We analyze the connection between productivity, pollution abatement expenditures, and other measures of environmental regulation for plants in three industries (paper, oil, and steel). We examine data from 1979 to 1990, considering both total factor productivity levels and growth rates. Plants with higher abatement cost levels have significantly lower productivity levels. The magnitude of the impact is somewhat larger than expected: $1 greater abatement costs appears to be associated with the equivalent of $1.74 in lower productivity for paper mills, $1.35 for oil refineries, and $3.28 for steel mills. However, these results apply only to variation across plants in productivity levels. Estimates looking at productivity variation within plants over time, or estimates using productivity growth rates show a smaller (and insignificant) relationship between abatement costs and productivity. Other measures of environmental regulation faced by the plants (compliance status, enforcement activity, and emissions) are not significantly related to productivity.

La generación de aguas residuales dentro de los procesos industriales, conlleva a que las industrias busquen una alternativa de tratamiento para que sus vertimientos cumplan con la normativa vigente. Es por ello, que se realizó el presente trabajo de investigación, donde se identificaron las etapas del proceso de producción del papel y las características que contribuyen a la producción de las aguas residuales industriales. Luego, se caracterizó el proceso de producción del papel en 4 puntos de muestreo (TK Circulación M1, TK circulación Gris, TK Circulación Top y TK Voltrax), analizando para cada punto variables como pH, Conductividad, Temperatura, Turbiedad y Sólidos Suspendidos Totales. Posteriormente, se identificó las unidades que componen la planta de tratamiento de agua residual (PTAR) y se realizó una recopilación histórica del proceso de tratamiento de la papelera en estudio, analizando su cumplimiento frente a la Resolución 0631 del 2015. Por último, se realizó una optimización del tratamiento primario en el equipo de jarras. Analizando rangos de dosis de coagulante (Policloruro de Aluminio-PAC) entre 20 mg/L y 320 mg/L y dosis de floculante (Poliacrilamida) de 100 mg/L a 3100 mg/L, en un rango de SST de entrada de 1195 mg/L - 2676 mg/L. Los resultados para la dosis óptima para el PAC son de 40 mg/L y para la poliacrilamida 1500 mg/L. Se concluyó que estas dosis permitieron una remoción en términos de SST que logró cumplir con la Resolución 0631 de 2015 | The generation of wastewater within industrial processes, means that industries seek an alternative treatment so that their discharges comply with current regulations. That is why this research work was carried out, where the stages of the paper production process and the characteristics that contribute to the production of industrial wastewater were identified. Then, the paper production process was characterized in 4 sampling points (TK Circulation M1, TK Gray Circulation, TK Circulation Top and TK Voltrax), analyzing for each point variables such as pH, Conductivity, Temperature, Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids. Subsequently, the units that make up the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were identified and a historical compilation of the wastebasket treatment process under study was carried out, analyzing its compliance with Resolution 0631 of 2015. Finally, an optimization of the primary treatment in the jug equipment was performed. Analyzing coagulant dose ranges (Aluminum Polychloride-PAC) between 20 mg / L and 320 mg / L and flocculant dose (Polyacrylamide) from 100 mg / L to 3100 mg / L, in an input SST range of 1195 mg / L - 2676 mg / L. The results for the optimal dose for PAC are 40 mg / L and for polyacrylamide 1500 mg / L. It was concluded that these doses allowed a removal in terms of OSH that managed to comply with Resolution 0631 of 2015 | Pasantía institucional (Ingeniero Ambiental)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2019 | Pregrado | Ingeniero(a) Ambiental