خيارات البحث
النتائج 141 - 150 من 7,214
Measurement of hair thyroid and steroid hormone concentrations in the rat evidence endocrine disrupting potential of a low dose mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
2022
Peng, Feng-Jiao | Palazzi, Paul | Viguié, Catherine | Appenzeller, Brice M.R. | Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) | Exposition, Perturbation Endocrino-métabolique et Reproduction (ToxAlim-EXPER) ; ToxAlim (ToxAlim) ; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | ToxAlim (ToxAlim) ; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | This work was financially supported by the Luxembourg Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche (MESR).
International audience | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been shown to influence endogenous hormones levels in animal models, but little is known about the effects of their mixtures. For hormone measurements, hair analysis is a promising approach to provide information on long-term status of hormones. Herein we used hair analysis to assess the combined effects of 13 PAHs on steroid and thyroid hormones levels in a rat model. The PAH mixture was administered orally three times per week to female rats at doses of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 200, 400 and 800 μg/kg of body weight for each compound over a 90-day exposure period. Fourteen out of 36 analyzed hormones were detected in rat hair, including pregnenolone (P5), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP4), corticosterone (CORT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (AD), 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2), 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), and 3,5,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T4). The PAH mixture significantly elevated P5 and DHEA levels at the doses of 200 and 400 μg/kg but reduced T2 and T3 levels at the highest dose as compared to the control. While P5, DHEA, 17-OHP4 and AD concentrations exhibited inverted U-shaped dose responses, T2, T3 and T4 concentrations exhibited inverse linear dose responses, which are further confirmed by their relationships with hair hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) concentrations. Likewise, there were significant nonmonotonic relationships of hormone molar ratios (e.g., AD/17-OHP4 and DHEA/CORT ratios) with exposure intensity and OH-PAHs. Overall, our results demonstrate the capability of PAH mixtures to interfere with steroid and thyroid hormones in female rats.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Vulnerability and tolerance to nickel of periphytic biofilm harvested in summer and winter
2022
Laderriere, Vincent | Morin, Soizic | Eon, Mélissa | Fortin, Claude | Centre Eau Terre Environnement [Québec] (INRS - ETE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS) | Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Nunavik
International audience | Metals are naturally present in freshwater ecosystems but anthropogenic activities like mining operations represent a long-standing concern. Metals released into aquatic environments may affect microbial communities such as periphytic biofilm, which plays a key role as a primary producer in stream ecosystems. Using two 28-day microcosm studies involving two different photoperiods (light/dark cycle of 16/8 vs 8/16), the present study assessed the effects of four increasing nickel (Ni) concentrations (0-6 mu M) on two natural biofilm communities collected at different seasons (summer and winter). The two communities were characterized by different structural profiles and showed significant differences in Ni accumulated content for each treatment. For instance, the biofilm metal content was four times higher in the case of summer biofilm at the highest Ni treatment and after 28 days of exposure. Biomarkers examined targeted both heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms. For heterotrophs, the 8-glucosidase and 8-glucosaminidase showed no marked effects of Ni exposure and were globally similar between the two communities suggesting low toxicity. However, the photosynthetic yield confirmed the toxicity of Ni on autotrophs with maximum inhibition of 81 +/- 7% and 60 +/- 1% respectively for the summer and winter biofilms. Furthermore, biofilms previously exposed to the highest long-term Ni con-centration ([Ni2+] = 6 mu M) revealed no acute effects in subsequent toxicity based on the PSII yield, suggesting a tolerance acquisition by the phototrophic community. Taken together, the results suggest that the biofilm response to Ni exposure was dependent of the function considered and that descriptors such as biofilm metal content could be seasonally dependent, information of great importance in a context of biomonitoring.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]New insights on glass industry wasteland ecosystems
2022
Jacquet, Julien | Benizri, Emile | Echevarria, Guillaume | Sirguey, Catherine | ECONICK, 1 rue Granville, 54000 Nancy, France | Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE) ; Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | ANRT convention Cifre n ◦ 2019/1926 | ADEME convention n◦ 1972C0020 | Projet SOLAMET | GISFI research consortium
International audience | Glass manufacturing operations lead to an increasing number of abandoned slag heaps contaminated with metallic trace elements (MTE). However, the relative influence of edaphic factors on the biodiversity of glasswork wastelands is still poorly understood although closely related to sustainable land management practices. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to provide new insights into glasswork wastelands through the investigation of (i) Orthoptera, diurnal Lepidoptera, plant communities, and (ii) abiotic parameters in the topsoils. To that end, biodiversity indices were computed from ecological inventories performed on the herbaceous layer. In addition, soil samples were taken from the topsoil layer (0-10 cm) to assess agronomic properties, actually (CEC-exchangeable) and potentially bioavailable MTE fractions (DTPA-extractable) and pseudo-total MTE contents. On the one hand, the studied site was able to support a substantially higher than excepted biodiversity with orthopteran assemblages similar to grasslands and a diurnal Lepidoptera diversity comparable to urban parks. We also noted a positive influence of plant richness on the diurnal Lepidoptera community structure. On the other hand, topsoil analysis revealed a severe Pb contamination (1800-3100 mg kg − 1) and a high potentially bioavailable Pb fraction (800-1300 mg kg − 1). However, CEC-exchangeable MTE concentrations were all below the analytical quantification limits. Moreover, the site was characterized by a medium soil fertility. From these results, Pb contamination does not appear to be a primary limiting factor for the establishment of these communities. We assume that glasswork wasteland ecosytems are more affected by soil fertility or land management practices. To conclude, these sites are able to provide biodiversity ecosystem services, acting as wildlife sanctuaries for Orthoptera and diurnal Lepidoptera, and strategic metals by phytoextraction in a circular economy model. Thus, wasteland management practices should consider the local-scale drivers of biodiversity in order to reach at least the zero net loss of biodiversity. ☆ This paper has been recommended for acceptance by Amit Bhatnagar.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Metal bioavailable contamination engages richness decline, species turnover but unchanged functional diversity of stream macroinvertebrates at the scale of a French region
2022
Alric, Benjamin | Geffard, Olivier | Chaumot, Arnaud | Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff = Roscoff Marine Station (SBR) ; Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience | Freshwater ecosystems are the main source of water for sustaining life on earth, and the biodiversity they support is the main source of valuable goods and services for human populations. Despite growing recognition of the impairment of freshwater ecosystems by micropollutant contamination, different conceptual and methodological considerations can newly be addressed to improve our understanding of the ecological impact into these ecosystems. Here, we originally combined in situ ecotoxicology and community ecology concepts to unveil the mechanisms structuring macroinvertebrate communities along a regional contamination gradient. The novelty of our study lies in the use of an innovative biomonitoring approach (measurement of metal contents in caged crustaceans) allowing to quantify and compare on a regional scale the levels of bioavailable metal contamination to which stream communities are exposed. We were hence able to identify 23 streams presenting a significant gradient of bioavailable metal contamination within the same catchment area in the South West of France, from which we also obtained data on the composition of resident macroinvertebrate communities. Analyses of structural and functional integrity of communities revealed an unexpected decoupling between taxonomic and functional diversity of communities in response to bioavailable metal contamination. We show that despite the negative impact of bioavailable metal contamination exposure on taxonomic diversity (with an average species loss of 17% in contaminated streams), functional diversity is maintained through a process of non-random species replacement by functional redundant species at the regional scale. Such unanticipated findings call for a deeper characterization of metal-tolerant communities' ability to cope with environmental variability in multistressed ecosystems.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Environmental microplastics disrupt swimming activity in acute exposure in Danio rerio larvae and reduce growth and reproduction success in chronic exposure in D. rerio and Oryzias melastigma
2022
Cormier, Bettie | Cachot, Jérôme | Blanc, Mélanie | Cabar, Mathieu | Clérandeau, Christelle | Dubocq, Florian | Le Bihanic, Florane | Morin, Bénédicte | Zapata, Sarah | Bégout, Marie-Laure | Cousin, Xavier | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Örebro University | Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - Station Ifremer Palavas (UMR MARBEC PALAVAS) ; MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC (UMR MARBEC ) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM) | This work was developed under the EPHEMARE project (Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics in marine ecosystems), supported by national funding agencies within the framework of JPI Oceans (FCT JPIOCEANS/0005/2015; FORMAS, 2015-01865; ANR-15-JOCE-0002-01). Bettie Cormier was directly supported by an IdEx grant from the University of Bordeaux. | ANR-15-JOCE-0002,EPHEMARE,Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics in marine ecosystems(2015)
International audience | Microplastics (MPs), widely present in aquatic ecosystems, can be ingested by numerous organisms, but their toxicity remains poorly understood. Toxicity of environmental MPs from 2 beaches located on the Guadeloupe archipelago, Marie Galante (MG) and Petit-Bourg (PB) located near the North Atlantic gyre, was evaluated. A first experiment consisted in exposing early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to MPs at 1 or 10 mg/L. The exposure of early life stages to particles in water induced no toxic effects except a decrease in larval swimming activity for both MPs exposures (MG or PB). Then, a second experiment was performed as a chronic feeding exposure over 4 months, using a freshwater fish species, zebrafish, and a marine fish species, marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Fish were fed with food supplemented with environmentally relevant concentrations (1% wet weight of MPs in food) of environmental MPs from both sites. Chronic feeding exposure led to growth alterations in both species exposed to either MG or PB MPs but were more pronounced in marine medaka. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were only altered for marine medaka. Reproductive outputs were modified following PB exposure with a 70 and 42% decrease for zebrafish and marine medaka, respectively. Offspring of both species (F1 generation) were reared to evaluate toxicity following parental exposure on unexposed larvae. For zebrafish offspring, it revealed premature mortality after parental MG exposure and parental PB exposure produced behavioural disruptions with hyperactivity of F1 unexposed larvae. This was not observed in marine medaka offspring. This study highlights the ecotoxicological consequences of short and long-term exposures to environmental microplastics relevant to coastal marine areas, which represent essential habitats for a wide range of aquatic organisms.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Associations between internal concentrations of fluorinated and organochlorinated chemicals in women and in vitro fertilization outcomes: A multi-pollutant study
2022
Lefebvre, Tiphaine | Fréour, Thomas | Duval, Gauthier | Ploteau, Stéphane | Marchand, Philippe | Le Bizec, Bruno | Antignac, Jean-Philippe | Cano-Sancho, Germán | Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital (CHU Nantes) | Laboratoire d'étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA) ; École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Team 2 : Cell and gene engineering in tolerance, fertility and regenerative medicine (Team 2 - U1064 Inserm - CR2TI) ; Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie - Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (U1064 Inserm - CR2TI) ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE) ; Nantes Université - pôle Santé ; Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé ; Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE) ; Nantes Université - pôle Santé ; Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé ; Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ) | Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie - Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (U1064 Inserm - CR2TI) ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE) ; Nantes Université - pôle Santé ; Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé ; Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ) | Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)
International audience | The impact of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on reproductive health is still poorly understood, even though infertility management has high associated societal and economical costs. The aims of this study were to characterize the internal levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF); and evaluate their association with IVF outcomes, individually and as mixtures in a combined multipollutant approach. Thus, 136 women undergoing IVF treatment at Nantes University Hospital (France) were prospectively recruited between 2019 and 2020. Serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem-mass spectrometry for 14 PFAS. Follicular fluid was analyzed with gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry for 14 PCBs and 25 OCPs. Intermediate and clinical IVF outcomes were ascertained by embryologists and clinicians using standardized protocols. Multivariate Poisson regression models and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regressions (BKMR) were used to identify individual and joint associations between POPs and IVF outcomes adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI) and anti-Müllerian hormone. The results showed that most POPs were widely present in women, and globally not associated with clinically relevant IVF outcomes, like live birth rates. Nonetheless, negative associations between PCB138 and trans-nonachlor with useable blastocysts were identified, β -0.28 (95%CI [-0.52; -0.04] p = 0.02) and β -0.22 (95%CI [-0.40; -0.03] p = 0.02). Conversely, PCB28 showed positive associations with the number of useable blastocysts, pregnancy rate and live birth rate. The BKMR analysis suggested the lack of association of the mixture with intermediate and clinical outcomes. The study supports the need of conducting further studies in a larger population sample in order to ensure sufficient statistical power to identify modest effects and a robust stratification analysis to account for the large underlying disease heterogeneity.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Metabolic, cellular and defense responses to single and co-exposure to carbamazepine and methylmercury in Dreissena polymorpha
2022
Baratange, Clément | Paris-Palacios, Séverine | Bonnard, Isabelle | Delahaut, Laurence | Dominique, Grandjean | Wortham, Laurence | Sayen, Stéphanie | Gallorini, Andrea | Michel, Jean | Renault, D | Breider, Florian | Loizeau, Jean-Luc | Cosio, Claudia | Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO) ; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH) ; Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-SFR Condorcet ; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC) ; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) | Pathologies Pulmonaires et Plasticité Cellulaire - UMR-S 1250 (P3CELL) ; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) | Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims - UMR 7312 (ICMR) ; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé) ; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SFR Condorcet ; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE) | Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
International audience | Carbamazepine (CBZ) and Hg are widespread and persistent micropollutants in aquatic environments. Both pollutants are known to trigger similar toxicity mechanisms, e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Here, their effects were assessed in the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, frequently used as a freshwater model in ecotoxicology and biomonitoring. Single and co-exposures to CBZ (3.9 µg•L-1) and MeHg (280 ng•L-1) were performed for 1 and 7 days. Metabolomics analyses evidenced that the co-exposure was the most disturbing after 7 days, reducing the amount of 25 metabolites involved in protein synthesis, energy metabolism, antioxidant response and osmoregulation, and significantly altering cells and organelles' structure supporting a reduction of functions of gills and digestive glands. CBZ alone after 7 days decreased the amount of α-aminobutyric acid and had a moderate effect on the structure of mitochondria in digestive glands. MeHg alone had no effect on mussels' metabolome, but caused a significant alteration of cells and organelles' structure in gills and digestive glands. Single exposures and the co-exposure increased antioxidant responses vs control in gills and digestive glands, without resulting in lipid peroxidation, suggesting an increased ROS production caused by both pollutants. Data globally supported that a higher number of hyperactive cells compensated cellular alterations in the digestive gland of mussels exposed to CBZ or MeHg alone, while CBZ+MeHg co-exposure overwhelmed this compensation after 7 days. Those effects were unpredictable based on cellular responses to CBZ and MeHg alone, highlighting the need to consider molecular toxicity pathways for a better anticipation of effects of pollutants in biota in complex environmental conditions.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Quantitative assessment of sediment delivery and retention in four watersheds in the Godavari River Basin, India, using InVEST model — an aquatic ecosystem services perspective
2022
Kantharajan, Ganesan | Govindakrishnan, Panamanna Mahadevan | Singh, Rajeev K. | Estrada-Carmona, Natalia | Jones, Sarah K. | Singh, Achal | Mohindra, Vindhya | Kumar, Nallur Kothanda Raman Krishna | Rana, Jai C. | Jena, Joy Krushna | Lal, Kuldeep Kumar
Plastic burdens in northern fulmars from Svalbard: Looking back 25 years
2022
Collard, France | Bangjord, Georg | Herzke, Dorte | Gabrielsen, Geir W
peer reviewed | The northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis ingests a larger number of (micro)plastics than many other seabirds due to its feeding habits and gut morphology. Since 2002, they are bioindicators of marine plastics in the North Sea region, and data are needed to extend the programme to other parts of their distribution areas, such as the Arctic. In this study, we provide data on ingested plastics by fulmars collected in 1997 in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. An extraction protocol with KOH was used and for half of the birds, the gizzard and the proventricular contents were analysed separately. Ninety-one percent of the birds had ingested at least one piece of plastic with an average of 10.3 (±11.9 SD) pieces. The gizzards contained significantly more plastics than the proventriculus. Hard fragments and polyethylene were the most common characteristics. Twelve percent of the birds exceeded the EcoQO value of 0.1 g.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Magnetic resonance imaging for non-invasive measurement of plastic ingestion in marine wildlife
2022
Anderssen, Kathryn E | Gabrielsen, Geir Wing | Kranz, Mathias | Collard, France
peer reviewed | Monitoring plastic ingestion by marine wildlife is important for both characterizing the extent of plastic pollution in the environment and understanding its effect on species and ecosystems. Current methods to detect plastic in the digestive system of animals are slow and invasive, such that the number of animals that can be screened is limited. In this article, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is investigated as a possible technology to perform rapid, non-invasive detection of plastic ingestion. Standard MRI methods were able to directly measure one type of plastic in a fulmar stomach and another type was able to be indirectly detected. In addition to MRI, other standard nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were made. Different types of plastic were tested, and distinctive NMR signal characteristics were found in common for each type, allowing them to be distinguished from one another. The NMR results indicate specialized MRI sequences could be used to directly image several types of plastic. Although current commercial MRI technology is not suitable for field use, existing single-sided MRI research systems could be adapted for use outside the laboratory and become an important tool for future monitoring of wild animals.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]