خيارات البحث
النتائج 141 - 150 من 4,042
Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) النص الكامل
2016
Dewer, Youssef | Pottier, Marie-Anne | Lalouette, Lisa | Maria, Annick | Dacher, Matthieu | Belzunces, Luc P. | Kairo, Guillaume | Renault, D | Maïbèche, Martine | Siaussat, David | Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL) | Agricultural Research Center (ARC) | Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Abeilles et environnement (AE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des sciences de l'environnement de Rennes (OSERen) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | DIM ASTREA (Région Ile de France) | Imhotep exchange program grant (Campus France) | EMERGENCE UPMC - Paris 6 | ANR-12-ADAP-0012, PHEROTOX | ANR-12-ADAP-0012,PHEROTOX,Perception de la phéromone dans un environnement contaminé en insecticides : info-perturbation ou adaptation?(2012)
Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) النص الكامل
2016
Dewer, Youssef | Pottier, Marie-Anne | Lalouette, Lisa | Maria, Annick | Dacher, Matthieu | Belzunces, Luc P. | Kairo, Guillaume | Renault, D | Maïbèche, Martine | Siaussat, David | Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL) | Agricultural Research Center (ARC) | Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Abeilles et environnement (AE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des sciences de l'environnement de Rennes (OSERen) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | DIM ASTREA (Région Ile de France) | Imhotep exchange program grant (Campus France) | EMERGENCE UPMC - Paris 6 | ANR-12-ADAP-0012, PHEROTOX | ANR-12-ADAP-0012,PHEROTOX,Perception de la phéromone dans un environnement contaminé en insecticides : info-perturbation ou adaptation?(2012)
International audience | Insecticides have long been used as the main method in limiting agricultural pests, but their widespread use has resulted in environmental pollution, development of resistances, and biodiversity reduction. The effects of insecticides at low residual doses on both the targeted crop pest species and beneficial insects have become a major concern. In particular, these low doses can induce unexpected positive (hormetic) effects on pest insects, such as surges in population growth exceeding what would have been observed without pesticide application. Methomyl and chlorpyrifos are two insecticides commonly used to control the population levels of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, a major pest moth. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of sublethal doses of these two pesticides, known to present a residual activity and persistence in the environment, on the moth physiology. Using a metabolomic approach, we showed that sublethal doses of methomyl and chlorpyrifos have a systemic effect on the treated insects. We also demonstrated a behavioral disruption of S. littoralis larvae exposed to sublethal doses of methomyl, whereas no effects were observed for the same doses of chlorpyrifos. Interestingly, we highlighted that sublethal doses of both pesticides did not induce a change in acetylcholinesterase activity in head of exposed larvae
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) النص الكامل
2016
Dewer, Youssef | Pottier, Marie-Anne | Lalouette, Lisa | Maria, Annick | Dacher, Matthieu | Belzunces, L. P. (Luc P.) | Kairo, Guillaume | Renault, David | Maibeche, Martine | Siaussat, David
Insecticides have long been used as the main method in limiting agricultural pests, but their widespread use has resulted in environmental pollution, development of resistances, and biodiversity reduction. The effects of insecticides at low residual doses on both the targeted crop pest species and beneficial insects have become a major concern. In particular, these low doses can induce unexpected positive (hormetic) effects on pest insects, such as surges in population growth exceeding what would have been observed without pesticide application. Methomyl and chlorpyrifos are two insecticides commonly used to control the population levels of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, a major pest moth. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of sublethal doses of these two pesticides, known to present a residual activity and persistence in the environment, on the moth physiology. Using a metabolomic approach, we showed that sublethal doses of methomyl and chlorpyrifos have a systemic effect on the treated insects. We also demonstrated a behavioral disruption of S. littoralis larvae exposed to sublethal doses of methomyl, whereas no effects were observed for the same doses of chlorpyrifos. Interestingly, we highlighted that sublethal doses of both pesticides did not induce a change in acetylcholinesterase activity in head of exposed larvae.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) النص الكامل
2016
Dewer, Youssef | Pottier, Marie-Anne | Lalouette, Lisa | Maria, Annick | Dacher, Matthieu | Belzunces, Luc | Kairo, Guillaume | Renault, David | Maibeche, Martine
Insecticides have long been used as the main method in limiting agricultural pests, but their widespread use hasresulted in environmental pollution, development of resistances, and biodiversity reduction. The effects of insecticides at low residual doses on both the targeted crop pest species and beneficial insects have become a major concern. In particular, these low doses can induce unexpected positive (hormetic) effects on pest insects, such as surges in population growth exceeding what would have been observed without pesticide application. Methomyl and chlorpyrifos are two insecticides commonly used to control the population levels of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, a major pest moth. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects ofsublethal doses of these two pesticides, known to present a residual activity and persistence in the environment, on the moth physiology. Using a metabolomic approach, we showed that sublethal doses of methomyl and chlorpyrifos have a systemic effect on the treated insects. We also demonstrated a behavioral disruption of S. littoralis larvae exposed to sublethal doses of methomyl, whereas no effects were observed for the same doses of chlorpyrifos. Interestingly, we highlighted that sublethal doses of both pesticides did not induce a change in acetylcholinesterase activity in head of exposed larvae.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Spatial and temporal variations of N2O emission in a vertical flow constructed wetland | Variations spatiale et temporelle d'émission de N20 dans un filtre planté à écoulement vertical النص الكامل
2016
Bollon, Julien | Filali, Ahlem | Fayolle, Yannick | Molle, Pascal | Mander, Ülo | Gillot, Sylvie | Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Tartu Ülikool = University of Tartu [Estonie]
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]TED | International audience | Gas emissions of Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (VFCW) treating raw wastewater have been poorly investigated. One of the main issue measuring gas emissions on such systems is related to their high heterogeneity of flow conditions (surface water distribution, feeding/resting periods etc). It is thus of importance to develop a specific methodology to be able first to determine representative gas emission fluxes and then to decide how filter‘s operation can affect these emissions. This study investigates greenhouse gas emissions from a full-scale VFCW for raw wastewater treatment. The plant designed for 800 population equivalents combines two stages of vertical subsurface flow filters planted with Phragmites. Australis. Gaseous emissions were continuously monitored during three weeks representing an overall feeding/resting period (1/3 weeks). Several automatic closed chambers connected to an infrared analyzer were placed at different strategic positions of the filters and allowed the measurement of tens of gaseous fluxes per day and per position. Dissolved N2O concentration was measured in the inlet and the outlet of each filtration stage using N2O micro-sensors. A combination of on-line sensors for NH4+ and NO3- and 24-h composite samples was used to characterize the process performances of each filtration stage. Finally, O2concentration was regularly measured in the air phase of the porous media in order to evaluate the aerobic conditions of the filters. Ammonium removal was on average of 94% during the monitoring period. The continuous measurement highlighted strong spatial and temporal variability of gaseous fluxes. This latter was observed at different time scales (day, week, feeding/resting cycle) and was linked to: (i) the intermittent feeding of the filters, (ii) oxygen content in the porous media and (iii) environmental conditions such as the ambient temperature. Dissolved N2O flux represented about 20% of the total flux (gas + liquid) which indicates the importance of accounting the dissolved flux in the N2O budget. The two filtration stages exhausted contrasted fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide in relation to carbon load and oxygen availability for carbon removal and nitrification. From a methodological point of view, this study indicates that: (i) continuous monitoring of greenhouse gas fluxes during at least an overall filtration cycle and (ii) appropriate spatial sampling strategy are decisive for a reliable determination of emission factors in VFCWs. The overall N2O emission factor estimated during the monitoring period was of 0.78% of the influent total nitrogen which is 28 times higher than the default IPCC factor (0.023% of the TN load). As N2O emissions were strongly correlated to the oxygen concentration within the porous media, it is suspected that nitrification was the main contributor to N2O production in the VFCW studied.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Potential of barrage fish ponds for the mitigation of pesticide pollution in streams النص الكامل
2016
Gaillard, Juliette | Thomas, Marielle | Lazartigues, Angélique | Bonnefille, Benilde | Pallez, Christelle | Dauchy, Xavier | Feidt, Cyril | Banas, Damien | Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC) | Laboratoire d'hydrologie de Nancy (LHN) ; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)
International audience | Barrage fishponds may represent a significant surface water area in some French regions. Knowledge on their effect on water resources is therefore necessary for the development of appropriate water quality management plans at the regional scale. Although there is much information on the nutrient removal capacity of these water bodies, little attention has been paid to other agricultural contaminants such as pesticides. The present paper reports the results of a 1-year field monitoring of pesticide concentrations and water flows measured upstream and downstream from a fishpond in North East France to evaluate its capacity in reducing pesticide loads. Among the 42 active substances that had been applied on the fishpond's catchment, seven pesticides (five herbicides, two fungicides) were studied. The highest concentration in the inflow to the pond was 26.5 mu g/L (MCPA), while the highest concentration in pond outflow was 0.54 mu g/L (prosulfocarb). Removal rates of dissolved pesticides in the fishpond ranged from 0-8 % (prosulfocarb) to 100 % (clopyralid). Although not primarily designed for the treatment of diffuse sources of pesticides, the studied fishpond had the potential to do so.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Total nitrogen removal limitation by unsaturated/saturatedsingle stage vertical flow constructed wetland | Traitement de l'azote global dans un filtre à écoulement vertical non saturé/saturé النص الكامل
2016
Kim, B. | Molle, Pascal | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]TED | International audience | In recent years, unsaturated/saturated vertical flow constructed wetlands(VFCW) treating raw wastewateraregradually considered as apromising solution for their adaptation under various climatic conditions. These facilities provide surface optimization but alsobetter treatment efficiencies compare to classical French VFCW.The main performance improvements are: SS entrapment and carbon consumption for denitrification within saturated layer.When total nitrogen, by nitrification and denitrification,istargeted in the two successive zones, a design compromise has to be fund between nitrification efficiency and available carbon source for denitrification. As performance largely depends on unsaturated and saturated layers depths,a better understanding of their quantitative effects on treatment performance is essential for the adaptation of this system under various installation conditions. The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of these two linked design parameters onN efficiency with a focus onremoval limitations in regard to nitrogen loads. For this purpose, two different pilot-scale experimental configurations were designed: (i) 45 cm of unsaturated and 25 cm of saturated layers and (ii) 55 cm of unsaturated and 35 cm of saturated layers. The mature pilots were operated over 5 months using real wastewater with a feeding/resting period cycle of 3.5/3.5 days with a daily hydraulic load of 0.36 m d-1.In order to vary inlet nitrogen loads, ammonium nitrogen enrichments were added to vary loads from 10 to 40 g N m-2 d-1.24h flow composite samples at inlet and outlet of each pilot were semiweekly collected and analyzed for the following parameters: total suspended solids (TSS), total and dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD), Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonium, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate. Online measurement on a minute time step were done for inlet/outlet flows, oxygen content at three different depths, outlet ammonium and nitrate concentrationsby ion specific probes, and temperature. The paper will present the performance and limitations ofthe two configurations.Dynamics of nitrogen removal processes will be discussed in relation to physicochemical conditions (temperature, oxygen content, hydraulic retention time, carbon sources, etc.).
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Short-term arsenic exposure reduces diatom cell size in biofilm communities | L'exposition à court terme à l'arsenic provoque la réduction de taille diatomique dans les communautés périphytiques النص الكامل
2016
Barral Fraga, L. | Morin, Soizic | Rovira, M.D.M. | Urrea, G. | Magellan, K. | Guasch, H. | INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC ECOLOGY GIRONA ESP ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | LINCOLN UNIVERSITY BIO PROTECTION RESEARCH CENTRE LINCOLN NZL ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Short-term arsenic exposure reduces diatom cell size in biofilm communities | L'exposition à court terme à l'arsenic provoque la réduction de taille diatomique dans les communautés périphytiques النص الكامل
2016
Barral Fraga, L. | Morin, Soizic | Rovira, M.D.M. | Urrea, G. | Magellan, K. | Guasch, H. | INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC ECOLOGY GIRONA ESP ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | LINCOLN UNIVERSITY BIO PROTECTION RESEARCH CENTRE LINCOLN NZL ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]BELCA | International audience | Arsenic (As) pollution in water has important impacts for human and ecosystem health. In freshwaters, arsenate (AsV) can be taken up by microalgae due to its similarity with phosphate molecules, its toxicity being aggravated under phosphate depletion. An experiment combining ecological and ecotoxicological descriptors was conducted to investigate the effects of AsV (130 microg L-1 over 13 days) on the structure and function of fluvial biofilm under phosphate-limiting conditions. We further incorporated fish (Gambusia holbrooki) into our experimental system, expecting fish to provide more available phosphate for algae and, consequently, protecting algae against As toxicity. However, this protection role was not fully achieved. Arsenic inhibited algal growth and productivity but not bacteria. The diatom community was clearly affected showing a strong reduction in cell biovolume; selection for tolerant species, in particular Achnanthidium minutissimum; and a reduction in species richness. Our results have important implications for risk assessment, as the experimental As concentration used was lower than acute toxicity criteria established by the USEPA.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Short-term arsenic exposure reduces diatom cell size in biofilm communities النص الكامل
2016
Barral-Fraga, Laura | Morin, Soizic | Rovira, Marona D. M. | Urrea, Gemma | Magellan, Kit | Guasch, Helena
Arsenic (As) pollution in water has important impacts for human and ecosystem health. In freshwaters, arsenate (Asⱽ) can be taken up by microalgae due to its similarity with phosphate molecules, its toxicity being aggravated under phosphate depletion. An experiment combining ecological and ecotoxicological descriptors was conducted to investigate the effects of Asⱽ (130 μg L⁻¹ over 13 days) on the structure and function of fluvial biofilm under phosphate-limiting conditions. We further incorporated fish (Gambusia holbrooki) into our experimental system, expecting fish to provide more available phosphate for algae and, consequently, protecting algae against As toxicity. However, this protection role was not fully achieved. Arsenic inhibited algal growth and productivity but not bacteria. The diatom community was clearly affected showing a strong reduction in cell biovolume; selection for tolerant species, in particular Achnanthidium minutissimum; and a reduction in species richness. Our results have important implications for risk assessment, as the experimental As concentration used was lower than acute toxicity criteria established by the USEPA.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Evaluation of epoxiconazole bioavailability in soil to the earthworm Aporrectodea icterica النص الكامل
2016
Nelieu, Sylvie | Delarue, Ghislaine | Ollivier, Elodie | Awad, Pierre | Fraillon, Félix | Pelosi, Céline | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Université Paris-Saclay
Evaluation of epoxiconazole bioavailability in soil to the earthworm Aporrectodea icterica
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Evidence for the importance of litter as a co-substrate for MCPA dissipation in an agricultural soil النص الكامل
2016
Saleh, Omar | Pagel, Holger | Enowashu, Esther | Devers, Marion | Martin-Laurent, Fabrice | Streck, Thilo | Kandeler, Ellen | Poll, Christian | Universität Hohenheim = University of Hohenheim | Birzeit University | Agroécologie [Dijon] ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement | DFG Biogeochemical Interfaces [SPP1315, KA 1590/5-1]
International audience | Environmental controls of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) degradation are poorly understood. We investigated whether microbial MCPA degraders are stimulated by (maize) litter and whether this process depends on concentrations of MCPA and litter. In a microcosm experiment, different amounts of litter (0, 10 and 20 g kg(-1)) were added to soils exposed to three levels of the herbicide (0, 5 and 30 mg kg(-1)). The treated soils were incubated at 20 A degrees C for 6 weeks, and samples were taken after 1, 3 and 6 weeks of incubation. In soils with 5 mg kg(-1) MCPA, about 50 % of the MCPA was dissipated within 1 week of the incubation. Almost complete dissipation of the herbicide had occurred by the end of the incubation with no differences between the three litter amendments. At the higher concentration (30 mg kg(-1)), MCPA endured longer in the soil, with only 31 % of the initial amount being removed at the end of the experiment in the absence of litter. Litter addition greatly increased the dissipation rate with 70 and 80 % of the herbicide being dissipated in the 10 and 20 g kg(-1) litter treatments, respectively. Signs of toxic effects of MCPA on soil bacteria were observed from related phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses, while fungi showed higher tolerance to the increased MCPA levels. The abundance of bacterial tfdA genes in soil increased with the co-occurrence of litter and high MCPA concentration, indicating the importance of substrate availability in fostering MCPA-degrading bacteria and thereby improving the potential for removal of MCPA in the environment.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]A trench study to assess transfer of pesticides in subsurface lateral flow for a soil with contrasting texture on a sloping vineyard in Beaujolais | Utilisation d'une tranchée pour l'évaluation des transferts latéraux de pesticides en subsurface dans un sol à rupture texturale de perméabilité, dans le Beaujolais de coteaux النص الكامل
2016
Peyrard, X. | Liger, L. | Guillemain, C. | Gouy, V. | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
A trench study to assess transfer of pesticides in subsurface lateral flow for a soil with contrasting texture on a sloping vineyard in Beaujolais | Utilisation d'une tranchée pour l'évaluation des transferts latéraux de pesticides en subsurface dans un sol à rupture texturale de perméabilité, dans le Beaujolais de coteaux النص الكامل
2016
Peyrard, X. | Liger, L. | Guillemain, C. | Gouy, V. | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]ARCEAU | International audience | Subsurface lateral flow in both texture-contrast soils and catchments with shallow bedrock is suspected to be a non-point source of contamination of watercourses by pesticides used in agriculture. As a case study, the north of the Beaujolais region (eastern France) provides a favorable environment for such contamination due to its agro-pedoclimatic conditions. Environments seen in the Beaujolais region include intense viticulture, permeable and shallow soils, steep hillslopes, and storms that occur during the periods of pesticide application. Watercourse contamination by pesticides has been widely observed in this region, and offsite pesticide transport by subsurface lateral flow is suspected to be involved in diffuse and chronic presence of pesticides in surface water. In order to confirm and quantify the potential role of such processes in pesticide transfer, an automated trench system has been designed. The trench was set up on a steep farmed hillslope in a texture-contrast soil. It was equipped with a tipping bucket flow meter and an automatic sampler to monitor pesticide concentrations in lateral flow at fine resolution, by means of a flow-dependent sampling strategy. Four pesticides currently used in vine growing were studied to provide a range of mobility properties: one insecticide (chlorpyrifos-methyl) and three fungicides (spiroxamine, tebuconazole, and dimethomorph). With this system, it was possible to study pesticide concentration dynamics in the subsurface lateral flow, generated by substantial rainfall events following pesticide applications. The experimental design ascertained to be a suitable method in which to monitor subsurface lateral flow and related transfer of pesticides.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]A trench study to assess transfer of pesticides in subsurface lateral flow for a soil with contrasting texture on a sloping vineyard in Beaujolais النص الكامل
2016
Peyrard, X. | Liger, L. | Guillemain, C. | Gouy, V.
Subsurface lateral flow in both texture-contrast soils and catchments with shallow bedrock is suspected to be a non-point source of contamination of watercourses by pesticides used in agriculture. As a case study, the north of the Beaujolais region (eastern France) provides a favorable environment for such contamination due to its agro-pedo-climatic conditions. Environments seen in the Beaujolais region include intense viticulture, permeable and shallow soils, steep hillslopes, and storms that occur during the periods of pesticide application. Watercourse contamination by pesticides has been widely observed in this region, and offsite pesticide transport by subsurface lateral flow is suspected to be involved in diffuse and chronic presence of pesticides in surface water. In order to confirm and quantify the potential role of such processes in pesticide transfer, an automated trench system has been designed. The trench was set up on a steep farmed hillslope in a texture-contrast soil. It was equipped with a tipping bucket flow meter and an automatic sampler to monitor pesticide concentrations in lateral flow at fine resolution, by means of a flow-dependent sampling strategy. Four pesticides currently used in vine growing were studied to provide a range of mobility properties: one insecticide (chlorpyrifos-methyl) and three fungicides (spiroxamine, tebuconazole, and dimethomorph). With this system, it was possible to study pesticide concentration dynamics in the subsurface lateral flow, generated by substantial rainfall events following pesticide applications. The experimental design ascertained to be a suitable method in which to monitor subsurface lateral flow and related transfer of pesticides.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) as a tool for monitoring Lake Geneva long-term in situ ecotoxic restoration from herbicide contamination النص الكامل
2016
Larras, Floriane | Rimet, Frédéric | Gregorio, V. | Berard, Annette, A. | Leboulanger, C. | Montuelle, Bernard | Bouchez, Agnes | Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) | Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) ; Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut des sciences de la terre [Lausanne] (ISTE) ; Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL) | Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | This work is part of the IMPALAC program funded by The Ministere Francais de l'Ecologie et du Developpement Durable (convention 2100212555)
International audience | Chemical monitoring revealed a regular decrease in herbicide concentration in Lake Geneva since last decades that may be linked to an ecotoxic restoration of nontarget phytoplanktonic communities. The Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) approach was tested as a tool to monitor the ecotoxic restoration of Lake Geneva for herbicides from 1999 to 2011. We conducted monthly assessments in 1999 and in 2011 for the tolerance of the phytoplankton communities to two herbicides (atrazine and copper), using PICT bioassays. The taxonomical composition of the communities was determined on the same collecting dates. The herbicide concentration decrease during the 12 years significantly influenced the composition of communities. The PICT monitoring indicated that a significant tolerance decrease in the community to both herbicides accompanied the herbicide concentration decrease. PICT measurements for atrazine and copper also changed at the intra-annual level. These variations were mainly due to community composition shifts linked to seasonal phosphorus and temperature changes. PICT monitoring on a seasonal basis is required to monitor the mean tolerance of communities. PICT appeared to be a powerful tool that reflected the toxic effects on environmental communities and to monitor ecotoxic ecosystem restoration.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Microbial and mineral evolution in zero valent iron based Permeable Reactive Barriers during long-term operations النص الكامل
2016
Kumar, Naresh | Millot, Romain | Battaglia-Brunet, Fabienne | Omoregie, Enoma | Chaurand, Perrine | Borschneck, Daniel | Bastiaens, Leen | Rose, Jérôme | Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) | Universiteit Antwerpen = University of Antwerpen [Antwerpen] | Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) | This work is a contribution of the AquaTRAIN MRTN (Contract No. MRTN-CT-2006-035420) funded under the European Commission sixth framework programme (2002-2006) Marie Curie actions, human resources and mobility activity area-research and training networks | European Project: 36245,AQUATRAIN
Microbial and mineral evolution in zero valent iron based Permeable Reactive Barriers during long-term operations النص الكامل
2016
Kumar, Naresh | Millot, Romain | Battaglia-Brunet, Fabienne | Omoregie, Enoma | Chaurand, Perrine | Borschneck, Daniel | Bastiaens, Leen | Rose, Jérôme | Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) | Universiteit Antwerpen = University of Antwerpen [Antwerpen] | Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) | This work is a contribution of the AquaTRAIN MRTN (Contract No. MRTN-CT-2006-035420) funded under the European Commission sixth framework programme (2002-2006) Marie Curie actions, human resources and mobility activity area-research and training networks | European Project: 36245,AQUATRAIN
International audience | Impacts of subsurface biogeochemical processes over time have always been a concern for the long-term performance of zero valent iron (Fe0) based Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRB’s). To evaluate the biogeochemical impacts, laboratory experiments were performed using flow-through glass columns for 210 days at controlled temperature (20 °C). Two different particle size of Fe0 were used in the columns, and to simulate indigenous microbial activity, extra carbon source was provided in two columns (biotic columns) and remaining two columns were kept abiotic. Heavy metals (Zn, As) were removed efficiently in all the columns, and no exhaustion of treatment capability or clogging were observed during our experimental duration. Newly formed Fe- mineral phases and precipitates were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX and micro-XRF techniques in solid phase at the end of the experiment. In addition, 16S rRNA gene extraction was used for microbial community identification in biotic columns. During the incubation, microbial population shifted in favour of Desulforsporosinus species (sulfate-reducing bacteria) from initial dominance of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in sediments. Dominant mineral phases detected in biotic columns were mackinawite (FeS) and sulfate green-rust while in abiotic columns magnetite/maghemite phases were more prevalent.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Microbial and mineral evolution in zero valent iron-based permeable reactive barriers during long-term operations النص الكامل
2016
Kumar, Naresh | Millot, Romain | Battaglia-Brunet, Fabienne | Omoregie, Enoma | Chaurand, Perrine | Borschneck, Daniel | Bastiaens, Leen | Rose, Jerome
Impacts of subsurface biogeochemical processes over time have always been a concern for the long-term performance of zero valent iron (Fe⁰)-based permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). To evaluate the biogeochemical impacts, laboratory experiments were performed using flow-through glass columns for 210 days at controlled temperature (20 °C). Two different particle sizes of Fe⁰ were used in the columns, and to simulate indigenous microbial activity, extra carbon source was provided in the two columns (biotic columns) and the remaining two columns were kept abiotic using gamma radiations. Heavy metals (Zn, As) were removed efficiently in all the columns, and no exhaustion of treatment capability or clogging was observed during our experimental duration. Newly formed Fe mineral phases and precipitates were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and micro-XRF techniques in solid phase at the end of the experiment. In addition, 16S rRNA gene extraction was used for microbial community identification in biotic columns. During the incubation, microbial population shifted in favor of Desulfosporosinus species (sulfate-reducing bacteria) from initial dominance of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in sediments. Dominant mineral phases detected in biotic columns were mackinawite (FeS) and sulfate green rust, while in abiotic columns, magnetite/maghemite phases were more prevalent.
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