In this study, some different selected plant leaves grown in Jordan such as Citrus limon (Rutaceae), Ceratonia siliqua L., Olea europaea (Oleaceae), Washingtonia filifera, and Myoporum (Myoporaceae) were examined for removal of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) ions from aqueous solutions. Cu and Zn were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. A pH S-2 acidometer was used for determining the acidity of leaves solution system. Our findings showed the plants leaves were relatively efficient for removal of Cu and Zn compared to activated carbon. Removal of a 5 mg/L aqueous metal solution of Cu and Zn was treated with 2.5 g oven-dried plant in a 50 mL deionized water. The removal of Cu and Zn was expressed in terms of a time function ranged between 0 and 192 hours of contact time. The uptake of Cu and Zn by plant leaves was arranged in the following order:(i)Cu: Activated carbon > Washingtonia filifera > Ceratonia siliqua L. > Olea europaea (Oleaceae) > Myoporum (Myoporaceae) > Citrus limon (Rutaceae)(ii)Zn: Activated carbon > Olea europaea (Oleaceae) > Citrus limon (Rutaceae) > Ceratonia siliqua L. > Washingtonia filifera > Myoporum (Myoporaceae)

The consequence of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of the heavy metal concentrations in street dust of North Cyprus is yet to be reported. This study is aimed at investigating the concentration of six different heavy metals’ concentration explicitly: As, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, and Pb, along leading highways in Nicosia. The result obtained was analyzed using an X-ray fluorescent machine. Multivariate and statistical methods were applied for the data analysis using xlstat MS-excel; furthermore, index of geo-accumulation (Igeo) and human health risk assessment using exposure pathways as defined by United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) pollution mode were also used for level assessment and health risk implications. The average (M ± SD) concentrations of the metals in the dust are as follows: As (17.48 ± 1.53 mg/kg), Cu (51.86 ± 8.60 mg/kg), Cr (321.14 ± 8.20 mg/kg), Pb (35.62 ± 8.54 mg/kg), Ni (64.79 ± 8.72 mg/kg), and Zn (136.13 ± 30.85 mg/kg). Variation coefficient, Vc, and principle component analysis (PCA) suggested that As, Cr, Ni, and Pb have same source of pollution emission from both natural and anthropogenic activities, Zn from traffic emission while Cu from natural source. However, the result was compared with other nearby towns bordering North Cyprus; all the metal shows similar pattern of pollution with the exception of Cr which is 5 and 11 times higher than street dust of Amman (Jordan) and Tokat (Turkey), respectively. Additionally, Igeo result has the following decreasing order: Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > As and also revealed that the As, Cu, and Ni have originated from natural source. Cr has mix source: one from traffic and the other one from atmospheric deposition. Also, Pb is emitted from industrial pollution, whereas 80% of Zn are from traffic-related emissions. The non-carcinogenic health risk (hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI)) follows the order Cr > As>Ni > Pb > Zn > Cu for children and adults. It is found that the HI of As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn is less one; hence, the street dust does not exhibit non-carcinogenic health risk. But that of Cr content is greater than one, with HI values of Cr 1.44E+02 and 1.55E+01 for children and adults, respectively. The result for carcinogenic health risk (total cancer risk (TCR)) has the following order: Pb (1.42E−05) > Cr (4.81E−09) > (Ni 1.35E−09) > As (1.96E−10). With all the values less than threshed hole limit of TCR ≥ 10⁻⁴, street dust does not possess carcinogenic health risk for the entire values of six heavy metals considered in this work.