This current study seeks to investigate the policy implication of Turkey’s recent energy policies on its sustainable development. This study uses Turkey’s country-specific data and series of 1974 to 2018 for effective investigation and justification of the findings of this study with emphasis on both short-run and long-run implications. Three models were fitted to achieve study objectives to accommodate both environmental sustainability and economic impacts. Ecological footprint was considered better measure and used as proxy for the environment related model. In summary, with environment models, the selected series (per capita GDP, industrialization, agriculture, coal as a single energy use, and mixed energy use) except per capita GDP² were found positively and significantly related to ecological footprint in both short run and long run which translates to poor performance of Turkey’s environment. Also, using economic growth model, the selected series (industrialization, energy use, and agriculture) were all confirmed positively and significantly related to the economic growth (per capita GDP). Additionally, environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) was established for Turkey’s environment and economic performance. Furthermore, using Granger causality as robust check to these findings, a nexus was found among the series confirming the validity of the cointegration (short- and long-run policies) estimations and results. In congruence with literature and hypotheses, the results from cointegration estimation shows that the twin polices may be good to the economic performance but will spark off adverse effect on environment.

China Tarim River Basin is located in an arid area, whose rapid socioeconomic development intensifies the current water resources shortage. To allocate water resources reasonably, this paper introduces the bankruptcy theory into the cooperative game model to contract a linear function describing the degree of satisfaction of each region’s declared water demand. Bankruptcy theory solves the problem of insufficient information about stakeholders in the cooperative game. From the perspective of the cooperative game’s stability, the bankruptcy allocation stability index (BASI) is used to evaluate and compare water resource allocation results in the Tarim River Basin in 2025 and 2030 under different scenarios. Moreover, this paper uses the improved TOPSIS model to build the harmony index of water-economy-environment (HWEE) to evaluate the harmony of water resources, economy, and environment in each region. The results show that the model is more suitable for the actual water allocation game and has a good application value than the classical bankruptcy theory. Moreover, the stability index and HWEE proposed in this paper also have better applicability, and the allocation scheme with the same game weight in each region is more stable.

For humankind to sustain a livable atmosphere on the planet, many countries have committed to achieving carbon neutralization. Countries mainly reduce carbon emissions by regulations through a carbon tax or by establishing a carbon market using economic stimuli. In this paper, we use the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method to select the key determinants of a carbon market and then use the Markov switching vector autoregression (MSVAR) model to study the market’s driving factors and analyze its time-varying characteristics. The results show that there are perceptible time-varying characteristics and notable differences among markets. During COVID-19, energy factors had a long-term shock on the carbon market, economic factors had a short-term shock on the carbon market, and the economic recession has led to fluctuations in the carbon market. In addition, through MSVAR, the results show that the energy market has a negative effect on the carbon market, and the stock market has a positive effect on the carbon market. In periods of low volatility, compared with the natural gas market and coal market, the oil market has a stronger shock on the carbon market. In periods of high volatility, the coal market has a stronger shock on the carbon market. In terms of emission reduction, countries around the world would be wise to change their energy consumption structure, reduce coal use, and shift to a cleaner energy consumption structure.

Environmental sustainability has become one of the most common phrases in discussions about climate change. This study examines the impact of clean energy investment and financial development on environmental sustainability and China’s economic growth, using manufacturing value-added and urbanization as moderator variables from 1970 to 2016. We used advanced econometric methodologies for empirical estimations, used structural break unit root tests, fully modified least square, dynamic least square, and robust least square multiple regressions for long-run estimates. Overall, the results determine that clean energy investment is negatively associated with CO₂ emissions and ecological footprint while positively associated with China’s economic growth. Financial development, manufacturing value-added, and urbanization are positively associated with CO₂ emissions, ecological footprint, and China’s economic growth. Moreover, clean energy investment improves environmental sustainability at the expense of economic growth. Financial development, manufacturing value-added, and urbanization encourage economic growth at the expense of environmental sustainability. We argued that the local governments play a critical role in lifting the outstanding barriers to cleaner energy investment, addressing disincentives, including pricing carbon dioxide emissions, reforming inefficient nonrenewable fossil fuel subsidies, and addressing regulatory and market rigidities that can undesirably affect the attractiveness of clean energy investment. Policymakers are suggested to encourage green finance strategy for the financial sector to broader sustainable development objectives. At the heart of green manufacturing, industrialization policies are needed to integrate diverse intentions, like inclusive growth, environmental protection, and productivity through a wider range of economic, social, and environmental policy frameworks suitable for decoupling growth from social and environmental unsustainability.

Previous studies have reported regional variations in the relationship between ambient temperature and dermatitis, which therefore remain inconclusive. This study aimed to understand the short-term effects of ambient temperature in outpatients with dermatitis in Xinxiang. Routine data of dermatitis outpatient visits between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018 were acquired from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University. A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) in combination with a generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to investigate the acute impact of ambient temperature on dermatitis outpatients. Two stratified analyses based on age and sex were conducted to explore their potential modification effects. A total of 18,064 dermatitis outpatient records were retrieved during the study period. The relationship between ambient temperature and dermatitis outpatients was found to be nonlinear; exposure-response curves were approximately “J” shaped. The risk of dermatitis outpatient increased with a corresponding elevation in temperature from 11.5 to 27.5°C. However, the significance was lost when the temperature exceeded the given range. Stratified analysis demonstrated higher sensitivity to temperature in females than in males, and the young groups (<15 years) might be sensitive to heat temperature. This study provides first-hand epidemiological evidence demonstrating a higher risk of dermatitis outpatient visits associated with moderately higher temperatures. The outcomes of this study create awareness among citizens to take the necessary precautions to prevent the adverse effects of moderate heat temperature during early summer and autumn seasons.

Solar air heater (SAH) is simple and the greatest effective approach to utilize and convert solar energy into thermal energy for heating utilizations. The employment of artificial roughness under side of the observer surface is the key technique for augmenting heat transfer with minimal friction factor penalty. Current paper summarized different kinds of artificial roughness used in SAH, which augments its performance. In this review article, 96 research papers are cited, which provide detailed information about the effect of different geometrical parameters on heat transfer and friction factor. This paper also brings the information about the optimum roughness parameters and heat transfer and friction factor correlation developed by different investigators in tabular form. Optimum roughness parameters and empirical correlations are used for comparative analysis of heat transfer, friction factor, and thermo-hydraulic performance parameter (THPP) of different roughness geometries. The best performing roughness geometry is reported on the basis of comparative analysis. Mathematical model is developed for predicting the thermal efficiency (ηₜₕ) of roughened SAH duct.

Microplastics are frequently detected in wastewater treatment plants, but the knowledge of their effects on microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) is still unknown. This study investigated the performance and adaptive response of MBGS exposed in municipal wastewater in the presence of polystyrene (PS) microplastic particles with different sizes (i.e., 100 nm, 5 μm, and 10 μm). Results indicated that the average removal efficiency of influent organics, ammonia, and phosphorus by MBGS process was stable at above 85%, showing insignificant difference between three sizes of microplastic particles. The community richness of MBGS was reduced by nano-sized (i.e., 100 nm) and micro-sized (i.e., 5 μm) PS microplastic particles, while the community diversity decreased in all types. Although filamentous cyanobacteria were broken by PS microplastic particles, the performance of MBGS process was insignificantly affected due to the stimulated extracellular polymeric substances, which could act as adaptive responses and protect MBGS from stress damage. This study proves that MBGS process can be operated in the presence of prevalent PS microplastic particles.

Fine particulate matter organic extract (Po) was reported to promote inflammation in the lung. Sex differences were reported in many inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of Po exposure on pulmonary inflammatory response and evaluated the role of sex in this process. While mice were exposed to 100 µg/m³ Po for 12 weeks by an inhalation exposure system, the lung histopathological analysis shown obvious inflammation, the cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly increased, and most inflammatory cytokines in BALF were upregulated. The results of factorial analysis of variance shown that there was an interaction between sex and Po exposure in the inflammatory cell numbers and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and growth-related oncogene/keratinocyte chemoattractant (GRO/KC). Notably, these changes and interactions were diminished while Po-exposed mice were administered with the estrogen receptor β (ERβ) antagonist. We speculated that sex might affect the levels of inflammatory indicators in BALF of Po-exposed mice and female mice were more prone to inflammation while exposed to Po. Moreover, ERβ was involved in these processes. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation about the role of sex in Po-induced adverse effects.

Industrialization and the rise in population have led to the larger utilization of resources which has become the supreme risk for the environment. Different types of pollutants enter the aquatic environment from various sources which create a threat for the aquatic organisms and humans. Many separation techniques like precipitation, adsorption, reactive distillation, ion exchange, electro dialysis, solvent extraction, and ultrafiltration are available, but these techniques have various limitations like the use of excessive and expensive chemicals, high energy requirement, sludge formation, requirement of utilities in large amount and so. The green emulsion liquid membrane (GELM) is an emerging and promising method that incorporates the traits of ELM for the removal of various pollutants, metal ions, acids, and so on. In the present scenario, much focus has been diverted towards the use of green solvents derived from vegetable and plant origin. These solvents are environmentally friendly and economically viable making the ELM process more reliable. The traditionally used petroleum-based solvents for ELM formation are expensive, toxic, volatile in nature, and are detrimental to the environment. The present study tries to address the recent advancement in the field of GELM. The different factors like concentration of surfactant, carrier, types of diluents, effect of volume ratio of external feed phase to emulsion, agitation speed, effect of internal aqueous phase concentration, and emulsification time play a substantial role in the removal of several pollutants from the aqueous streams through GELM have been discussed in detail. The statistical analysis of the operating variables as executed by different investigators is also mentioned.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) information can now be disseminated via social networking sites. An organization’s image and upcoming portfolios are directly affected by electronic word of mouth (eWOM). It generates from its customers, employees, and other stakeholders. We developed a critical model to enlighten the behavior to share and comment on a negative news story about CSR displayed on Wechat and QQ to figure out what was causing this behavior. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and the partial least squares regression (PLS) approach were used to conduct a self-administered survey of hotel customers in China. Social and environmental awareness, information usefulness, corporate image, and a company’s motivation to comment and share on CSR news were all considered explanatory variables in our study. We asked 300 Wechat and QQ users to rate a fake environmental news story. We found that social and environmental awareness affects the effectiveness of information and the attitude toward behavior, which may describe the eWOM intent of the particular news. On the other hand, corporate reputation could discourage people from disseminating eWOM and sharing the news with their social linkage contacts. The findings of the study suggest having a better understanding of how specific CSR activities can increase customers’ commitment, which leads to positive eWOM, will benefit the hotel industry.