خيارات البحث
النتائج 1 - 3 من 3
The minimum detectable difference (MDD) and the interpretation of treatmentr related effects of pesticides in experimental ecosystems
2015
Brock, T.C.M. | Hammers-Wirtz, M. | Hommen, U. | Preuss, T.G. | Ratte, H.T. | Roessink, I. | Strauss, T. | Brink, van den, P.J.
In the European registration procedure for pesticides, microcosm and mesocosm studies are the highest aquatic experimental tier to assess their environmental effects. Evaluations of microcosm/mesocosm studies rely heavily on no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) calculated for different population-level endpoints. Ideally, a power analysis should be reported for the concentration–response relationships underlying these NOECs, as well as for measurement endpoints for which significant effects cannot be demonstrated. An indication of this statistical power can be provided a posteriori by calculated minimum detectable differences (MDDs). The MDD defines the difference between the means of a treatment and the control that must exist to detect a statistically significant effect. The aim of this paper is to expand on the Aquatic Guidance Document recently published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and to propose a procedure to report and evaluate NOECs and related MDDs in a harmonised way. In addition, decision schemes are provided on how MDDs can be used to assess the reliability of microcosm/mesocosm studies and for the derivation of effect classes used to derive regulatory acceptable concentrations. Furthermore, examples are presented to show how MDDs can be reduced by optimising experimental design and sampling techniques.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Agricultural Policies and Investment Priorities for Managing Natural Resources, Climate Change and Air Pollution
2018
CGIAR Research Program on Wheat
Policy augmented scaling model for a fully validated CSAP-the happy seeder technology to curb air pollution and build resilience.
2017
CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
Innovation made in interest of sustainable development is transformed as scalable practice through business model underpinned by national policy. It has led to continuously improved value to services and product adapted to dynamic climate challenges. Residue burning has sensitized the public-private institutes to collaborate and pool national resources for scaling
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]