Several studies have explored the utilization of soil microorganisms, to address the environmental issues associated with glyphosate use and enhance crop yields. In our investigation, screening on Agar plate and broth medium  Luria Bertani was carried out after isolating bacterial strains from rhizospheric agricultural soil in Mascara,  Algeria, to biodegrade glyphosate, following that by testing the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and evaluate the effects of glyphosate on these proprieties. Our findings indicate that five bacterial strains exhibited growth in the presence of glyphosate concentrations up to 25 mg/ml, beyond this concentration the strains have developed tolerance. Following a partial examination of the 16S rRNA sequences, the bacterial strains were identified as belonging to the genus of Enterobacter. After 10 days of incubation with the glyphosate, Phosphate solubilization decreased in broth and agar Pikovskaya medium and the bacterial strains synthetized less of indole-3-acetic acid compared to the control, indicating the impact of glyphosate on these outcomes, high concentration of glyphosate inhibited nitrogen fixation, and various doses of glyphosate were found to restrict the growth of biofilms in these strains. The results of HPLC examination of secondary metabolites revealed that the primary degradation products of glyphosate in all strains were Sarcosine and Glycine. So, it seemed that the strain could both biodegrade glyphosate and use it for growth ,while also possessing rhizobacteria properties that promote plant development, enabling the use of the strains in the bioremediation of glyphosate-contaminated soils.

The landfill leachate contains high concentrations of organic pollutants that can be biological and resistant to it. Therefore, the resulting leachate must be treated from the healthy landfill before disposing of it in the environment. In this research, the technique of improved magnetic therapy was tested to improve some physicochemical properties of landfill leachate. Where a laboratory model was designed to evaluate the performance of the magnetic field with different strengths on the treatment of the leachate field collected from the Wadi al-Hadda landfill in Tartous Governorate-Syria. By the increasing in magnetic field strength from 272 to 678 µT, the removal efficacy of BOD and COD increased from 9 and 19% to 36.7 and 54.7%, respectively, and, the removal efficacy of NO3-N and NO3 increased from 6 and 17% to 24.6 and 46.8%, respectively. Electric conductivity (EC) values also decreased due to the use of magnetic field.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are man-made systems designed to treat a range of residential, commercial, and industrial wastewaters. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of wastewater treatment systems using constructed wetlands. The effectiveness of removing chemical and physical pollutants was also evaluated. The setup consisted of a hybrid flow system composed of upflow constructed wetland and a horizontal flow constructed wetland connected in series that is used for primary treatment of the influent of domestic wastewater. Two systems were analyzed: one cultivated with the ornamental species Canna Indica, and one cultivated with the cattail Cymbopogon flexuosus. It consisted of two treatment sections consisting of two plant species Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass – first CW) and Canna xalapensis Horan (Canna Indica – second CW). The water quality parameters i.e., BOD, COD, TSS were analyzed according to APHA (American Public Health Association) by daily sampling. The CW was monitored for the quality of wastewater inflows and outflows and nutrient accumulation in plants. Results showed that the maximum COD removal for Lemon Grass and Canna Indica beds were 75% and 70% respectively at 200mg/L COD loading in the CW setup over a six-month period respectively. The maximum BOD removal found in Lemon Grass and Canna Indica beds were 73% and 64% respectively at a feed concentration of 200mg/L COD. Both the CWs together as one unit showed similar rates of TSS removal irrespective of the type of wetland plant species and were more efficient in treating wastewater.

Nuisance dust particles have emerged as a significant environmental concern within the Middle Eastern region. The principal aim of this research was to conduct an extensive investigation into the physical and chemical attributes of dust-fall particles located within the city of Sulaymaniyah, northeastern Iraq. Over a period of six months, a total of 72 dust-fall particle samples were systematically gathered from three distinct stations, with intervals of seven days. In addition to quantitative analysis, this study included detailed morphological examinations and mineralogical composition assessments, facilitated through the application of analytical methodologies, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The outcomes of these analytical procedures revealed predominantly irregular shapes of the dust particles, characterized by the presence of quartz and calcite minerals, confirming their natural origin due to wind-driven erosion originating from the arid desert landscapes of Iraq and its neighboring southern and western countries. Moreover, this investigation extended to encompass a comprehensive evaluation of both water-soluble and insoluble fractions, in addition to the overall concentration levels of alkali and alkaline earth metals including sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). Furthermore, the levels of heavy metals of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and arsenic (As) were investigated. The extent of pollution associated with these elements was assessed through the application of the Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) which revealed that, during the study, calcium, magnesium, and copper demonstrated noticeable levels of contamination within the dust-fall particles of Sulaymaniyah city.

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) simulate an anaerobic co-digestion process of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) and bio-flocculated sludge for a mesophilic lab-scale semi-continuous feed reactor. The operational, substrate quality and process control parameters such as Organic Loading Rate, Hydraulic Retention Time, pH, VFA/Alkalinity ratio and Total Solids are input variables and methane yield and Volatile Solids removal are outputs for ANN modelling. The lab-scale experimental results are used to develop a prediction model using fitting application for ANN. The network architecture was optimized to achieve accurate predictions, resulting in a 5-19-2 architecture for methane yield and a 5-17-2 architecture for %VSremoval. The training was performed using the Bayesian Regularization (trainbr) algorithm, leading to high coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.953 and 0.978 for methane yield and %VSremoval, respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of neural network-based modelling in capturing complex relationships within the methane yield process, facilitating accurate prediction of crucial output parameters.

Trace metal elements are toxic to the environment and human health and can be removed from water through adsorption. Development of low-cost adsorbents would always been a matter of achievement of every adsorption study as usually many adsorbents were found to be expensive in nature. In this regard, biochar adsorbents gained significant attention due to high adsorption capacity, low-cost and environmental sustainability. Pyrolysis is used to produce biochar adsorbents at varying temperature ranged from 300°C-700°C. The adsorption capacities of palm fiber biochar adsorbents are remarkable which was found around ~198 mg/g for cadmium removal. However, bamboo-based biochar had 868 mg/g of adsorption capacity for arsenate removal. This review aims to provide the current discusses the sources and impacts of trace metal elements in water along with properties of biochar including its composition, surface area, pore structure, and surface functional groups. Further, various types of biomasses have also been mentioned for producing biochar such as agricultural wastes, food wastes, forestry residues, etc. The paper also discusses the different types of mechanisms involved in the adsorption of heavy metal biochar adsorbents like electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, surface complexation etc.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have not only detrimental impacts on air quality but also acts as a source for a range of heavy metals that worsen the potential risks to public health. Notably, previous studies on PM2.5-bound heavy metals in Pakistan have primarily focused on individual cities. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of pollution characteristics related to PM2.5-bound heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni), in ten cities of Pakistan. Data was collected from a wide range of reliable sources spanning from 2013 to 2023. Additionally, the human health risk assessment methodology endorsed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) was employed to evaluate both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for adults (males and females) and children. Findings of the present study revealed that children faced a greater risk associated with PM2.5-bound heavy metals as compared to adults. Cadmium, zinc, and nickel were found as the top three contributors to the average non-carcinogenic risk, while lead, cadmium, and nickel showed the highest carcinogenic risks. Based on these findings, this study strongly recommend that the government should strengthen the management of industrial and vehicular emissions. Furthermore, there is an imperative need to establish a real-time monitoring system capable of tracking toxic heavy metal pollutants transported through the atmosphere. Additionally, policymakers should seriously contemplate regional collaborations with the goal of creating metropolitan initiatives for pollution control, thereby effectively addressing these paramount environmental and public health concerns.

The purpose of this investigation is to determine how gamma radiation-induced oxidative stress impacts the reproductive system of adult chickens. In this study, we used 39-57 weeks old cocks’ chickens to assess the significance of semen volume10-3liter per bird per ejaculation). Sperm count overall (108 cells per ejaculation) and count per milliliter (108 cells). The volume, concentration data, and sum sperm data of cock chickens all increased significantly with age, though not at all ages; rather, just at a select few ages that were considered to be the control (regulate) group. These data were found after 35 days of gamma radiation at soft dose rates (soft intensity) of at100, 120 and 130cm between cages of chickens and radioactive source with 0.402, 0.279 and 0.237 Gy/h respectively. This is a six-hour daily chronic dose rate (extended duration of radiation). As the soft dosage rate was gradually increased, a significant decline in the values was observed.  The semen volume data drop ratio was calculated for each male chicken generation and compared to the control group using three chronic moderate doses of irradiation at doses ranging from around 4.8 to 13.6 percent and semen concentrations from roughly 4.9 to 14 percent. The average results from both groups showed that when the intensity of the gamma ray radiation increased, all metrics significantly declined. Using date seeds extract(Phoenix dactylifera L.)  as a defense against oxidative stresses brought on by radiation exposure and to lower its percentage data, especially on particular sperm data qualitiesDue to its availability in the Middle East, the use of date seeds extracts(Phoenix dactylifera L.)  in this study proved beneficial in terms of both economic return and fertility-boosting effects on chickens, as evidenced by the positive results obtained when compared to other antioxidants under the same conditions.     Due to its availability in the Middle East, the use of date seeds extracts(Phoenix dactylifera L.)  in this study proved beneficial in terms of both economic return and fertility-boosting effects on chickens, as evidenced by the positive results obtained when compared to other antioxidants under the same conditions.

The toxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LABs) to Clarias gariepinus was investigated. For 30 days, the fish were exposed to LABs at 0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 mg/L. After each trial period, one fish from each plastic tub was chosen and its heart was punctured for blood samples. The blood samples were then collected and deposited in pre-designated bottles for analysis. Following blood collection, a fish was dissected and its organs were extracted. The organs were preserved in liquid nitrogen at -25oC until they were analyzed. A portable refractometer was used to quantify total serum protein content. A microplate reader was used to measure reduced glutathione (GSH). Albumin was quantified using the Bromocresol Green albumin assay kit, whereas alanine aminotransferase activity was assessed colorimetrically. Subtracting albumin from protein concentration yielded the globulin content. On days 23 and 30, protein content corresponds positively with exposure length and differs significantly (p < 0.05) between the control and treatment groups. The activity of GSH reduced slightly but not significantly (p > 0.05). Significant variations in albumin and globulin (p < 0.05) only on day 30. AAS activity differs significantly (p < 0.05) between treatments and the control. This study demonstrated that LAB exposure can be harmful to human health. Because anthropogenic sources are the primary source of LAB exposure, authorities must implement strict mitigation measures to limit this risk.

Multidisciplinary studies that integrate socioenvironmental aspects into the assessment of water resources contamination significantly enhance the identification of its sources. In the present study, an assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of Umayo Lagoon and the behavior of local actors was conducted. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn were determined and evaluated using international regulations. These data enabled the creation of distribution maps to pinpoint accumulation zones of different metals and suggest their possible sources of origin. The results were compared with the behavior of local actors, addressing three analytical characteristics: feelings, thoughts, and attitudes. Evidence showed contamination by As (18.11 mg/kg), Hg (0.19 mg/kg), and Cd (0.96 mg/kg), likely originating from mining activities, cheese plants, and agriculture. In terms of social aspects, intense emotions were expressed due to the presence of diseases and livestock mortality associated with metal contamination, causing anxiety and fear in the population. The incorporation of socioenvironmental aspects in the contamination assessment aligned with the physicochemical results, achieving identification of the sources of Umayo Lagoon.