خيارات البحث
النتائج 1511 - 1520 من 4,940
Environmental risks associated with contaminants of legacy and emerging concern at European aquaculture areas
2019
Aminot, Yann | Sayfritz, Stephen J. | Thomas, Kevin V. | Godinho, Lia | Botteon, Elena | Ferrari, Federico | Boti, Vasiliki | Albanis, Triantafyllos | Köck-schulmeyer, Marianne | Diaz-cruz, Silvia | Farré, Marinella | Barceló, Damià | Marques, António | Readman, James W.
The contamination of marine ecosystems by contaminants of emerging concern such as personal care products or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances is of increasing concern. This work assessed the concentrations of selected contaminants of emerging concern in water and sediment of European aquaculture areas, to evaluate their co-variation with legacy contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and faecal biomarkers, and estimate the risks associated with their occurrence. The 9 study sites were selected in 7 European countries to be representative of the aquaculture activities of their region: 4 sites in the Atlantic Ocean and 5 in the Mediterranean Sea. Musks, UV filters, preservatives, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in at least one of the sites with regional differences. While personal care products appear to be the main component of the water contamination, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were mostly found in sediments. As expected, generally higher levels of personal care products were found in sewage impacted sites, urbanised coasts and estuaries. The risk assessment for water and sediment revealed a potential risk for the local aquatic environment from contaminants of both legacy and emerging concern, with a significant contribution of the UV filter octocrylene. Despite marginal contributions of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the total concentrations, PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) aqueous concentrations combined to its low ecotoxicity thresholds produced significant hazard quotients indicating a potential risk to the ecosystems.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Spatial and temporal variation of three biomarkers in Mytilus edulis
2019
Strubbia, Sofia | Lyons, B. P. | Lee, R. J.
Environmental conditions and xenobiotic exposure can be sources of stress to living organisms. Biological markers are measurable indicator of changes which may happen at any biological level and which can be considered an early warning signal of some biological or environmental state or condition. A structured field study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between three biomarker assays and the spatial and temporal variation of each biomarker in samples of Mytilus edulis. The three biomarkers were the neutral red retention assay, micronucleus assay and comet assay, which indicate damage at different cellular/molecular levels. Three sites in Poole Harbour, an area on the South coast of the UK were sampled on six separate occasions at least three weeks apart. The results for the comet assay showed a significant difference between sites and between sampling dates whereas the results for the other two assays did not show a significant difference for either factor. There was no significant correlation between the results of any pair of the three biomarkers. The results of the micronucleus assay showed a significant correlation with water temperature. This temperature effect, as well as induced repair, may contribute to explain the lack of a strict correspondence between pollution gradients and biomarkers responses.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Consequences of a contaminant mixture of bisphenol A (BPA) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), two plastic-derived chemicals, on the diversity of coastal phytoplankton
2019
M'Rabet, Charaf | Yahia, Ons Kefi-daly | Couet, Douglas | Gueroun, Sonia Khadija Maite | Pringault, Olivier
To assess the impact of two plastic derived chemicals: bisphenol A (BPA) and the di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), on phytoplankton biomass and community structure, microcosm incubations were performed during spring and summer, with offshore and lagoon waters of a south-western Mediterranean ecosystem. Phytoplankton were exposed to an artificial mixture of BPA and DEHP and to marine water previously enriched with plastic-derivative compounds, originated from in situ water incubations of plastic debris for 30 days. After 96 h of incubation, changes were observed in phytoplankton biomass in the contaminated microcosms, with a net decrease (up to 50% of the control) in the concentration of Chlorophyll a in offshore waters. Concomitantly, plastic-derivative contamination provoked structural changes, especially for offshore waters. This suggests a relative tolerance of the lagoon communities to BPA and DEHP contamination, related to the dominance of Chaetoceros spp., which could potentially be used as a bioindicator in bioassessment studies.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Occurrence and identification of microplastics in beach sediments from the Hauts-de-France region
2019
Doyen, Périne | Hermabessiere, Ludovic | Dehaut, Alexandre | Himber, Charlotte | Decodts, Marion | Degraeve, Thiefaine | Delord, Léna | Gaboriaud, Marie | Moné, Pauline | Sacco, Jade | Tavernier, Eric | Grard, Thierry | Duflos, Guillaume | Institut Charles Viollette (ICV) - ULR 7394 (ICV) ; Université d'Artois (UA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Departement Génie Biologique, IUT Calais-Boulogne ; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO) | Biochimie des Produits Aquatiques (BPA) ; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro) ; Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA) ; Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA) ; Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL) | Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl) ; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) | Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]) | Région Hauts-de-France | Anses | CPER 2014-2020 MARCO | CPER 2014-2020 MARCO
International audience | The present work was carried out to quantify microplastics (MP) from three sandy beaches along the Côte d’Opale coastline located in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. Three different study sites located along the English Channel were investigated due to different levels of anthropopression and hydrodynamic conditions. Sediments were collected at three different tide lines: high tide line (HTL), middle of the intertidal zone (IZ), and low tide line (LTL), to investigate the effects of tide line on microplastic contamination. Particles and fibers were counted and colors were recorded; polymer identification was then performed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Particle and fiber abundances ranged from 23.4 ± 18.9 to 69.3 ± 30.6 items kg−1 dry weight sediment, with a trend towards fiber predominance, were observed. No difference in particle and fiber abundance was found between the different beaches and tide lines, except for Boulogne-sur-Mer, where the particle number was significantly different between tide lines. Major polymers identified were polyethylene (36.6%) and polypropylene (10.7%). This citizen science project provided preliminary data about the abundance and polymeric nature of MP along the Côte d’Opale coastline.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Occurrence and identification of microplastics in beach sediments from the Hauts-de-France region
2019
Doyen, Périne | Hermabessiere, Ludovic | Dehaut, Alexandre | Himber, Charlotte | Decodts, Marion | Degraeve, Thiefaine | Delord, Léna | Gaboriaud, Marie | Moné, Pauline | Sacco, Jade | Tavernier, Eric | Grard, Thierry | Duflos, Guillaume | Departement Génie Biologique, IUT Calais-Boulogne ; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO) | Institut Charles Viollette (ICV) - EA 7394 (ICV) ; Université d'Artois (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture-Université de Lille | Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO) | Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl) ; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) | Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]) | Région Hauts-de-France | Anses | CPER 2014-2020 MARCO | CPER 2014-2020 MARCO
International audience | The present work was carried out to quantify microplastics (MP) from three sandy beaches along the Côte d’Opale coastline located in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. Three different study sites located along the English Channel were investigated due to different levels of anthropopression and hydrodynamic conditions. Sediments were collected at three different tide lines: high tide line (HTL), middle of the intertidal zone (IZ), and low tide line (LTL), to investigate the effects of tide line on microplastic contamination. Particles and fibers were counted and colors were recorded; polymer identification was then performed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Particle and fiber abundances ranged from 23.4 ± 18.9 to 69.3 ± 30.6 items kg−1 dry weight sediment, with a trend towards fiber predominance, were observed. No difference in particle and fiber abundance was found between the different beaches and tide lines, except for Boulogne-sur-Mer, where the particle number was significantly different between tide lines. Major polymers identified were polyethylene (36.6%) and polypropylene (10.7%). This citizen science project provided preliminary data about the abundance and polymeric nature of MP along the Côte d’Opale coastline.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Two-dimensional distribution and abundance of micro- and mesoplastic pollution in the surface sediment of Xialiao Beach, New Taipei City, Taiwan
2019
Bancin, Lamtiur Junita | Walther, Bruno A. | Lee, Yao-Chang | Kunz, Alexander
Environmental pollution with plastic is a growing problem worldwide. This study investigates the microplastic and mesoplastic pollution of Xialiao Beach in northern Taiwan. Sand from the surface (1 cm depth) was collected in a systematic manner. A total of 80 samples were taken along four transects, and plastic particles (≥1 mm) were extracted and quantified. In total, 1939 microplastic particles were recovered, with an average of 96.8 particles per 1 m2. Statistical analysis showed that the backshore had significantly more microplastic particles than the supra littoral or intertidal. Extrapolating the numbers of plastic particles found, approximately 6.8 million plastic particles (≥1 mm) weighing about 250.4 kg should be found in the surface layer of Xialiao Beach. Resampling curves were created from the data set, which showed that at minimum 20 samples should be taken to adequately estimate the mean particle abundance.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]The influence of petroleum oil films on the feather structure of tropical and temperate seabird species
2019
Matcott, James | Baylis, Shane | Clarke, Rohan H.
Feather fouling is a primary cause of seabird mortality during marine hydrocarbon oil spills. Understanding how oils interact with feathers is an important step in mitigating this threat. Seabird feathers from 12 taxa, representing most seabird families from the tropics and southern latitudes, were exposed to crude and condensate oil films under laboratory settings. Feathers were measured for changes in mass proportional to feather size, and for barbule clumping. Seabird feathers from six distinct families exposed to very thin oil sheens (<0.3 μm) showed no significant change in proportional mass relative to control treatments, and 10 of the 12 species exposed to these films revealed no significant difference in barbule clumping. By contrast, exposure to both crude and condensate oil films ≥3 μm resulted in significant increases in feather mass and clumping. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the influence of oil on feather structure when compiling threat assessments involving seabirds.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Plastics occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract of Zeus faber and Lepidopus caudatus from the Tyrrhenian Sea
2019
Bottari, Teresa | Nunziacarla, Spanò | Savoca, Serena | Mancuso, Monique | Capillo, Gioele | GiuseppePanarello, Giuseppe | MartinaBonsignore, Martina | Crupi, Rosalia | Sanfilippo, Marilena | D'Urso, Luisa | Compagnini, Giuseppe | Neri, Fortunato | Romeo, Teresa | Luna, Gian Marco | Spanò, Nunziacarla | Fazio, Enza
The present study investigates the occurrence of plastic pollution in two commercially important marine teleosts (Zeus faber and Lepidopus caudatus) from the northern coasts of Sicily (Tyrrhenian Sea). Plastics occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract was higher in Lepidopus caudatus (78.1%) than Zeus faber (51.4%). Debris characterization, carried out by micro-Raman spectroscopy, allowed identified the main types of found polymers as: polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), nylon and, to a lesser extent, polyethylene (PE). Of the two fish species studied, the silver scabbardfish appeared to be the more vulnerable to plastic ingestion. Our study represents a starting point that may pave the way for future investigation of the fate, accumulation and transfer of plastic debris to upper trophic levels, to verify their potential toxicity and to better understand strategies to mitigate this phenomenon.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Developing conceptual models that link multiple ecosystem services to ecological research to aid management and policy, the UK marine example
2019
Broszeit, Stefanie | Beaumont, Nicola J. | Hooper, Tara L. | Somerfield, Paul J. | Austen, Melanie C.
Our understanding of ecological processes that lead to ecosystem services is still evolving but ecological research aims to understand the linkages between the ecosystem and services. These linkages can affect trade-offs between different ecosystem services. Understanding these linkages, by considering multiple ecosystem services simultaneously supports management of the environment and sustainable use of resources. The UK marine environment is relatively data rich, yet the links between ecosystem and several ecosystem services and linkages between services are poorly described. A workshop with 35 marine scientists was used to create a conceptual model that links ecosystem components and key processes to four services they provide and to highlight trade-offs between them. The model was subsequently further developed to include pressures and mitigating management measures. The models are discussed in terms of their application to marine data to facilitate evidence-based marine management and their usefulness to communicate management measures with managers and stakeholders.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Morpho-functional effects of heat stress on the gills of Antarctic T. bernacchii and C. hamatus
2019
Garofalo, Filippo | Santovito, Gianfranco | Amelio, Daniela
The effect of increasing ocean water temperature on morpho-functional traits of Antarctic marine species is under intense attention.In this work, we evaluated the effects of acute heat stress on the gills of the Antarctic haemoglobinless Chionodraco hamatus and the red blooded Trematomus bernacchii in terms of morphology, heat shock response, antioxidant defense and NOS/NO system. We showed in both species that the exposure to high temperature (4 °C) induced structural alterations, such as epithelial lifting and oedema of secondary lamellae. By immunolocalization we also observed that HSP-90, HSP-70, Xantine Oxidase, Heme Oxigenase and NOS are expressed in both species under control conditions. After heat stress the signals increase in C. hamatus being absent/or reduced in T. bernacchii. Our preliminary results suggest a specie-specific morpho-functional response of the gills of the two Antarctic teleosts to heat stress.
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