Background and Aim: Visual contamination is a kind of environmental pollution that over time, its effects and consequences are increasing, and this pollution may gradually provide a good ground for nerve stress and psychological problems. Method: In this study, we tried to study the status of visual contamination and its impact on the health of citizens in two urban areas of one and twelve using the distribution of questionnaires and field method. Results: The results of the analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire revealed a significant relationship between visual contamination and four health indicators of citizens including physical signs, social function, anxiety, insomnia and depression. This means that wherever the pollution is higher, the health of citizens is at a lower level. Conclusion: Accordingly, the average index of physical symptoms and anxiety - insomnia in district 1 in a healthy condition and in the twelve region is in a mild injury situation. Also, the average social function index and depression in both regions indicate mild injury and favorable health status in them, and overall, the results indicate that the general health of District 1 in desirable situation and the twelve regions are in an unfavorable situation.

Environmental issue is one of the most important issues in the world as well as in the country. Observing the principles of environmental ethics and its ability for being amenable by peopleâs religious sensitivity can help protect the environment and control it. The present study is an analytical-descriptive based investigation in which by reviewing and scrutinizing the available resource in Imamieâs jurisprudence, Environmental law has been extracted and inferred. The purpose of this research is the Imamie jurisprudence''s viewpoint to identify the right to the environment and the effect of religious sensitivity on environmental ethics. The necessary knowledge of it is the basis of many rulings and fatwa and the rules inferred from the reasons. This is a nudist talk that hasnât been seriously discussed in Imamieh jurisprudence so far. What is being looked at here, is a new step towards placing the environment in the form of the right of third-generation rights which is a public benefit and right. To prove this right, the sources and purposes of this right in the Imamieâs jurisprudence should be studied. This is a legal right and not a moral one. Findings of the research is: The teachings of Imamieâs jurisprudence are capable of considering the environment as a right; it is the realization of a collective and legal responsibility and not moral one. For the purpose of maintaining this collective benefit for all generations, the talk is about lawfulness, unlawfulness, and punishment of environmental perpetrators.

the study aimed to validate the proposed model for environmental policy in the country to decrease environmental pollution in form of a network approach. This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out through survey approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts and policy makers in the field of environment who had environmental planning and policy making experience at national and regional level. In this research, Structural Equation Method (SEM) was used for analysis. The results showed good and acceptable fit regarding two indices of TLI and CFI (0.93). On the other hand, the number obtained in terms of the GFI index also indicates the relative fitness of the model (0.86). Also, the acceptability of the model is confirmed regarding PNFI and PGFI indices through the obtained numbers which were 0.78 and 0.84, respectively. The achieved value of the RMSEA index (0.073) also indicates that the model is acceptable. Finally, the results of factor analysis showed that this model was fit and all the numbers and parameters were significant. These facts confirm the acceptability and excellent fitness of the model. In sum, among the three main factors related to the data of the network-based environmental policy system, the âintervening conditionsâ with the factor loading of 0.96 was the best predictors. Out of the 17 measured items, the component of "national maturity" had the highest factor loading and the component of "Eleventh State Environmental Policies" had the lowest factor loading.

Abstract: Hazardous waste is generated by numerous industrial, commercial, agricultural and even domestic sources. The dangers of these wastes can vary depending on their types and environmental conditions and various short-term and long-term effects ranging from acute to chronic are expected. This study was carried out in regard to health and economic considerations and to create motivation for conducting studies to identify industrial hazardous waste which plays an important role in growing trend of country's industry. In this research, we selected 51 important industrial units of Ardebil province and data were collected through questionnaires, in-person interviews with the unitsâ authorities and referring to available documents. The information contained the types and amount of waste, temporary storage method, Discharge frequency, final disposal method, and the status of recycling and reuse. The results obtained from data analysis without considering uncontrolled industrial wastewater, show the annual production of Approximate 2,010,265 tons of waste; which about 1502 tons of this amount (according to available list in the Basel Convention), has classified under the title hazardous waste and about 12.42% of this type of waste was toxic. The share of liquid and solid physical states of the waste is respectively 59.87%, 13.77%. It should be noted that there is no temporary storage for about 20.29% of this waste. Reviewing the final disposal method indicates that about 28.66% of hazardous waste is discharged into the environment without any control.

Introduction & Discussion: Increasing knowledge about important factors of groundwater pollution caused due to anthropogenic activities i.e. human actions demands an understanding of the reality. Method: Hence, in this study, the researchers used factor analysis or principal component analysis to identify significant anthropogenic factors affecting the groundwater quality in two districts of West Bengal. Survey method was employed to gather primary data from the school students of the two districts. Cluster sampling method was used to identify the sample for the study. The factors identified in the research were an outcome of the perception of students having exposure to environmental education including field projects and lived experience in rural areas. Discussion & Result: The four factors were identified after data analysis 1. Human-Collective-Induced environmental Pollution 2. Government Negligence including Non-Eco friendly Agricultural Policy 3. Non-Eco Friendly daily human activities 4. Non-Environmental Friendly Sanitation arrangements by Local Bodies Conclusion: This study indicates the importance of positive intervention to reduce anthropogenic causes, at individual, community and government level. The study hints obliquely at lack of information and knowledge based positive practices in the area where the study was taken up. This problem is suggested to be redressed through communication intervention.

Nowadays, buildings are one of the most consuming sectors that cause excessive energy loss. The present applied research aimed to model the energy consumption pattern in conventional residential apartments in Lahijan city (Gilan province, Iran). Design Builder software was used to model four scenarios, including the current state, the use of a movable canopy, the use of photovoltaic panels, and the combined state. According to the results, the infiltration load coefficient was obtained to be 1778 W/K. The highest heat dissipation in cold seasons was related to the roof and glazing parts. The lighting state was within the standard range in 12%, more than the standard in 52% and less than the standard in 36% of the points. The shortcomings of the study buildings were significant from the energy point of view, so that the average heat transfer coefficients of the walls, windows and ceilings were 2.5, 1.7 and 2.2 times the standard value of Standard Topic 19 of the National Building Regulations, respectively. The total electricity consumption was 776,543 kilowatt-hours per year (kWh/year), and the panels were able to generate 14.87% of the required electricity (115,544 kWh/year). The use of smart movable canopy and photovoltaic panel led to energy savings of 18% and 17%, respectively. The simultaneous use of both would bring the amount of energy saving by 24%. To conclude, adopting purposeful and effective measures and training can lead to saving energy consumption and benefiting from clean energy in such buildings.

The International Olympic Committee emphasizes the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in sports realm. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the effective components of the green management in the context of Iranâs sports fabrics. The objective of this research is developmental and, in terms of methodology, it is descriptive-survey type, in which both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. Initially, the data was collected and categorized using theoretical basses, literature review, and high-level documents. Through an in-depth study and interviews with 26 experts in the field of sports and the country's environment, the factors affecting the sustainable development of the country's sports were identified. In order to prioritize the criteria, the fuzzy analytics hierarchical process (FAHP) was employed. The results showed that the data distribution was normal. Based on the research findings, 4 criteria and 21 sub-criteria were identified as effective components. The sociocultural criterion with a weight of 0.54884 had the highest degree of importance, followed by the environmental/health criterion with a weight of 0.29265 and approach-management with a weight of 0.10670. Economic criterion also had the lowest priority with a weight of 0.05222. In addition, the pairwise-fuzzy comparison of the sub-criteria indicated that the sub-criterion combating the social exclusion, with a weight of 0.229, held the highest significance, followed by the sub-criterion promoting activities by the youth, and improving their involvement in social life and sports authority institutions with a weight of 0.134. Meanwhile, the economic criterion had less important and it indicated that this parameter did not play a role as a deterrent in moving towards sustainable development. The results were aligned with the 21 Agenda of the Olympic Movement and the Rio Declaration. Finally, the main solution to make sustainable development special is to try to attract people and young people as well as participation in different social groups in sports activities. Also, sports facilities, equipment and facilities are among the other proposed solutions with environmental considerations in mind.

This research aims to design a model for managing urban floods in Tehran. For this purpose, DSPIR model and Delphi panel (consensus of 18 experts) were used. In order to achieve effective criteria and indices, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, and to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha method was used by SPSS, Version 21 software. Fuzzy AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method was used to determine the weights of criteria as well as classes of each criterion, and PLS (Partial Least Squares) method to fit the model. The results indicated that the model in connection with flood driving force in Tehran comprises 5 components and 16 dimensions. Evaluation of goodness for model fit shows that GFI is equal to 0.954, which is within the acceptable range. RMR is equal to 0.011, which is within the acceptable range. TLI, CFI and IFI are 0.931, 0.987 and 0.986, respectively, all of which are within acceptable ranges. CMIN/DF is equal to 4.255, and RMSEA is equal to 0.065, therefore, they are within acceptable ranges. In general, the results of model analysis and evaluation showed that the model has the accuracy needed to simulate urban runoff and this model can be used for urban flood management plans and design of urban flood drainage network in the studied area.

The purpose of this study was the environmental pollution risk assessment of urban underground public space development in Tehran (Iran). This applied research was conducted by survey and mixed methods in two phases: estimating risk potentials using Environmental Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (EFMEA), and Delphi Technique. The results identified 12 different environmental risks for the underground public space development. Among these, three risks showed high level, including sewage discharge (Risk Priority Number (RPN=504), inappropriate ventilation (RPN=567) and seismic hazard (RPN=640). Moreover, five cases were classified as medium level risks, including Construction waste accumulation of (RPN = 294), Land subsidence (RPN = 250), Municipal waste accumulation (RPN = 441), Non-renewable energy consumption (RPN = 256) and Thermal pollution (RPN = 210). In addition, three items were among high-level risks, including Sewage discharge (RPN = 504), Inappropriate ventilation (RPN = 567) and Seismic hazard (RPN = 640). The development of urban underground public space in Tehran can be a solution to improve the level of services and urban per capita, which is a great help in the urban management of a metropolis like Tehran. Meanwhile, it is important to pay attention to the environmental, health and safety polices.

This study aimed to identify and prioritize effective methods to increase public education and participation in household waste management in Tehran (capital of Iran) as a pilot city. First, baseline data were gathered through a library research process, and then 33 waste management experts were employed as a panel to complete a researcher-made questionnaire on a Likert scale. Statistical tests and factor analysis were used to analyze the data and determine the relationships between the components. According to the results, among the determined 27 items of identifying and developing educational approaches for public participation in waste management, the item "environmental literacy" ranked first with an average score of 4.52, and the item "individual training" ranked lowest with an average score of 3.91. The final model includes five levels of factors influencing environmental education and promoting public participation. Normed Fit Index (NFI=0.96), Relative Fit Index (RFI=0.96), and Comparative Fit Index (CFI=0.98) indicated that the proposed model had a good fit. The Goodness of Fit Index (GFI=0.91) and the Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI=0.89) also confirmed the goodness of fit of the model. Effective municipal waste management requires active participation of citizens, which can be achieved by providing environmental education.