On the basis of literary sources history of origin and development of agriculture is rotined in Ancient. The first Civilizations arose up on fat streamside lands of the large rivers: Nile, Euphrates, tiger, Inda, Ganga and other Earths and plenty of water are fertile during an overflow, a warm climate allowed to Ancient civilizations to grow 2-3 harvests in a year. For the receipt of high harvests, a man had to study the modes of overflow of the rivers, look after heavenly bodies, determine the areas of scopes and terms of leadthrough of the field works. The decision of these questions resulted in the origin of agronomics, astronomy, mathematics. Large harvests were instrumental in the origin of peculiar, enriching of the states, to development of trade and culture on the whole. Riches of country and overpopulation resulted in the origin of wars which one states perished as a result of, second – blossomed. Scientists consider that a high culture, intensive exploitation of soils and aggressiveness of man, brought the most Ancient Civilizations over to the ecological crisis and their elimination.

On the basis of literary sources history of origin and development of agriculture is rotined in Ancient. The first Civilizations arose up on fat streamside lands of the large rivers: Nile, Euphrates, tiger, Inda, Ganga and other Earths and plenty of water are fertile during an overflow, a warm climate allowed to Ancient civilizations to grow 2-3 harvests in a year. For the receipt of high harvests, a man had to study the modes of overflow of the rivers, look after heavenly bodies, determine the areas of scopes and terms of leadthrough of the field works. The decision of these questions resulted in the origin of agronomics, astronomy, mathematics. Large harvests were instrumental in the origin of peculiar, enriching of the states, to development of trade and culture on the whole. Riches of country and overpopulation resulted in the origin of wars which one states perished as a result of, second – blossomed. Scientists consider that a high culture, intensive exploitation of soils and aggressiveness of man, brought the most Ancient Civilizations over to the ecological crisis and their elimination.

Optimal amounts of new organic universal fertilizer “Dominanta” applied for treatment of Head Lettuce of Smuglianka variety have been established by complex of field and laboratory experiments. Techniques and rates and terms of the organic fertilizer application that provide high feasible biological yield and quality of merchantable heads of Cutting Lettuce have been rationalized.

Optimal amounts of new organic universal fertilizer “Dominanta” applied for treatment of Head Lettuce of Smuglianka variety have been established by complex of field and laboratory experiments. Techniques and rates and terms of the organic fertilizer application that provide high feasible biological yield and quality of merchantable heads of Cutting Lettuce have been rationalized.

The results of studies on the major agronomic traits of the best com hybrids of different maturity groups on their suitability to grow in south-western part of the forest- steppe. Use in production practice the proper Selection of hybrids of maize provides an opportunity not only to predict the volume of its production, but also significantly save energy at the post-harvest handling of grains of this crop.

The results of studies on the major agronomic traits of the best com hybrids of different maturity groups on their suitability to grow in south-western part of the forest- steppe. Use in production practice the proper Selection of hybrids of maize provides an opportunity not only to predict the volume of its production, but also significantly save energy at the post-harvest handling of grains of this crop.

The authors present the results of estimating seven raspberry cultivars - 'Novokutaivs'ka'(c), 'Phenomen' (c), 'Sanya', 'Perseya', 'Gusar', 'Kryepysh' and 'Strunka' - concerning their capability of forming yield depending on the cultivation year weather conditions. The cv 'Gusar' has been selected which had the highest yield of high-quality berries for two years of researches (2009-2010).

The authors present the results of estimating seven raspberry cultivars - 'Novokutaivs'ka'(c), 'Phenomen' (c), 'Sanya', 'Perseya', 'Gusar', 'Kryepysh' and 'Strunka' - concerning their capability of forming yield depending on the cultivation year weather conditions. The cv 'Gusar' has been selected which had the highest yield of high-quality berries for two years of researches (2009-2010).

The article reflects the progress of genetic decrease of Rye F 3k- 10029/ Saratovske (Саратовське) 4 height by means of the shortest stem plants selection during the period from 1974 to 2010. 37 years selection of the shortest- stern genotypes decreased the plants height from 119.33 cm to 22.57cm. Targeted selection into minus direction decreased the plants height in 5,29 times on the background of the dominant HI expression. In average, the height of plants in the course of 27 breeding cycles were decreasing by 2.69 cm, but that was not going gradually. A new donor Gnom 3 had been created for ultra short-stem trait of the Winter Rye, with the marking of alleles HI-3HI-3. Relative influence on the minus selection efficiency has been established by height of plants for the selection differential (38%) and coefficient of inheritance in narrow sense (14,56%). Realized efficiency of selection in decrease of winter rye height in 72,08% of cases corresponded to predicted hit ration of the breeding. Analyzes of genetic and statistical parameters and correlation clusters of 11 utilitarian average characteristics of ultra short- stem rye Gnom 3 for the period of 1974 to 2010 has been performed.

Purpose. Determining prospects of introducing Callistephus chinensis cultivars of foreign breeding for further cultivation under conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical and statistical ones. Results. Ten C. сhinensis cultivars of theGerman breeding were tested under conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Biomorphological traits of the varieties of five sort types were identified, and their comparative analysis was conducted. Seasonal dynamics of growth and development of cultivars in the growing area was studied. Conclusions. Cultivars with short and mean duration phases of development can be grown under conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine by direct sowing that does not affect their seed productivity and sowing quality of seeds. Seeds of late cultivars can reach complete maturity only in case of seedling use. C. chinensis cultivars of the German breeding have successfully passed the initial test for suitability to introduction into the studied area.

The estimation of drought hardiness of sea buckthorn varieties of different environmental and geographical origin was made in the field and laboratory conditions. In late August the drought hardiness was estimated according to leaf injures and abscission in the field conditions. In the laboratory conditions were determined the main characteristics of water regime: tissue water saturation, water deficit, leaf water retaining ability. As a consequence, the studied varieties were divided into groups with different drought hardiness degree.

The estimation of drought hardiness of sea buckthorn varieties of different environmental and geographical origin was made in the field and laboratory conditions. In late August the drought hardiness was estimated according to leaf injures and abscission in the field conditions. In the laboratory conditions were determined the main characteristics of water regime: tissue water saturation, water deficit, leaf water retaining ability. As a consequence, the studied varieties were divided into groups with different drought hardiness degree.

Expediency explanation is provided for foundation in the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination of Winter Wheat Varieties Resistance to Abiotic Environment Factors Diagnostics Laboratory, as well as for examination of varieties on their suitability for dissemination to provide new approaches and techniques of plant varieties resistance diagnostics; for systematic, indepth and comprehensive studying of the most important adaptive features of plant varieties, which to take into account when registering varieties, national varietal resources formation and seed production organization.

Expediency explanation is provided for foundation in the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination of Winter Wheat Varieties Resistance to Abiotic Environment Factors Diagnostics Laboratory, as well as for examination of varieties on their suitability for dissemination to provide new approaches and techniques of plant varieties resistance diagnostics; for systematic, indepth and comprehensive studying of the most important adaptive features of plant varieties, which to take into account when registering varieties, national varietal resources formation and seed production organization.

Визначено рівні індивідуальної мінливості елементів технологічної якості коренеплодів у популяцій запилювачів урожайного і цукристого напрямів добору уладівської селекції. На основі генетично статистичних параметрів сформовано групу з кращих генотипів для подальшого селекційного опрацювання. Популяції У 1948-Z та У 752-E придатні для рекурентної селекції на покращання технологічної якості сировини.

Phytopathogenic fungi in the order Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes) cause diseases on numerous economically important crops worldwide. In this study, we reassessed the diaporthalean species associated with prominent diseases of strawberry, namely leaf blight, leaf blotch, root rot and petiole blight, based on molecular data and morphological characters using fresh and herbarium collections. Combined analyses of four nuclear loci, 28S ribosomal DNA/large subunit rDNA (LSU), ribosomal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S ribosomal DNA (ITS), and partial sequences of second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-a (TEF1), were used to reconstruct a phylogeny for these pathogens. Results confirmed that the leaf blight pathogen formerly known as Phomopsis obscurans belongs in the family Melanconiellaceae and is not congeneric with Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis). A new genus Paraphomopsis is introduced herein with a new combination, Paraphomopsis obscurans, to accommodate the leaf blight fungus. Gnomoniopsis fragariae comb. nov. (Gnomoniaceae), is introduced to accommodate Gnomoniopsis fructicola, the cause of leaf blotch of strawberry. Fresh collections and new molecular data were incorporated for the recently typified species, Paragnomia fragariae (Sydowiellace), which causes petiole blight and root rot of Fragaria spp. and is distinct from the above taxa. An updated multi-locus phylogeny for the Diaporthales is provided to place and distinguish the leaf blight and leaf blotch pathogen, as well as the species associated with petiole blight and root rot of strawberry.

Phytopathogenic fungi in the order Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes) cause diseases on numerous economically important crops worldwide. In this study, we reassessed the diaporthalean species associated with prominent diseases of strawberry, namely leaf blight, leaf blotch, root rot and petiole blight, based on molecular data and morphological characters using fresh and herbarium collections. Combined analyses of four nuclear loci, 28S ribosomal DNA/large subunit rDNA (LSU), ribosomal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S ribosomal DNA (ITS), partial sequences of second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1), were used to reconstruct a phylogeny for these pathogens. Results confirmed that the leaf blight pathogen formerly known as Phomopsis obscurans belongs in the family Melanconiellaceae and not with Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) or any other known genus in the order. A new genus Paraphomopsis is introduced herein with a new combination, Paraphomopsis obscurans, to accommodate the leaf blight fungus. Gnomoniopsis fragariae comb. nov. (Gnomoniaceae), is introduced to accommodate Gnomoniopsis fructicola, the cause of leaf blotch of strawberry. Both of the fungi causing leaf blight and leaf blotch were epitypified. Fresh collections and new molecular data were incorporated for Paragnomonia fragariae (Sydowiellaceae), which causes petiole blight and root rot of strawberry and is distinct from the above taxa. An updated multilocus phylogeny for the Diaporthales is provided with representatives of currently known families.

The article researched genetic potential, morpho-biological characteristics and features of new varieties of winter wheat varieties of semi-dwarf and short-stem types. It was established that new generation of such varieties displayed improved architectonic of plants, as well as a complex of morphological and economical value chararacteristics and features, combined high genetic potential of productivity with good adopting features, and short stem with high resistance to drowning, and generated higher crop capacity compared to conventional mid-ripening varieties.

Discussed problems of planetary changes of climate, through that it is necessary to revise the terms of sowing of winter crops, and also structure of sowing of agricultural cultures. The brought transpiration coefficients over of basic agricultural cultures, that must be taken into account for forming of structure of their sowing. On the example of wheat winter-annual the done attempt to be determined with priority directions in the selection of agricultural cultures.