خيارات البحث
النتائج 1 - 10 من 391
The environmental situation in Baltic countries and their environmental management strategy.
1994
Kairiukstis L.
Acidic deposition: what is fact, what is speculation, what is needed?
1989
Foster N.W.
Comparative environmental impacts of glyphosate and conventional herbicides when used with glyphosate-tolerant and non-tolerant crops.
2010
Mamy , Laure (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Gabrielle , Benoit (INRA , Thiverval-Grignon (France). UMR 1091 Environnement et Grandes Cultures) | Barriuso Benito , Enrique (INRA , Thiverval-Grignon (France). UMR 1091 Environnement et Grandes Cultures)
The introduction of glyphosate-tolerant (GT) crops is expected to mitigate the environmental contamination by herbicides because glyphosate is less persistent and toxic than the herbicides used on non-GT crops. Here, we compared the environmental balances of herbicide applications for both crop types in three French field trials. The dynamic of herbicides and their metabolites in soil, groundwater and air was simulated with PRZM model and compared to field measurements. The associated impacts were aggregated with toxicity potentials calculated with the fate and exposure model USES for several environmental endpoints. The impacts of GT systems were lower than those of non-GT systems, but the accumulation in soils of one glyphosate metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid) questions the sustainability of GT systems. The magnitude of the impacts depends on the rates and frequency of glyphosate application being highest for GT maize monoculture and lowest for combination of GT oilseed rape and non-GT sugarbeet crops. The impacts of herbicide applications on glyphosate-tolerant crops could be higher than expected due to the accumulation of a metabolite of glyphosate in soils.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]New critical levels for ozone effects on young trees based on AOT 40 and simulated leaf uptake of ozone
2004
Karlsson, Pererik | Uddling, Johan | Braun, Sabine | Broadmeadow, Mark | Elvira, Susana | Gimeno, Benjamin | Le Thiec, Didier, | Oksanen, Elina | Vandermeiren, Karine | Wilkinson, Matthew | Emberson, Lisa
New critical levels for ozone effects on young trees based on AOT 40 and simulated leaf uptake of ozone
2004
Karlsson, Pererik | Uddling, Johan | Braun, Sabine | Broadmeadow, Mark | Elvira, Susana | Gimeno, Benjamin | Le Thiec, Didier | Oksanen, Elina | Vandermeiren, Karine | Wilkinson, Matthew | Emberson, Lisa | Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL) | Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences ; Göteborgs Universitet = University of Gothenburg (GU) | Institute for Applied Plant Biology ; Partenaires INRAE | Forest Research [Great Britain] | Ecotoxicidad de la Contaminacion Atmosferica ; Partenaires INRAE | Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | University of Joensuu | Sciensano [Bruxelles] ; Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP) | Stockholm Environment Institute at York (SEI-YORK) ; University of York [York, UK]
International audience
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Physicochemical and biological characterisation of different dredged sediment deposit sites in France
2006
Capilla, Xavier | Schwartz, Christophe | Bedell, Jean-Philippe | Sterckeman, Thibault | Perrodin, Yves | Morel, Jean-Louis | Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement ; École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE) | Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)
Physicochemical and biological characterisation of different dredged sediment deposit sites in France
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Prediction of the oxidation potential of PM2.5 exposures from pollutant composition and sources
2022
Shang, Jing | Zhang, Yuanxun | Schauer, James J. | Chen, Sumin | Yang, Shujian | Han, Tingting | Zhang, Dong | Zhang, Jinjian | An, Jianxiong
The inherent oxidation potential (OP) of atmospheric particulate matter has been shown to be an important metric in assessing the biological activity of inhaled particulate matter and is associated with the composition of PM₂.₅. The current study examined the chemical composition of 388 personal PM₂.₅ samples collected from students and guards living in urban and suburban areas of Beijing, and assessed the ability to predict OP from the calculated metrics of carcinogenic risk, represented by ELCR (excess lifetime cancer risk), non-carcinogenic risk represented by HI (hazard index), and the composition and sources of the particulate matter using multiple linear regression methods. The correlations between calculated ELCR and HI and the measured OP were 0.37 and 0.7, respectively. HI was a better predictor of OP than ELCR. The prediction models based on pollutants (Model_1) and pollution sources (Model_2) were constructed by multiple linear regression method, and Pearson correlation coefficients between the predicted results of Model_1 and Model_2 with the measured volume normalized OP are 0.81 and 0.80, showing good prediction ability. Previous investigations in Europe and North America have developed location-specific relationships between the chemical composition of particulate matter and OP using regression methods. We also examined the ability of relationships between OP and composition, sources, developed in Europe and North America, to predict the OP of particulate matter in Beijing from the composition and sources determined in Beijing. The relationships developed in Europe and North America provided good predictive ability in Beijing and it suggests that these relationships can be used to predict OP from the chemical composition measured in other regions of the world.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Source apportionment, identification and characterization, and emission inventory of ambient particulate matter in 22 Eastern Mediterranean Region countries: A systematic review and recommendations for good practice
2022
Faridi, Sasan | Yousefian, Fatemeh | Roostaei, Vahid | Harrison, Roy M. | Azimi, Faramarz | Niazi, Sadegh | Naddafi, Kazem | Momeniha, Fatemeh | Malkawi, Mazen | Moh'd Safi, Heba Adel | Rad, Mona Khaleghy | Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh
Little is known about the main sources of ambient particulate matter (PM) in the 22 Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries. We designed this study to systematically review all published and unpublished source apportionment (SA), identification and characterization studies as well as emission inventories in the EMR. Of 440 articles identified, 82 (11 emission inventory ones) met our inclusion criteria for final analyses. Of 22 EMR countries, Iran with 30 articles had the highest number of studies on source specific PM followed by Pakistan (n = 15 articles) and Saudi Arabia (n = 8 papers). By contrast, there were no studies in Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Approximately 72% of studies (51) were published within a span of 2015–2021.48 studies identified the sources of PM₂.₅ and its constituents. Positive matrix factorization (PMF), principal component analysis (PCA) and chemical mass balance (CMB) were the most common approaches to identify the source contributions of ambient PM. Both secondary aerosols and dust, with 12–51% and 8–80% (33% and 30% for all EMR countries, on average) had the greatest contributions in ambient PM₂.₅. The remaining sources for ambient PM₂.₅, including mixed sources (traffic, industry and residential (TIR)), traffic, industries, biomass burning, and sea salt were in the range of approximately 4–69%, 4–49%, 1–53%, 7–25% and 3–29%, respectively. For PM₁₀, the most dominant source was dust with 7–95% (49% for all EMR countries, on average). The limited number of SA studies in the EMR countries (one study per approximately 9.6 million people) in comparison to Europe and North America (1 study per 4.3 and 2.1 million people respectively) can be augmented by future studies that will provide a better understanding of emission sources in the urban environment.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Assessing the chemical anthropocene – Development of the legacy pollution fingerprint in the North Sea during the last century
2022
Logemann, A. | Reininghaus, M. | Schmidt, M. | Ebeling, A. | Zimmermann, T. | Wolschke, H. | Friedrich, J. | Brockmeyer, B. | Pröfrock, D. | Witt, G.
The North Sea and its coastal zones are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities, which has resulted in significant chemical pollution ever since the beginning of the industrialization in Europe during the 19th century. In order to assess the chemical Anthropocene, natural archives, such as sediment cores, can serve as a valuable data source to reconstruct historical emission trends and to verify the effectiveness of changing environmental legislation. In this study, we investigated 90 contaminants covering inorganic and organic pollutant groups analyzed in a set of sediment cores taken in the North Seas' main sedimentation area (Skagerrak). We thereby develop a chemical pollution fingerprint that records the constant input of pollutants over time and illustrates their continued great relevance for the present. Additionally, samples were radiometrically dated and PAH and PCB levels in porewater were determined using equilibrium passive sampling. Furthermore, we elucidated the origin of lead (Pb) contamination utilizing non-traditional stable isotopic analysis. Our results reveal three main findings: 1. for all organic contaminant groups covered (PAHs, OCPs, PCBs, PBDEs and PFASs) as well as the elements lead (Pb) and titanium (Ti), determined concentrations decreased towards more recent deposited sediment. These decreasing trends could be linked to the time of introductions of restrictions and bans and therefor our results confirm, amongst possible other factors, the effectiveness of environmental legislation by revealing a successive change in contamination levels over the decades. 2. concentration trends for ΣPAH and ΣPCB measured in porewater correspond well with the ones found in sediment which suggests that this method can be a useful expansion to traditional bulk sediment analysis to determine the biologically available pollutant fraction. 3. Arsenic (As) concentrations were higher in younger sediment layers, potentially caused by emissions of corroded warfare material disposed in the study area after WW II.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]A closer look on the variety and abundance of the faecal resistome of wild boar
2022
Dias, Diana | Fonseca, Carlos | Mendo, Sónia | Caetano, Tânia
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious problem for public and animal health, and also for the environment. Monitoring and reporting the occurrence of AMR determinants and bacteria with the potential to disseminate is a priority for health surveillance programs around the world and critical to the One Health concept. Wildlife is a reservoir of AMR, and human activities can strongly influence their resistome.The main goal of this work was to study the resistome of wild boar faecal microbiome, one of the most important game species in Europe using metagenomic and culturing approaches. The most abundant genes identified by the high-throughput qPCR array encode mobile genetic elements, including integrons, which can promote the dissemination of AMR determinants. A diverse set of genes (n = 62) conferring resistance to several classes of antibiotics (ARGs), some of them included in the WHO list of critically important antimicrobials were also detected. The most abundant ARGs confer resistance to tetracyclines and aminoglycosides. The phenotypic resistance of E. coli and Enterococcus spp. were also investigated, and together supported the metagenomic results.As the wild boar is an omnivorous animal, it can be a disseminator of AMR bacteria and ARGs to livestock, humans, and the environment. This study supports that wild boar can be a key sentinel species in ecosystems surveillance and should be included in National Action Plans to fight AMR, adopting a One Health approach.
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