خيارات البحث
النتائج 1 - 10 من 23
Assessing ecotoxicity and uptake of metals and metalloids in relation to two different earthworm species (Eiseina horterzsis and Lumbricus terrestris)
2013
Leveque , Thibaut (Université de ToulouseEcolab Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle, Castanet-Tolosan31326 Castanet-Tolosan (France). INP-ENSATUMR 5245 CNRS-INP-UPS) | Capowiez , Yvan (INRA , Avignon (France). UR 1115 Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles) | Schreck , Eva (Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Toulouse(France). UMR 5563 CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES) | Mazzia , Christophe (Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie Marine et Continentale(France). UMR CNRS 7263) | Auffan , Mélanie (Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Aix-en-Provence(France). Europôle méditerranéen de l’Arbois) | Foucault , Yann (Université de ToulouseEcolab Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelleSociété de Traitement Chimique des Métaux, Castanet-Tolosan31326 Castanet-Tolosan Toulouse(France). INP-ENSATUMR 5245 CNRS-INP-UPS) | Austruy , Annabelle (Université de ToulouseEcolab Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle, Castanet-Tolosan31326 Castanet-Tolosan (France). INP-ENSATUMR 5245 CNRS-INP-UPS) | Dumat , Camille (auteur de correspondance) (Université de ToulouseEcolab Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle, Castanet-Tolosan31326 Castanet-Tolosan (France). INP-ENSATUMR 5245 CNRS-INP-UPS)
Due to diffuse atmospheric fallouts of process particles enriched by metals and metalloids, polluted soils concern large areas at the global scale. Useful tools to assess ecotoxicity induced by these polluted soils are therefore needed. Earthworms are currently used as biotest, however the influence of specie and earthworm behaviour, soil characteristics are poorly highlighted. Our aim was therefore to assess the toxicity of various polluted soils with process particles enriches by metals and metalloids (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, As and Sb) collected from a lead recycling facility on two earthworm species belonging to different ecological types and thus likely to have contrasted behavioural responses (Eiseina hortensis and Lumbricus terrestris). The combination of behavioural factors measurements (cast production and biomass) and physicochemical parameters such as metal absorption, bioaccumulation by earthworms and their localization in invertebrate tissues provided a valuable indication of pollutant bioavailability and ecotoxicity. Soil characteristics influenced ecotoxicity and metal uptake by earthworms, as well as their soil bioturbation.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Earthworm cast production as a new behavioural biomarker for toxicity testing.
2010
Capowiez , Yvan (INRA , Avignon (France). UR 1115 Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles) | Dittbrenner , Nils (INRA , Avignon (France). UR 1115 Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles) | Rault-Léonardon , Magali (INRA , Avignon (France). UMR 0406 Abeilles et Environnement) | Triebskorn , Rita (Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen(Allemagne).) | Hedde , Mickaël (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Mazzia , Christophe (INRA , Avignon (France). UMR 0406 Abeilles et Environnement)
There is currently a lack of ecotoxicity tests adapted to earthworm species of higher ecological relevance and whose endpoints could be directly related to their ecological role in the soil. We propose a new and relatively simple ecotoxicity test based on the estimation of cast production (CP) by Lumbricus terrestris under laboratory conditions. CP was found to be linearly correlated to earthworm biomass and to be greatly influenced by soil water content. Azinphos-methyl had no effect on CP at all the concentrations tested. Significant decreases were observed at the normal application rate for other pesticides with (imidacloprid, carbaryl, methomyl) or without (ethyl-parathion and chlorpyrifos-ethyl) a clear concentration–effect response. For the highest concentration tested, reduction in CP varied between 35 and 67%. CP is straightforward and rapidly measured and ecologically meaningful. We thus believe it to be of great use as an endpoint in ecotoxicity testing.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Inhibition, recovery and oxime-induced reactivation of muscle esterases following chlorpyrifos exposure in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris
2010
Collange, Beatrice | Wheelock, C.E. | Rault-Léonardon, Magali | Mazzia, Christophe | Capowiez, Yvan | Sanchez-Hernandez, J.C. | Abeilles et Environnement (AE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU) | Avignon Université (AU) | Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics ; Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm] | Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) | Consejería de Educación y Ciencia (PCI08-0049-0228) ; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CTM 2006-11828/TECNO) ; Centre for Allergy Research Fellowship
International audience | Assessment of wildlife exposure to organophosphorus (OP) pesticides generally involves the measurement of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition, and complementary biomarkers (or related endpoints) are rarely included. Herein, we investigated the time course inhibition and recovery of ChE and carboxylesterase (CE) activities in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris exposed to chlorpyrifos, and the ability of oximes to reactivate the phosphorylated ChE activity. Results indicated that these esterase activities are a suitable multibiomarker scheme for monitoring OP exposure due to their high sensitivity to OP inhibition and slow recovery to full activity levels following pesticide exposure. Moreover, oximes reactivated the inhibited ChE activity of the earthworms exposed to 12 and 48 mg kg−1 chlorpyrifos during the first week following pesticide exposure. This methodology is useful for providing evidence for OP-mediated ChE inhibition in individuals with a short history of OP exposure (≤1 week); resulting a valuable approach for assessing multiple OP exposure episodes in the field. Esterase inhibition combined with oxime reactivation methods is a suitable approach for monitoring organophosphate contamination
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Polyester-derived microfibre impacts on the soil-dwelling earthworm Lumbricus terrestris
2019
Prendergast-Miller, Miranda T. | Katsiamides, Andreas | Abbass, Mustafa | Sturzenbaum, Stephen R. | Thorpe, Karen L. | Hodson, Mark E.
Microplastic (MP) pollution is everywhere. In terrestrial environments, microfibres (MFs) generated from textile laundering are believed to form a significant component of MPs entering soils, mainly through sewage sludge and compost applications. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of MFs on a keystone soil organism. We exposed the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris to soil with polyester MFs incorporated at rates of 0, 0.1 and 1.0 %w/w MF for a period of 35 days (in the dark at 15 °C; n = 4 for each treatment). Dried plant litter was applied at the soil surface as a food source for the earthworms. We assessed earthworm vitality through mortality, weight change, depurate production and MF avoidance testing. In addition, we measured stress biomarker responses via the expression of metallothionein-2 (mt-2), heat shock protein (hsp70) and superoxide dismutase (sod-1). Our results showed that exposure and ingestion of MFs (as evidenced by subsequent retrieval of MFs within earthworm depurates) were not lethal to earthworms, nor did earthworms actively avoid MFs. However, earthworms in the MF1.0% treatment showed a 1.5-fold lower cast production, a 24.3-fold increase in expression of mt-2 (p < 0.001) and a 9.9-fold decline in hsp70 expression (p < 0.001). Further analysis of soil and MF samples indicated that metal content was not a contributor to the biomarker results. Given that burrowing and feeding behaviour, as well as molecular genetic biomarkers, were modulated in earthworms exposed to MFs, our study highlights potential implications for soil ecosystem processes due to MF contamination.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Assessing ecotoxicity and uptake of metals and metalloids in relation to two different earthworm species (Eiseina hortensis and Lumbricus terrestris)
2013
Leveque, Thibaut | Capowiez, Yvan | Schreck, Eva | Mazzia, Christophe | Auffan, Mélanie | Foucault, Yann | Austruy, Annabelle | Dumat, Camille
Due to diffuse atmospheric fallouts of process particles enriched by metals and metalloids, polluted soils concern large areas at the global scale. Useful tools to assess ecotoxicity induced by these polluted soils are therefore needed. Earthworms are currently used as biotest, however the influence of specie and earthworm behaviour, soil characteristics are poorly highlighted. Our aim was therefore to assess the toxicity of various polluted soils with process particles enriches by metals and metalloids (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, As and Sb) collected from a lead recycling facility on two earthworm species belonging to different ecological types and thus likely to have contrasted behavioural responses (Eiseina hortensis and Lumbricus terrestris).The combination of behavioural factors measurements (cast production and biomass) and physico-chemical parameters such as metal absorption, bioaccumulation by earthworms and their localization in invertebrate tissues provided a valuable indication of pollutant bioavailability and ecotoxicity. Soil characteristics influenced ecotoxicity and metal uptake by earthworms, as well as their soil bioturbation.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Lumbricus terrestris L. activity increases the availability of metals and their accumulation in maize and barley
2011
Ruiz, E. | Alonso-Azcárate, J. | Rodriguez, L. (Luis)
The effect of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. on metal availability in two mining soils was assessed by means of chemical extraction methods and a pot experiment using crop plants. Results from single and sequential extractions showed that L. terrestris had a slight effect on metal fractionation in the studied soils: only metals bound to the soil organic matter were significantly increased in some cases. However, we found that L. terrestris significantly increased root, shoot and total Pb and Zn concentrations in maize and barley for the soil with the highest concentrations of total and available metals. Specifically, shoot Pb concentration was increased by a factor of 7.5 and 3.9 for maize and barley, respectively, while shoot Zn concentration was increased by a factor of 3.7 and 1.7 for maize and barley, respectively. Our results demonstrated that earthworm activity increases the bioavailability of metals in soils.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Earthworm cast production as a new behavioural biomarker for toxicity testing
2010
Capowiez, Yvan | Dittbrenner, Nils | Rault, Magali | Triebskorn, Rita | Hedde, Mickaël | Mazzia, Christophe
There is currently a lack of ecotoxicity tests adapted to earthworm species of higher ecological relevance and whose endpoints could be directly related to their ecological role in the soil. We propose a new and relatively simple ecotoxicity test based on the estimation of cast production (CP) by Lumbricus terrestris under laboratory conditions. CP was found to be linearly correlated to earthworm biomass and to be greatly influenced by soil water content. Azinphos-methyl had no effect on CP at all the concentrations tested. Significant decreases were observed at the normal application rate for other pesticides with (imidacloprid, carbaryl, methomyl) or without (ethyl-parathion and chlorpyrifos-ethyl) a clear concentration–effect response. For the highest concentration tested, reduction in CP varied between 35 and 67%. CP is straightforward and rapidly measured and ecologically meaningful. We thus believe it to be of great use as an endpoint in ecotoxicity testing. Cast production of Lumbricus terrestris is affected by pesticides under laboratory conditions.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Bioaccumulation of PCBs and their hydroxy and sulfonated metabolites in earthworms: Comparing lab and field results
2022
Palladini, Jessica | Bagnati, Renzo | Passoni, Alice | Davoli, Enrico | Lanno, Alessia | Terzaghi, Elisa | Falakdin, Parisa | Di Guardo, Antonio
Sulfonated and hydroxy-sulfonated PCBs were recently discovered by our group as new PCB soil contaminants, constituting about 1% of their parent compounds in soil. Here we investigate for the first time the bioaccumulation of these metabolites as well as hydroxy-PCBs and native PCBs in earthworms. A sequence of three experiments, at increasing complexity and ecological realism, were performed with four different earthworm species (Eisenia foetida Savigny, Lumbricus terrestris L, Allolobophora chlorotica Savigny and Aporrectodea caliginosa Savigny) exposed to contaminated soils. The first experiment confirmed that when exposing earthworms to soil contaminated with a single hexa-chlorinated congener (PCB 155), no formation of polar metabolites in earthworms could be detected. This allowed to plan the following two experiments, using a soil from a PCB contaminated site and rich in relatively high levels (10–130 μg kg⁻¹) of hydroxy-, sulfonated-, and hydroxy-sulfonated-PCBs. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were then obtained in the second and third experiments, to compare the accumulation behavior of these chemicals in laboratory and natural conditions. Regressions between BAF/BCF and Log Kow/Log D, produced a variety of results, being generally significant between BCF and PCBs and not significant in the other cases. In general, the metabolites accumulated in earthworms with detectable concentrations in their tissues (8–115 μg kg⁻¹), although sulfonated and hydroxy-sulfonated PCBs showed BAF and BCF values lower (up to two orders of magnitude) than those calculated for the parent PCBs, given their lower lipophilicity.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Impact of earthworms on trace element solubility in contaminated mine soils amended with green waste compost
2011
Sizmur, Tom | Palumbo-Roe, Barbara | Hodson, Mark E.
The common practice of remediating metal contaminated mine soils with compost can reduce metal mobility and promote revegetation, but the effect of introduced or colonising earthworms on metal solubility is largely unknown. We amended soils from an As/Cu (1150 mgAs kg⁻¹ and 362 mgCu kg⁻¹) and Pb/Zn mine (4550 mgPb kg⁻¹ and 908 mgZn kg⁻¹) with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% compost and then introduced Lumbricus terrestris. Porewater was sampled and soil extracted with water to determine trace element solubility, pH and soluble organic carbon. Compost reduced Cu, Pb and Zn, but increased As solubility. Earthworms decreased water soluble Cu and As but increased Pb and Zn in porewater. The effect of the earthworms decreased with increasing compost amendment. The impact of the compost and the earthworms on metal solubility is explained by their effect on pH and soluble organic carbon and the environmental chemistry of each element.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Tissue distribution, isozyme abundance and sensitivity to chlorpyrifos-oxon of carboxylesterases in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris
2009
Sanchez-Hernandez, Juan C. | Wheelock, Craig E.
A laboratory-based study was conducted to determine the basal carboxylesterase (CbE) activity in different tissues of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris, and its sensitivity to the organophosphate (OP) pesticide chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPx). Carboxylesterase activity was found in the pharynx, crop, gizzard, anterior intestine, wall muscle and reproductive tissues of L. terrestris, and multiple tissue-specific isozymes were observed by native gel electrophoresis. Esterase activity and sensitivity to CPx inhibition varied on a tissue- and substrate-specific basis, suggesting isoforms-specific selectivity to OP-mediated inhibition. Three practical issues are recommended for the use of earthworm CbE activity as a biomarker of pesticide exposure: (i) CbE should be measured using several routine substrates, (ii) it should be determined in selected tissues instead of whole organism homogenate, and (iii) earthworm CbE activity should be used in conjuncture with other common biomarkers (e.g., ChE) within a multibiomarker approach to assess field exposure of OPs, and potentially other agrochemicals. The measurement of carboxylesterase inhibition in earthworm is a sensitive and complementary biomarker of pesticide exposure.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]