This study was carried out to comparatively evaluate the bioaccumulation potency of Zn bulk and nanoparticles in Oreochromis niloticus and to investigate the induced hematological and histological alterations. Fish were exposed to ½ LC50/96 h values of both bulk and nano Zn meal for 7, 14, and 28 days. Concerning metal bioaccumulation factor (BAF), the data displayed that zinc nanoparticles (Zn NPs) had more efficiency to penetrate the studied tissues such as the liver, kidneys, gills, skin, and muscle. Hematological parameters named red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) values were altered in Zn NPs treated groups after 14th and 28th days while these hematological parameters recovered to some extent in bulk particles (BPs) treated groups at the end of the experimental period. The changes in hematological parameters were found to be time dependent. Blood indices such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) revealed the presence of normocytic normochromic anemia in the studied groups at the most exposure periods except microcytic hypochromic anemia at the 7th day of bulk particles exposed fish. Based on histological end points, several alterations in the gills, liver, and kidney tissues were observed. Severely deformations were observed at NPs treated fish groups which varied between adaptive changes to tissue damage at the end of exposure period. The deformations were recorded to be increased in NPs exposed fish compared to BPs treated fish throughout the study periods.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of subacute exposure to static magnetic fields (SMF) on hematological and muscle biochemical parameters in rats. Male Wistar rats, daily exposed to SMF, were exposed to SMF (128 mT, 1 h/day) during 15 consecutive days. SMF-exposed rats showed a significant decrease in red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) values compared to sham-exposed rats (p < 0.05). Concomitant decreases of plasma iron level against increase in transferrin amount were also observed after SMF exposure (p < 0.0.05). In postprandial condition, SMF-exposed rats presented higher plasma lactate (p < 0.01). Additionally, SMF exposure increased monocarboxylate transporters (MCT4) and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4)’s contents only in glycolytic muscle (p < 0.05). SMF exposure induced alteration of hematological parameters; importantly, we noticed a pseudoanemia status, which seems to affect tissue oxygen delivery. Additionally, SMF exposure seems to favor the extrusion of lactate from the cell to the blood compartment. Given that, these arguments advocate for an adaptive response to a hypoxia status following SMF exposure.

The present study was designed to study the effect of brick kilns emissions on the reproductive health and biochemical status of brick kiln workers and people living in the area near brick kilns. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly reduced in brick makers, carriers, and bakers compared to the control. Red blood cells count and hematocrit (%) were significantly high in brick bakers while MCH was significantly reduced in brick makers and brick bakers. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and chromium) concentration in whole blood of the brick kiln workers were significantly higher as compared to the control. Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, POD, GSH, and GR) were significantly reduced in brick kiln workers as compared to the control while TBARS level were significantly high in brick bakers as compared to the control. Plasma leutinizing hormone (LH) was significantly high in brick bakers while testosterone concentrations were significantly reduced in brick makers, carriers, and bakers. The present study shows that brick kiln workers and people living in the brick kiln vicinity are exposed to heavy metals and other pollutants that is a serious threat to their health. Alternate technology is needed to be developed and brick kilns should be replaced.