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النتائج 1 - 10 من 10
Method optimization to measure polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in soils of Bratislava, Slovakia
2010
Thorenz, Ute Rita | Bandowe, Benjamin A Musa | Sobocka, Jaroslava | Wilcke, Wolfgang
We modified an analytical method to determine polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in urban soils of Bratislava (Slovakia). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) introduced as a clean-up step for soil extracts substantially reduced matrix enhancements when PBDEs were measured with gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS). The resulting method proved to be accurate, precise, and showed low detection limits. The sum of 15 PBDE concentrations in surface horizons of Bratislava soils ranged from 87 to 627 pg g-1. PBDE concentrations were mostly higher in surface than deeper horizons probably because of atmospheric deposition and lack of substantial vertical transport. Lower brominated PBDEs undergo more soil-atmosphere exchanges or are more scavenged and transferred with litter fall to the soil organic matter than higher brominated ones as suggested by the correlation between lower brominated PBDEs and soil organic C (Corg) concentrations.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Seasonal variability and mitigation options for N2O emissions from differently managed grasslands
1998
Kammann, C. | Grunhage, L. | Muller, C. | Jacobi, S. | Jager, H.J. (Institute for Plant Ecology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, D-35392 Giessen, Germany)
Field application of acid mist to a single clone of Sitka spruce: effects on foliar nutrition and frost hardiness
1997
Sheppard, L.J. | Crossley, A. | Harvey, F.J. | Wilson, D. | Cape, J.N. (Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB (United Kingdom))
Effects of acid mist on mature grafts of Sitka spruce. Part I. Frost hardiness and foliar nutrient concentrations
1994
Sheppard, L.J. | Leith, I.D. | Cape, J.N. (Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 OQB, Midlothian (United Kingdom))
Accelerated dehardening in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) induced by a small elevation in air temperature
1997
Taulavuori, K. | Laine, K. | Taulavuori, E. | Pakonen, T. | Saari, E. (Department of Biology, Botany, PO Box 333, University of Oulu, FIN-90571 Oulu (Finland))
Open-top chamber and field exposure of Sitka spruce to simulated acid mist: a comparison of results
1997
Sheppard, L.J. | Leith, I.D. | Morris, E. | Cape, J.N. | Roberts, D. (Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB (United Kingdom))
Influence of soil substrate and ozone plus acid mist on the frost resistance of young Norway spruce
1990
Senser, M. (Botanisches Institut der Universitat, 8000 Munich 19 (Germany))
Nutrients and structural dynamics of conifer needles in South Sweden 1985-1987
1989
Nihlgaard, B. (Lund University (Sweden). Dep. of Plant Ecology)
Changes in the nature of dissolved organics during pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment: a multivariate statistical study combining data from three analytical techniques
2014
Plant, Emma L. | Smernik, Ronald J. | Leeuwen, John van | Greenwood, Paul | Macdonald, Lynne M.
The paper-making process can produce large amounts of wastewater (WW) with high particulate and dissolved organic loads. Generally, in developed countries, stringent international regulations for environmental protection require pulp and paper mill WW to be treated to reduce the organic load prior to discharge into the receiving environment. This can be achieved by primary and secondary treatments involving both chemical and biological processes. These processes result in complex changes in the nature of the organic material, as some components are mineralised and others are transformed. In this study, changes in the nature of organics through different stages of secondary treatment of pulp and paper mill WW were followed using three advanced characterisation techniques: solid-state¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Each technique provided a different perspective on the changes that occurred. To compare the different chemical perspectives in terms of the degree of similarity/difference between samples, we employed non-metric multidimensional scaling. Results indicate that NMR and HPSEC provided strongly correlated perspectives, with 86 % of the discrimination between the organic samples common to both techniques. Conversely, py-GCMS was found to provide a unique, and thus complementary, perspective.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]The impact of gaseous ammonia deposition on frost hardening of Scots pine needles
1995
Clement, J.M.A.M. (Groningen Univ., Haren (Netherlands). Plant Biology Dept.)
The effect of atmospheric NH3 deposition on freezing tolerance of needles of Scots pine was investigated. Needles from 3 month old seedlings and from 20-30 year old field-grown Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees were studied. Seedlings were exposed to NH3 during the first stage of hardening in the laboratory. Field-grown trees were growing in a "clean" or an NH3 polluted area. In the 3 month old seedlings, exposure to 1000 ml 1** (-1) NH3 for 4 weeks resulted in a 40 increase of total nitrogen content. Freezing tolerance of the needles was significantly enhanced in the NH3 exposed seedlings. In the field-grown trees, current and one year old needles were studied. Freezing tolerance of the current year needles did not differ significantly between the two forest stands. However, one year old needles from the NH3 polluted stand were significantly less frost hardened from October until February. Total nitrogen content was higher in both current and one year old needles from the NH3 polluted stand. At the same time, potassium content of these needles was lower compared to the needles from the clean stand. The content of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus did not differ significantly. It was concluded that a decrease of freezing tolerance upon atmospheric NH3 was not directly related to an increased nitrogen content, but might probably be due to the nutrient imbalance of the needles.
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