The results of cultivating of isolated apple anthers of immune to scab varieties are described. The peculiarities of callus formation using picloram are shown.

The ectomycorrhizal genus Lactifluus is known to contain many species complexes, consisting of morphologically very similar species, which can be considered cryptic or pseudocryptic. In this paper, a thorough molecular study is performed of the clade around Lactifluus deceptivus (originally described by Peck from North America) or the deceptive milkcaps. Even though most collections were identified as L. deceptivus, the clade is shown to contain at least 15 species, distributed across Asia and America, indicating that the L. deceptivus clade represents a species complex. These species are morphologically very similar and are characterized by a tomentose pileus with thin-walled hyphae and a velvety stipe with thick-walled hyphae. An ITS1 sequence was obtained through Illumina sequencing for the lectotype of L. deceptivus, dating from 1885, revealing which clade represents the true L. deceptivus. In addition, it is shown that three other described species also belong to the L. deceptivus clade: L. arcuatus, L. caeruleitinctus and L. mordax, and molecularly confirmed that L. tomentoso-marginatus represents a synonym of L. deceptivus. Furthermore, two new Neotropical species are described: Lactifluus hallingii and L. domingensis.

Мета. Встановити ефективність методів контролювання чисельності бур’янів стосовно продуктивності сорго звичайного двокольорового та соризу в умовах нестійкого зволоження західної частини Лісостепу України. Методи. Під час проведення дослідів використовували польовий, лабораторний і математично-статистичний методи. Так, польовий полягає у вивченні біологічних та екологічних особливостей росту, продуктивності та якості культури, включає спостереження, дотримання обліків умов і результатів. Метою лабораторного методу є виявлення взаємозв’язку між рослиною та середовищем (ґрунтом) способом їх аналізу. Математично-статистичний метод використовують для опрацювання експериментальних даних, щоб підвищити обґрунтованість результатів. Результати. За роки проведення досліджень проаналізовано видовий і кількісний склад бур’янів у посівах сорго звичайного двокольорового та соризу. Найвищу ефективність знищення бур’янів відмічено у варіанті з ручним прополюванням – 95,0–97,0%, за хімічного обробітку – 82,0–83,0%, за механічного – 78,6–88,5%. У контрольному варіанті (без догляду) забур’яненість, навпаки, збільшилась на 10,3–13,9%. Найнижчу врожайність зерна та біомаси у сортів ‘Дніпровський 39’ (2,35 і 22,23 т/га) та ‘Самаран 6’ (2,50 і 22,7 т/га) отримано на забур’яненому варіанті (контроль). Дещо вищу – за механічного обробітку. Застосування хімічного способу контролювання сприяло збільшенню кількості врожаю до 3,40 т/га зерна і 29,07 т/га біомаси у сорго та 2,80 т/га зерна і 27,73 т/га біомаси в соризу; ручне прополювання – до 3,90 т/га зерна і 32,13 т/га біомаси у сорго та 3,50 т/га зерна і 30,63 т/га біомаси в соризу. Висновки. Найбільший розрахунковий вихід біоетанолу та твердого біопалива з одиниці площі отримано завдяки ручному прополюванню у процесі вирощування сорго звичайного двокольорового (1,29 та 9,16 т/га) й соризу (1,16 та 9,09 т/га). Загальний вихід енергії становив 181,62 та 177,02 ГДж/га відповідно. В інших варіантах досліду вказані показники були нижчими. Кореляційно-регресійний аналіз даних показав сильну кореляцію між урожайністю зерна та виходом біоетанолу, врожайністю та виходом твердого біопалива, врожайністю зерна та виходом енергії з біоетанолу, врожайністю біомаси та виходом енергії з твердого біопалива. Коефіцієнт кореляції мав значення від 0,87 до 0,99, а коефіцієнт детермінації – від 0,78 до 0,99. | Purpose. To establish the effectiveness of methods of controlling the number of weeds on the energy productivity of sorghum and soryz in the conditions of unstable moisture in the western part of the forest­steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods were used in the experiments. Thus, field research consists of studying the biological and ecological characteristics of growth, productivity and quality of the crop, including observation, recording of conditions and results. The purpose of the laboratory method is to identify the relationship between the plant and the environment (soil) through their analysis. Mathematical and statistical methods are used to process experimental data in order to increase the validity of the results. Results. Over the years of research, the species and quantitative composition of weeds in crops of sorghum and soryz was established. The highest efficiency of weed control was observed in the variant with manual wee­ding – 95.0–97.0%, with chemical treatment – 82.0–83.0%, with mechanical treatment – 78.6–88.5%. On the other hand, in the control variant (no maintenance), weediness increased by 10.3–13.9%. The lowest grain and biomass yields in the varieties ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ (2.35 and 22.23 t/ha) and ‘Samaran 6’ (2.50 and 22.7 t/ha) were obtained in the weeded variant (control); slightly higher for the mechanical treatment. The use of a chemical control method helped to increase the yield to 3.40 t/ha of grain and 29.07 t/ha of biomass in sorghum and 2.80 t/ha of grain and 27.73 t/ha of biomass in soryz; manual weeding – up to 3.90 t/ha of grain and 32.13 t/ha of biomass in sorghum and 3.50 t/ha of grain and 30.63 t/ha of biomass in soriz. Conclusions. The highest estimated yields of bioethanol and solid biofuel per unit area were obtained by manual weeding in the cultivation of sorghum  (1.29 and 9.16 t/ha) and soryz (1.16 and 9.09 t/ha). The total energy output was 181.62 and 177.02 GJ/ha respectively. In other versions of the experiment, the noted indicators were lower. Correlation regression analysis of the data showed a strong correlation between grain productivity and bioethanol output, solid biofuel yield and output, grain productivity and energy output from bioethanol, biomass yield and energy output from solid biofuel. The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.87 to 0.99 and the coefficient of determination ranged from 0.78 to 0.99.

The history of creation and distribution of apple cultivar Renet Burhardta created by N .A. Gartvis is described.

The history of creation and distribution of apple cultivar Renet Burhardta created by N .A. Gartvis is described.

The peculiarities of ice-forming in the stems of 7 cultivars and forms of blackberry have been determined by means of the differential thermal analysis. The authors have established the possibility of controlling the acclimation and loss of frost- resistance by tissues caused by dehydration. The control is possible on the basis of the data about exothermal processes in the tissues.

The peculiarities of ice-forming in the stems of 7 cultivars and forms of blackberry have been determined by means of the differential thermal analysis. The authors have established the possibility of controlling the acclimation and loss of frost- resistance by tissues caused by dehydration. The control is possible on the basis of the data about exothermal processes in the tissues.

Quality of Spring Soft Wheat varieties listed in the State Register of Varieties of Ukraine for 2008, according to the grain quality indices (protein content, flour vigor, bread volume). Over 86% of Winter Wheat varieties bred by Ukrainian breeders are classified according to their quality to the strong and valuable, in contrast to 14 % of foreign varieties. This is the evidence of the Ukrainian breeding varieties ability to compete.

Yeast taxonomy and systematics have in recent years been dealt with intensively primarily by a small group of individual researchers with particular expertise. Amongst these was Johannes P. van der Walt, who had a major role in shaping our current understanding of yeast biodiversity and taxonomy. Van der Walt based his taxonomic studies not only on available cultures, but also by going into the field to isolate yeasts from various substrates. This pioneering work led to the discovery of many new genera and species, which were deposited in the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS) collections for future studies in taxonomy, genomics, and industrial uses. These treasures collected during more than 60 years provide an outstanding legacy to the yeast community and will continue to exist in his absence. This contribution provides a comprehensive overview of the current nomenclatural and taxonomic status of the yeast genera and species introduced by van der Walt during his career.

Results of systematization and morphological characteristics of two wheat species-bread (Triticum aestivum L.) and hard (Triticum durum Desf.) are given. Detail descriptions of 55 main varieties of bread wheat and 32 varieties of hard wheat arep- resented in table version. In practical application these result enable plant breeders, seed producers and variety testers to determine wheat varieties easily sinse it is method for morphological systematics of wheat.

Results of systematization and morphological characteristics of two wheat species-bread (Triticum aestivum L.) and hard (Triticum durum Desf.) are given. Detail descriptions of 55 main varieties of bread wheat and 32 varieties of hard wheat arep- resented in table version. In practical application these result enable plant breeders, seed producers and variety testers to determine wheat varieties easily sinse it is method for morphological systematics of wheat.

On the base of examinational institutions activity results summarizing by the Experts Council of State Variety Service, decision to recommend varieties for state registration of the proprietary right of intellectual property for dissemination, state registration of the proprietary rights of intellectual property, to approve the List of Perspective for Dissemination in Ukraine in 2008 Varieties, to decline state registration of the proprietary right of intellectual property, has been approved.

On the base of examinational institutions activity results summarizing by the Experts Council of State Variety Service, decision to recommend varieties for state registration of the proprietary right of intellectual property for dissemination, state registration of the proprietary rights of intellectual property, to approve the List of Perspective for Dissemination in Ukraine in 2008 Varieties, to decline state registration of the proprietary right of intellectual property, has been approved.

The infection by phytoviruses and the productivity formation in the new varieties of winter bread wheat in the different years with virus damage were investigated. There were identified the varieties being more tolerant to the observed diseases, among these - the samples with different constituents of tolerance, which could be used in the breeding programs.

The infection by phytoviruses and the productivity formation in the new varieties of winter bread wheat in the different years with virus damage were investigated. There were identified the varieties being more tolerant to the observed diseases, among these - the samples with different constituents of tolerance, which could be used in the breeding programs.

The problems concerning selection of winter wheat and grain quality have been studied. It has found out the regularity of formation of technological values required in hybrid plants; questions of intensification of protein and gluten producing in grain; questions of their quality and inheritability in varieties. Key words: winter wheat, mass of 1000 seeds, protein and gluten contain, sedimentation, flour power, bread volume, heredity, selection steps, falling time.

The problems concerning selection of winter wheat and grain quality have been studied. It has found out the regularity of formation of technological values required in hybrid plants; questions of intensification of protein and gluten producing in grain; questions of their quality and inheritability in varieties. Key words: winter wheat, mass of 1000 seeds, protein and gluten contain, sedimentation, flour power, bread volume, heredity, selection steps, falling time.