خيارات البحث
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Organic contaminants sorbed to microplastics affect marine medaka fish early life stages development
2020
Le Bihanic, Florane | Clérandeau, Christelle | Cormier, Bettie | Crebassa, Jean-Claude | Keiter, Steffen, H | Beiras, Ricardo | Morin, Bénédicte | Bégout, Marie-Laure | Cousin, Xavier | Cachot, Jérôme | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Örebro University | Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques (LRH) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Laboratorio de Microbioloxía, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar and ECIMAT ; Universidade de Vigo | Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Swedish Research Council Formas 2015-01865 | ANR-15-JOCE-0002,EPHEMARE,Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics in marine ecosystems(2015)
International audience | The role of polyethylene microplastics 4-6 mu m size (MPs) in the toxicity of environmental compounds to fish early life stages (ELS) was investigated. Marine medaka Oryzias melastigma embryos and larvae were exposed to suspended MPs spiked with three model contaminants: benzo(a)pyrene (MP-BaP), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (MP-PFOS) and benzophenone-3 (MP-BP3) for 12 days. There was no evidence of MPs ingestion but MPs agglomerated on the surface of the chorion. Fish ELS exposed to virgin MPs did not show toxic effects. Exposure to MP-PFOS decreased embryonic survival and prevented hatching. Larvae exposed to MP-BaP or MP-BP3 exhibited reduced growth, increased developmental anomalies and abnormal behavior. Compared to equivalent water-borne concentrations, BaP and PFOS appeared to be more embryotoxic when spiked on MPs than when alone in seawater. These results suggest a relevant pollutant transfer by direct contact of MPs to fish ELS that should be included in the ecotoxicological risk assessment of MPs.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Trace element distribution in marine microplastics using laser ablation-ICPMS
2020
El Hadri, Hind | Gigault, Julien | Mounicou, Sandra | Grassl, Bruno | Reynaud, Stephanie
International audience | Due to the dramatic quantity of plastic debris released into our environment, one of the biggest challenges of the next decades is to trace and quantify microplastics (MPs) in our environments, especially to better evaluate their capacity to transport other contaminants such as trace metals. In this study, trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb, and U) were analyzed in the microplastic subsurface (200 μm) using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Microplastics subjected to the marine environment were collected on beaches (Guadeloupe) exposed to the north Atlantic gyre. We established a strategy to discriminate sorbed contaminants from additives based on the metal concentration profiles in MP subsurface using qualitative and quantitative approaches. A spatiotemporal correlation of the sorption pattern was proposed to compare MPs in terms of relative exposure time and time-weighted average concentrations in the exposure media.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Lessons learned from an intercalibration exercise on the quantification and characterisation of microplastic particles in sediment and water samples
2020
Cadiou, Jean-francois | Gerigny, Olivia | Koren, Š. | Zeri, C. | Kaberi, H. | Alomar, C. | Panti, C. | Fossi, M.c. | Adamopoulou, A. | Digka, N. | Deudero, S. | Concato, M. | Carbonell, A. | Baini, M. | Galli, M. | Galgani, Francois
An intercalibration exercise on the characterisation of microplastics in marine sediment and water samples was carried out among five laboratories involved in the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) in their country. The samples were prepared by mixing cleaned natural sediment and sea water with microplastics sets made of particles of various polymers, shapes and colours. Overall, the errors on total counts were under 25% in absolute value. The risk of non-detection and loss of particles is greater than the risk of contamination during sample analysis. Significant differences are observed among particle types. It appears difficult to obtain reliable and comparable data on the colour of microplastics. A comparison of the errors with regards to the protocols used led to recommend NaCl [1.2 g/cm3] density separation for sediment and one filtering step (200 μm). The operators' experience appears as a key factor for the quality of the results.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Realistic environmental exposure to microplastics does not induce biological effects in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas
2020
Revel, Messika | Châtel, Amélie | Perrein-ettajani, Hanane | Bruneau, Mélanie | Akcha, Farida | Sussarellu, Rossana | Rouxel, Julien | Costil, Katherine | Decottignies, Priscilla | Cognie, Bruno | Lagarde, Fabienne | Mouneyrac, Catherine
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and potential toxic effects of plastic fragments (<400 μm) of polyethylene and polypropylene on the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Oysters were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 0.008, 10, 100 μg of particles/L) during 10 days, followed by a depuration period of 10 days in clean seawater. Effects of microplastics were evaluated on the clearance rate of organisms, tissue alteration, antioxidant defense, immune alteration and DNA damage. Detection and quantification of microplastics in oyster's tissues (digestive gland, gills and other tissues) and biodeposits using infrared microscopy were also conducted. Microplastics were detected in oyster's biodeposits following exposure to all tested concentrations: 0.003, 0.006 and 0.05 particles/mg of biodeposits in oysters exposed to 0.008, 10 and 100 μg of particles/L, respectively. No significant modulation of biological markers was measured in organisms exposed to microplastics in environmentally relevant conditions.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Organic contaminants sorbed to microplastics affect marine medaka fish early life stages development
2020
Le Bihanic, Florane | Clérandeau, Christelle | Cormier, Bettie | Crebassa, Jean-claude | Keiter, Steffen H. | Beiras, Ricardo | Morin, Bénédicte | Bégout, Marie-laure | Cousin, Xavier | Cachot, Jerome
The role of polyethylene microplastics 4–6 μm size (MPs) in the toxicity of environmental compounds to fish early life stages (ELS) was investigated. Marine medaka Oryzias melastigma embryos and larvae were exposed to suspended MPs spiked with three model contaminants: benzo(a)pyrene (MP-BaP), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (MP-PFOS) and benzophenone-3 (MP-BP3) for 12 days. There was no evidence of MPs ingestion but MPs agglomerated on the surface of the chorion. Fish ELS exposed to virgin MPs did not show toxic effects. Exposure to MP-PFOS decreased embryonic survival and prevented hatching. Larvae exposed to MP-BaP or MP-BP3 exhibited reduced growth, increased developmental anomalies and abnormal behavior. Compared to equivalent waterborne concentrations, BaP and PFOS appeared to be more embryotoxic when spiked on MPs than when alone in seawater. These results suggest a relevant pollutant transfer by direct contact of MPs to fish ELS that should be included in the ecotoxicological risk assessment of MPs.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Juvenile fish caging as a tool for assessing microplastics contamination in estuarine fish nursery grounds
2020
Kazour, Maria | Jemaa, Sharif | El Rakwe, Maria | Duflos, Guillaume | Hermabassiere, Ludovic | Dehaut, Alexandre | Le Bihanic, Florane | Cachot, Jerome | Cornille, Vincent | Rabhi, Khalef | Khalaf, Gaby | Amara, Rachid
Estuaries serve as nursery grounds for many marine fish species. However, increasing human activities within estuaries and surrounding areas lead to significant habitat quality degradation for the juveniles. In recent years, plastic pollution has become a global environmental issue as plastic debris are found in all aquatic environments with potential adverse impacts on marine biota. Given the important ecological role of estuaries and implications of microplastics (MP) in ecosystems, here we assess the occurrence, number, size, and polymer types of MP ingested by wild and caged juvenile European flounder (Platichthys flesus). We deployed caged fish for 1 month at five sites in three estuaries in the eastern English Channel. The Seine estuary, heavily impacted by manmade modifications and one of the most contaminated estuaries in Europe, was compared to two smaller estuaries (Canche and Liane) less impacted by industrial activities. We found that juvenile flounders (7–9 cm) were vulnerable to plastic ingestion. Seventy-five percent of caged fish and 58% of wild caught fish had the presence of MP items in their digestive tract. Fibers (69%) dominated in the fish’s digestive tract at all sites. An average of 2.04 ± 1.93 MP items were ingested by feral juvenile flounder and 1.67 ± 1.43 by caged juvenile flounder. For the caged fish, the three sites impacted by wastewater treatment plant (Liane, Le Havre harbor, and Rouen) were those with the highest percentage of individuals that has ingested MP items. Most of the isolated items were fibers and blue in color. Polymers identified by micro Raman spectroscopy were polycaprolactam, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyurethane. Although other environmental factors may have affected caged fish condition and mortality, we found no significant correlation with the number of ingested MP. However, the high occurrence of MP ingested by juvenile fish on nursery grounds raises concerns on their potential negative effects for fish recruitment success and population renewal. Finally, this study describes, for the first time, the feasibility of using caged juvenile fish as an assessing tool of MP contamination in estuarine nursery grounds.
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