1 and H2) prevailed over the additive (D) ones in phenotypic expression of grain number per main ear. Mean degree of dominance in the experiment (H1/D) has shown overdominance. The same pattern was also distinctive for the index of mean degree of dominance in the loci . The dominance was reliably directed. Dominant effects of genes increased grain content, and recessive ones reduced it. At least 3–4 genes (groups of genes) have been revealed which determined the effects of dominance. At the same time, recessive genes (F<0) or gene effects were prevailed quantitatively in the varieties investigated. A high coefficient of heritability in broad sense (H2 = 0.98) has shown a significant determination of phenotypic variability with genetic factors. The coefficient of heritability in narrow sense (h2 = 0.66–0.68) confirmed that despite the advantage of dominant effects over the additive ones, the contribution of the latter was also significant. Conclusions. The prevalence of dominant effects of genes in the phenotypic expression of the number of grains per main ear causes the need for sufficient sample size of hybrid material and points to the expediency of conducting a more “rigid” selection for phenotype in later generations. At the same time, the considerable contribution of additive effects and high values of heritability indices give reason to predict the efficiency of selections aimed at increasing the trait in created hybrid material. The varieties ‘Virazh’, ‘KWS Aliciana’, ‘KWS Bambina’ should be used as effective genetic sources to increase grain content in combination breeding.

Purpose. To define spring barley breeding lines with an optimal combination of yielding capacity and stability under different weather conditions in the Central Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies, ANOVA, AMMI, GGE biplot analysis. Results. Hydrothermal regime during interphase periods of spring barley vegetation under conditions of The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS in 2012–2014 was characterized by significant variability, that facilitated detailed evaluation of the lines for productivity, stability, and resistance to abiotic and biotic factors. In the performance of an experiment, the highest average yielding capacity (5.87 t/ha) was noted in 2012, the lowest one (3.50 t/ha) was in 2013. As for these years, average yield of 4.63 t/ha was obtained in 2014. By applying AMMI and GGE biplot analysis, significant differences in response of the studied lines to variability of weather conditions was revealed. Using AMMI model, additive components of the main effects of the breeding lines and years of testing as well as multiplicative components of their interaction were characterized. GGE biplot genotypes ranking in relation to a hypothetical “ideal” genotype showed an absolute advantage of breeding line ‘Nutans 4540’ for yielding capacity and stability. In addition, breeding lines ‘Nutans 4241’ and ‘Nutans 4120’ were close to ideatype. Selected breeding lines were characterized by resistance and moderate resistance to leaf diseases and lodging. Conclusions. Use of AMMI and GGE biplot analysis to evaluate breeding lines at the final stages of breeding process allows to describe them thoroughly and graphically as well as differentiate them not only for average yielding capacity but also for their interaction with changing conditions during the years of testing. Breeding lines ‘Nutans 4540’, ‘Nutans 4241’, and ‘Nutans 4120’ to be identified for the stability of yielding capacity display in combination with other agronomic characters were transferred to the State variety testing as new spring barley varieties ‘MIP Myrnyi’, ‘MIP Saliut’, and ‘MIP Sotnyk’ respectively.