Marine genetic resources (MGR) are a new issue in high seas management. Discussion on how to best manage these resources is currently ongoing at the United Nations, within the context of a proposed treaty on the conservation and sustainable use of marine ‘Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction’ (BBNJ), which is expected to be completed in 2020.But how accurately can states measure the potential economic value of resources that still do not have a clear market application? Developing states in particular already suffer from wealth blindness, where they lack the capacity to properly evaluate the economic value or market potential of their marine resources. This article explores the extent to which wealth blindness forms the backdrop to the current debates over the potential for profitably exploiting marine genetic resources, as well as how this relates to demands for capacity building and technology transfer in the BBNJ treaty negotiation process.

This paper looks into the causal association between economic growth, CO2 emission, trade volume, and human development indicator for Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC countries) during 1980–2013. Following a generalized method of moments (GMM) technique, we have found out that bidirectional causality exists between CO2 emissions and economic growth. Feedback hypothesis is supported between CO2 emissions and human development, trade volume and human development, economic growth, and human development, and CO2 emissions and trade volume. Apart from finding out the unidirectional association from trade volume to economic growth, this study also validated the existence of Environmental Kuznets curve. Empirical findings of the study substantiate that the policymakers of the BRIC nations must focus on the green energy initiatives, either by in-house development or by technology transfer. This movement will allow them to control the ambient air pollution prevalent in these nations.

In the present study, the optimization of factors for the fabrication of highly adsorptive activated carbon from agricultural waste (date stone) was investigated by using ZnCl₂ as a chemical agent during the heat treatment. ZnCl₂ acts as a dehydration agent during the heat treatment, allowing a better porosity. In addition, it boosts the fragmentation of the lignocellulosic structure and the condensation of carbon rings. The findings of this investigation showed that the synthesis conditions for better ZnCl₂ chemical/heat carbonization to fabricate an adsorbent from date stone are 700 °C, 120 min, and 2.0 g/g. The characterization analysis showed that the as-prepared activated carbon exhibits a surface area of 1036 m²/g, an iodine number of 928.5 mg/g, and phenol number of 2.1 mmol/g, which are comparable to commercial activated carbons. Batch sorption tests to remove methylene blue (MB) from water showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 384.6 mg/g using the prepared activated carbon. Equilibrium data was best fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. It was found also that the kinetic adsorption data obeyed the pseudo-first order, and both external diffusion and intra-particle diffusion control the adsorption. Based on the obtained results, the optimization of synthesis conditions may help the transfer of technology in terms of agriculture-based material valorization towards the environmental remediation.

Globalization is the paradigm shift to a more integrated world economy broadly shaping economies and societies around the globe. The wave of globalization is much more eminent on its impact on increased energy demand, knowledge and technology transfer, trade, and financial capital flows. The present study focuses on Turkey, a fast-emerging economy that is no exception to the wave of globalization. This current study explores the dynamics between ecological footprints, energy consumption, and real income level for the case of Turkey in a carbon-income function while accounting for other covariate like globalization to avoid omitted variable bias. The study data spans from 1970 to 2017 on an annual frequency basis. The stationarity properties of the outlined variables were investigated. Subsequently, the equilibrium relationship between the variables is confirmed by the battery of recent robust estimation techniques. While to detect the causality of direction among the variables, the Modified Wald test causality test is utilized. This study reveals that an increase in energy consumption in Turkey reduces environmental pollution by a magnitude of 0.37% in the short run and 0.43% long run, while an increase in economic expansion dampens the quality of the environment 0.42% and 0.72% on both short and long-run basis. This is indicative given that Turkey is more energy conscious and energy efficient, while a positive statistically significant relationship is observed between real income level and ecological footprint and globalization index. The causality analysis also supports the growth-induced energy consumption hypothesis. The study further offers policy direction for the energy sector in Turkey in the face of global interconnectedness.

Sustainable development has by now become an element deeply integrated in the everyday design. It has many shades and may be found under many names. We speak about resiliency in design and procurement of passive, ecologic, plus energy, or nZEB buildings. Nevertheless, if we look closely, we may distinguish certain characteristic ideas. First, sustainable development of societies and urbanization processes should be consistent on a deeper level than presently, and be included within design processes, organization, and planning, as well as modernization and redevelopment procedures of existing urban tissue. Secondly, urbanization should be perceived holistically, as an interaction and harmonious development of both natural and manmade environments, with solutions based on the best technical and technological standards available. Lastly, described ideas are achievable only, if we include continuous cooperation between urban planners, architects, specialist consultants, as well as energy-efficient interdisciplinary solutions to achieve high standard energy measures. One of the thresholds is economic feasibility; the other is health and well-being of the users which should always be discussed as a priority. This paper—outside a brief theoretical approach to initial procedures in design management—will dwell on transformation and modernization of an existing building belonging to the Warsaw University of Technology, one of the oldest universities in Poland, its founding dating back to the beginning of the twentieth century. In 2015, a Nordic Finance Mechanism grant dedicated to the nZEB technology transfer from Norway to Poland was awarded to a group of researchers from Warsaw University of Technology and NTNU Trondheim. The main aim of the project is implementation of nZEB knowledge in Poland, as well as preparation of two integrated concept designs for public (University) buildings as exemplary case studies which could act as the benchmarks for other public buildings.

Using data from World Development Indicators (WDI), this research constructs panel data of 99 countries from 1996 to 2018 and employs a spatial econometric model to analyze the impact of air quality on international tourism arrivals. Evidence shows that Moran’s I values are significantly positive, indicating a strong positive spatial dependence in each country and that poor air quality does have a negative impact on the number of tourist arrivals. The results of grouped data illustrate that middle-income countries, low-income countries, high concentrations of PM₂.₅, and countries with less numbers of tourists have negative effects on tourist arrivals in neighboring countries. The contrary groups, however, have positive effects on tourist arrivals – that is, the influence of air quality on the number of tourist arrivals exhibits heterogeneity. In addition, tests of the interaction term show that countries with higher R&D intensity have better air quality and thus attract more tourists. Therefore, countries with poor air quality should improve the environment through international cooperation and undertake technology transfer, thus ultimately increasing the number of tourists.

To sustain global warming below 2 °C, carbon dioxide emission mitigation has become an extensive worldwide priority. This paper proposes a comprehensive assessment by evaluating the effects of technology transfer, human capital, and renewable energy on carbon dioxide emissions among seven different regions along with the Belt and Road Initiatives from 2008 to 2018. Based on econometric estimations, it is found that human capital, renewable energy, and technology transfer show a negative but significant association with carbon dioxide emissions, indicating that an increase in human capital, renewable energy, and technology transfer can reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the Belt and Road countries. On the other hand, we found a positive and significant relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, and foreign direct investment (FDI), indicating that economic growth and foreign direct investment increase carbon emissions. The findings of this study reveal that the adaptation of technology transfer, renewable energy consumption, and human capital are key factors in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the Belt and Road counties. Our findings provide evidence of the social advantages of investing in advanced human capital, renewable energy, and technology transfer suggesting a promising route for devoting climate change without impeding economic growth.

Climate change and increased greenhouse gas emissions boost the global average temperature to less than 2°C, which is the estimated breakeven point. The globe is moving into blue pollution economies as the environmental sustainability objective becomes more distorted. The study looked at three United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, namely (i) affordable and clean energy; (ii) industry, innovation, and infrastructure; and (iii) climate change, to see how far the Chinese economy has progressed toward green and clean development strategy. In the context of China, the “pollution damage function” was intended to refer to carbon damages related to carbon pricing, technological variables, sustained economic growth, incoming foreign investment, and green energy. The data was collected between 1975 and 2019 and analyzed using various statistical approaches. The results of the autoregressive distributed lag model suggest that carbon taxes on industrial emissions reduce carbon damages in the short and long run. Furthermore, a rise in inbound foreign investment and renewable energy demand reduces carbon damages in the short term, proving the “pollution halo” and “green energy” hypotheses; nonetheless, the results are insufficient to explain the stated results in the long run. In the long run, technology transfers and continued economic growth are beneficial in reducing carbon damages and confirming the potential of cleaner solutions in pollution mitigation. The causal inferences show the one-way relationship running from carbon pricing and technology transfer to carbon damages, and green energy to high-technology exports in a country. The impulse response estimates suggested that carbon tax, inbound foreign investment, and technology transfers likely decrease carbon damages for the next 10 years. On the other hand, continued economic growth and inadequate green energy sources are likely to increase carbon pollution in a country. The variance decomposition analysis suggested that carbon pricing and information and communication technology exports would likely significantly influence carbon damages over time. To keep the earth’s temperature within the set threshold, the true motivation to shift from a blue to a green economy required strict environmental legislation, the use of green energy sources, and the export of cleaner technologies. Source: Authors’ self-extract