خيارات البحث
النتائج 111 - 120 من 4,308
LCA of wet-weather emissions of an urban wastewater system: the case of the Greater Paris watershed النص الكامل
2017
Risch, Eva | Gasperi, Johnny | Gromaire, Marie-Christine | Chebbo, Ghassan | Azimi, Sam | Rocher, Vincent | Roux, Philippe, I | Rosenbaum, R.K. | Sinfort, Carole, C. | Pôle ELSA, Environmental Life Cycle and Sustainability Assessment (ELSA) | Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU) ; AgroParisTech-École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12) | SIAAP - Direction du Développement et de la Prospective ; Syndicat interdépartemental pour l'assainissement de l'agglomération parisienne (SIAAP)
International audience
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Chemical characterization of filterable PM2.5 emissions generated from regulated stationary sources in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica النص الكامل
2017
Herrera-Murillo, Jorge | Rojas Marín, José Félix | Mugica-Alvarez, Violeta | Solórzano Arias, David | Beita Guerrero, Víctor Hugo
Filterable PM2.5 concentrations and their chemical characterizations were analyzed for 67 boilers and 25 indirect furnaces located in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica from February 2014 to November 2015. The PM2.5 samples were characterized by their composition, focusing on trace elements, inorganic ions and organic and elemental carbon. The results of PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 72 to 735 mgm-3, with the highest concentrations found for sources using biomass fuel, particularly Type B boilers, and the lowest values for diesel boilers. Further speciation of fine particulate matter (PM) showed significant levels of vanadium and nickel for boilers that use heavy fuel oil (bunker); 4886 and 1942 μgm-3, respectively. Copper and manganese were the most relevant metals for biomass burning sources, due to plant absorption from the soil. As for ion concentration, sulfate presented the highest concentrations for biomass boilers and furnaces, whereas chloride only presented the highest concentrations for furnaces. To complete the balance, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) analyses were made, in which biomass burning sources presented values five times higher than oil fuels. A Spearman's correlation analysis was made for the data set, revealing significant relationships between heavy metals, sulfate, and fine PM with respect to heavy fuel oil. For the biomass sources, the correlations pointed to K, Na, Mn and, in some cases, oxygen. | Se analizaron las concentraciones filtrables de PM2.5 y sus caracterizaciones químicas para 67 calderas y 25 hornos indirectos ubicados en el Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica desde febrero de 2014 hasta noviembre de 2015. Las muestras de PM2.5 se caracterizaron por su composición, centrándose en oligoelementos, iones inorgánicos y carbono orgánico y elemental. Los resultados de las concentraciones de PM2.5 variaron de 72 a 735 mgm-3, con las concentraciones más altas encontradas para fuentes que utilizan combustible de biomasa, particularmente calderas Tipo B, y el valores más bajos para calderas diesel. Una mayor especiación de partículas finas (PM) mostró una significativa niveles de vanadio y níquel para calderas que utilizan fuel oil pesado (bunker); 4886 y 1942 mgm-3, respectivamente. El cobre y el manganeso fueron los metales más relevantes para las fuentes de combustión de biomasa, debido a Absorción de plantas del suelo. En cuanto a la concentración de iones, el sulfato presentó las mayores concentraciones para calderas y hornos de biomasa, mientras que el cloruro solo presentó las concentraciones más altas para los hornos. Para completar el balance, se realizaron análisis de carbono orgánico y elemental (OC y EC), en los cuales las fuentes de combustión de biomasa presentaron valores cinco veces superiores a los combustibles derivados del petróleo. La correlación de Spearman. Se realizó un análisis para el conjunto de datos, revelando relaciones significativas entre metales pesados, sulfato y PM fino con respecto al fuelóleo pesado. Para las fuentes de biomasa, las correlaciones apuntaron a K, Na, Mn y, en algunos casos, oxígeno. | As concentrações filtráveis de PM2,5 e suas caracterizações químicas foram analisadas para 67 caldeiras e 25 fornos indiretos localizados na Região Metropolitana da Costa Rica de fevereiro de 2014 a novembro de 2015. As amostras de PM2,5 foram caracterizadas por sua composição, com foco em oligoelementos, íons inorgânicos e carbono orgânico e elementar. Os resultados para as concentrações de PM2,5 variaram de 72 a 735 mgm-3, com as concentrações mais altas encontradas para fontes que usam combustível de biomassa, particularmente caldeiras Tipo B, e os valores mais baixos para caldeiras a diesel. A maior especiação de partículas finas (PM) mostrou níveis significativos de vanádio e níquel para caldeiras que usam óleo combustível pesado (bunker); 4886 e 1942 mgm-3, respectivamente. O cobre e o manganês foram os metais mais relevantes para as fontes de combustão da biomassa, devido à absorção das plantas do solo. Em relação à concentração de íons, o sulfato apresentou as maiores concentrações para caldeiras e fornos a biomassa, enquanto o cloreto apresentou as maiores concentrações apenas para os fornos. Para completar o balanço, foram realizadas análises de carbono orgânico e elementar (OC e EC), nas quais as fontes de combustão de biomassa apresentaram valores cinco vezes maiores que os combustíveis derivados do petróleo. A correlação de Spearman. Uma análise foi realizada para o conjunto de dados, revelando relações significativas entre metais pesados, sulfato e MP fino em relação ao óleo combustível pesado. Para fontes de biomassa, as correlações apontaram para K, Na, Mn e, em alguns casos, oxigênio. | Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica | Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México | Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Microbial community structure and activity in trace element-contaminated soils phytomanaged by Gentle Remediation Options (GRO) النص الكامل
2017
Touceda-González, M. | Renella, G. | Giagnoni, L. | Sessitsch, A. | Brader, G. | Kumpiene, J. | Dimitriou, I. | Eriksson, J. | Friesl-Hanl, W. | Galazka, R. | Janssen, J. | Mench, Michel | Muller, I. | Neu, S. | Puschenreiter, M. | Siebielec, G. | Vangronsveld, J. | Kidd, P.S. | Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences ; Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence = Université de Florence (UniFI) | Center for Health & Bioresources ; Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) | Waste Science & Technology ; Luleå University of Technology = Luleå Tekniska Universitet (LUT) | Department of Crop Production Ecology ; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) | Departement of Soil and Environment ; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) | Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) | Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG) | Centre for Environmental Sciences ; Hasselt University (UHasselt) | Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB) | Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology | Department of Forest and Soil Sciences ; Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU)-Institute of Silviculture | ANR-13-CDII-0005,PHYTOCHEM,Développement de procédés chimiques éco-innovants pour valoriser les biomasses issues des phytotechnologies(2013)
International audience | Gentle remediation options (GRO) are based on the combined use of plants, associated microorganisms and soil amendments, which can potentially restore soil functions and quality. We studied the effects of three GRO (aided-phytostabilisation, in situ stabilisation and phytoexclusion, and aided-phytoextraction) on the soil microbial biomass and respiration, the activities of hydrolase enzymes involved in the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P, and S, and bacterial community structure of trace element contaminated soils (TECS) from six field trials across Europe. Community structure was studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting of Bacteria, α- and β-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Streptomycetaceae, and sequencing of DGGE bands characteristic of specific treatments. The number of copies of genes involved in ammonia oxidation and denitrification were determined by qPCR. Phytomanagement increased soil microbial biomass at three sites and respiration at the Biogeco site (France). Enzyme activities were consistently higher in treated soils compared to untreated soils at the Biogeco site. At this site, microbial biomass increased from 696 to 2352 mg ATP kg-1 soil, respiration increased from 7.4 to 40.1 mg C-CO2 kg-1 soil d-1, and enzyme activities were 2-11-fold higher in treated soils compared to untreated soil. Phytomanagement induced shifts in the bacterial community structure at both, the total community and functional group levels, and generally increased the number of copies of genes involved in the N cycle (nirK, nirS, nosZ, and amoA). The influence of the main soil physico-chemical properties and trace element availability were assessed and eventual site-specific effects elucidated. Overall, our results demonstrate that phytomanagement of TECS influences soil biological activity in the long term.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Using microbial bioelectrochemical systems to overcome an impasse النص الكامل
2017
Kronenberg, Maria | Trably, Eric | Bernet, Nicolas | Steyer, Dominique | Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hardly biodegradable carcinogenic organic compounds. Bioremediation is a commonly used method for treating PAH contaminated environments such as soils, sediment, water bodies and wastewater. However, bioremediation has various drawbacks including the low abundance, diversity and activity of indigenous hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, their slow growth rates and especially a limited bioavailability of PAHs in the aqueous phase. Addition of nutrients, electron acceptors or co-substrates to enhance indigenous microbial activity is costly and added chemicals often diffuse away from the target compound, thus pointing out an impasse for the bioremediation of PAHs. A promising solution is the adoption of bioelectrochemical systems. They guarantee a permanent electron supply and withdrawal for microorganisms, thereby circumventing the traditional shortcomings of bioremediation. These systems combine biological treatment with electrochemical oxidation/reduction by supplying an anode and a cathode that serve as an electron exchange facility for the biocatalyst. Here, recent achievements in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon removal using bioelectrochemical systems have been reviewed. This also concerns PAH precursors: total petroleum hydrocarbons and diesel. Removal performances of PAH biodegradation in bioelectrochemical systems are discussed, focussing on configurational parameters such as anode and cathode designs as well as environmental parameters like porosity, salinity, adsorption and conductivity of soil and sediment that affect PAH biodegradation in BESs. The still scarcely available information on microbiological aspects of bioelectrochemical PAH removal is summarised here. This comprehensive review offers a better understanding of the parameters that affect the removal of PAHs within bioelectrochemical systems. In addition, future experimental setups are proposed in order to study syntrophic relationships between PAH degraders and exoelectrogens. This synopsis can help as guide for researchers in their choices for future experimental designs aiming at increasing the power densities and PAH biodegradation rates using microbial bioelectrochemistry.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Stochastic evaluation of annual micropollutant loads and their uncertainties in separate storm sewers النص الكامل
2017
Hannouche, Ali | Chebbo, Ghassan | Joannis, Claude | Gasperi, Johnny | Gromaire, Marie-Christine | Moilleron, Régis | Barraud, Sylvie | Ruban, Véronique | Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU) ; AgroParisTech-École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12) | Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE) ; Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM) | Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon) ; Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
This article describes a stochastic method to calculate the annual pollutant loads and its application over several years at the outlet of three catchments drained by separate storm sewers. A stochastic methodology using Monte Carlo simulations is proposed for assessing annual pollutant load, as well as the associated uncertainties, from a few event sampling campaigns and/or continuous turbidity measurements (representative of the total suspended solids concentration (TSS)). Indeed, in the latter case, the proposed method takes into account the correlation between pollutants and TSS. The developed method was applied to data acquired within the French research project BINOGEV^ (innovations for a sustainable management of urban water) at the outlet of three urban catchments drained by separate storm sewers. Ten or so event sampling campaigns for a large range of pollutants (46 pollutants and 2 conventional water quality parameters: TSS and total organic carbon (TOC)) are combined with hundreds of rainfall events for which, at least one among three continuously monitored parameters (rainfall intensity, flow rate, and turbidity) is available. Results obtained for the three catchments show that the annual pollutant loads can be estimated with uncertainties ranging from 10 to 60%, and the added value of turbidity monitoring for lowering the uncertainty is demonstrated. A low inter-annual and inter-site variability of pollutant loads, for many of studied pollutants, is observed with respect to the estimated uncertainties, and can be explained mainly by annual precipitation.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Microplastics: an emerging contaminant in the Saigon River, Vietnam النص الكامل
2017
Strady, Emilie | Lisa, Lahens | Dris, Rachid | Le Thuy Chung, K | Benali, Dounia | Gasperi, Johnny | Tassin, Bruno | Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (Fédération OSUG) | Centre Asiatique de Recherche sur l'Eau (CARE) ; Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology [Vietnam National University, HCM] (HCMUT) ; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City / Đại học Quốc gia TP. Hồ Chí Minh (VNU-HCM)-Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City / Đại học Quốc gia TP. Hồ Chí Minh (VNU-HCM) | Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU) ; AgroParisTech-École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
International audience
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Morphology of the filtration apparatus of three planktivorous fishes and relation with ingested anthropogenic particles النص الكامل
2017
Collard, France | Gilbert, Bernard | Eppe, Gauthier | Roos, Laetitia | Compère, Philippe | Das, Krishna | Parmentier, Eric | MARE - Centre Interfacultaire de Recherches en Océanologie - ULiège | AFFISH-RC - Applied and Fundamental FISH Research Center - ULiège
peer reviewed | Anthropogenic particles (APs), including microplastics, are ingested by a wide variety of marine organisms. Exposure of Clupeiformes (e.g. herrings, anchovies, sardines) is poorly studied despite their economic and ecological importance. This study aims to describe the morphology of the filtration apparatus of three wild-caught Clupeiformes (Sardina pilchardus, Clupea harengus and Engraulis encrasicolus) and to relate the results to ingested APs. Consequently, the species with the more efficient filtration apparatus will be more likely to ingest APs. We hypothesized that sardines were the most exposed species. The filtration area and particle retention threshold were determined in the three species, with sardines displaying the highest filtration area and the closest gill rakers. Sardines ingested more fibers and smaller fragments, confirming that it is the most efficient filtering species. These two results lead to the conclusion that, among the three studied, the sardine is the species most exposed to APs.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Response of marine benthic fauna to thin-layer capping with activated carbon in a large-scale field experiment in the Grenland fjords, Norway النص الكامل
2017
Samuelsson, Göran S. | Raymond, Caroline | Agrenius, Stefan | Schaanning, Morten | Cornelissen, Gerard | Gunnarsson, Jonas S.
A field experiment with thin-layer capping was conducted in the Grenland fjords, Norway, for remediation in situ of mercury and dioxin-contaminated sediments. Experimental fields at 30 and 95 m depth were capped with (i) powdered activated carbon (AC) mixed with clay (AC+cla`y), (ii) clay, and (iii) crushed limestone. Ecological effects on the benthic community and species-feeding guilds were studied 1 and 14 months after capping, and a total of 158 species were included in the analyses. The results show that clay and limestone had only minor effects on the benthic community, while AC+clay caused severe perturbations. AC+clay reduced the abundance, biomass, and number of species by up to 90% at both 30 and 95 m depth, and few indications of recovery were found during the period of this investigation. The negative effects of AC+clay were observed on a wide range of species with different feeding strategies, although the suspension feeding brittle star Amphiura filiformis was particularly affected. Even though activated carbon is effective in reducing sediment-to-water fluxes of dioxins and other organic pollutants, this study shows that capping with powdered AC can lead to substantial disturbances to the benthic community. | publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Evaluation of methods to determine adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to dispersed carbon nanotubes النص الكامل
2017
Glomstad, Berit | Sørensen, Lisbet | Liu, Jingfu | Shen, Mohai | Zindler, Florian | Jenssen, Bjørn Munro | Booth, Andy
A number of methods have been reported for determining hydrophobic organic compound adsorption to dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs), but their accuracy and reliability remain uncertain. We have evaluated three methods to investigate the adsorption of phenanthrene (a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; PAH) to CNTs with different physicochemical properties; dialysis tube (DT) protected negligible depletion solid phase microextraction (DT-nd-SPME), ultracentrifugation and filtration using various types of filters. Dispersed CNTs adhered to the unprotected PDMS-coated fibers used in nd-SPME. Protection of the fibers from CNT adherence was investigated with hydrophilic DT, but high PAH sorption to the DT was observed. The efficiency of ultracentrifugation and filtration to separate CNTs from the water phase depended on CNT physicochemical properties. While non-functionalized CNTs were efficiently separated from the water phase using ultracentrifugation, incomplete separation of carboxyl functionalized CNTs was observed. Filtration efficiency varied with different filter types (composition and pore size), and non-functionalized CNTs were more easily separated from the water phase than functionalized CNTs. Sorption of phenanthrene was high (<70%) for three of the filters tested, making them unsuitable for the assessment of phenanthrene adsorption to CNTs. Filtration using a hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter membrane (0.1 µm) was found to be a simple and precise technique for the determination of phenanthrene adsorption to a range of CNTs, efficiently separating all types of CNTs and exhibiting a good and highly reproducible recovery of phenanthrene (82%) over the concentration range tested (70-735 µg/L). | acceptedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Impact of untreated urban waste on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of human opportunistic pathogens in agricultural soils from Burkina Faso النص الكامل
2017
Youenou, Benjamin | Hien, Edmond | Deredjian, Amélie | Brothier, Elisabeth | Favre-Bonté, Sabine | Nazaret, Sylvie | Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Université de Lyon
International audience | This study examined the long-term effects of the landfill disposal of untreated urban waste for soil fertilization on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of various human opportunistic pathogens in soils from Burkina Faso. Samples were collected at three sites in the periphery of Ouagadougou during two campaigns in 2008 and 2011. At each site, amendment led to changes in physico-chemical characteristics as shown by the increase in pH, CEC, total C, total N, and metal contents. Similarly, the numbers of total heterotrophic bacteria were higher in the amended fields than in the control ones. No sanitation indicators, i.e., coliforms, Staphylococci, and Enterococci, were detected. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) were d e t e c t e d a t a l o w l e v e l i n o n e a m e n d e d f i e l d. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was detected from both campaigns at the three sites in the amended fields and only once in an unamended field. Diversity analysis showed some oppor-tunistic pathogen isolates to be closely related to reference clinical strains responsible for nosocomial-or community-acquired infections in Northern countries. Antibiotic resistance tests showed that P. aeruginosa and Bcc isolates had a wild-type phenotype and that most S. maltophilia isolates had a multi-drug resistance profile with resistance to 7 to 15 antibiotics. Then we were able to show that amendment led to an increase of some human opportunistic pathogens including multi-drug resistant isolates. Although the application of untreated urban waste increases both soil organic matter content and therefore soil fertility, the consequences of this practice on human health should be considered.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]