The transportation industry is the fundamental and strategic industry for social and economic development. However, this industry becomes a considerable barrier against green, sound, and sustainable economic and social development due to the rapid increase in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. Transportation industry becomes one of weakness of energy saving and emission reduction with its increasing energy consumption and carbon emission. Environmental pollution caused by the transportation industry can be relieved effectively by increasing energy efficiency. A case study based on Jilin Province, China is carried out. First, environmental pollution types caused by regional transportation industry are analysed. Second, energy efficiency of transportation industry in eight prefecture-level cities in Jilin Province from 2011 to 2017 is determined using the DEA-Malmquist index. Finally, measures to control environmental pollution caused by the transportation industry are proposed. Results show that in Jilin Province, environmental pollution caused by the transportation industry manifests through increasing energy consumption, pollution from car exhaust, and degree of traffic jams. In its eight prefecture-level cities, the average energy efficiency change index of transportation industry is 1.054, which is higher than 1. The means of technological efficiency and progress are 0.973 and 1.084, respectively. The mean pure technological efficiency of energy use slightly increases, while the mean scale efficiency decreases significantly. Results can provide beneficial references for full understanding on energy consumption and environmental emission of transportation industry in Jilin Province. This understanding can lead to the exploration of scientific and reasonable energy-saving and emission-reduction ways and countermeasures, aiming to offer decision-making references for energy saving and emission reduction of the transportation industry in Jilin Province.

Online UV-Vis spectrophotometer technology as accurate, convenient and fast monitoring method was used to detect instantaneous dye concentration in aqueous medium. Ferrous ion coupling with Persulphate to degrade methylene blue (MB) exhibited a very high degradation rate, and therefore online UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed great advantage in this study. The effects of ferrous ion concentration, sodium Persulphate concentration, pH value and initial MB concentration on MB degradation were investigated. The online spectrophotometer could minimize the systematic error caused by the termination of adding chemicals and manual operation. At room temperature, the optimal condition was acquired with 73.6% MB removal after 100s at neutral medium when initial ferrous dosage and sodium Persulphate were 1.25 mmol/L and 0.2 mmol/L, respectively. Fe2+/S2O8 2- system exhibited a great degradation efficiency in acidic or neutral environment.

Mycoremediation, involving the use of fungus for bioremediation, is one of the promising cost-effective methods for cleaning up the carcinogenic and mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in the environment. The present study deals with the isolation of white rot fungus from Chhattisgarh forest, India followed by identification based on ITS sequencing. Identification revealed MP 5 closely related to Pleurotus ostreatus isolate 6689 with 99% sequence similarity. Comparative primary screening assay of both the wild isolate and reference strain of Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC 1804 was performed by measuring the growth diameter of mycelia on minimal salt media enriched with 2% used engine oil (v/v). The fungal isolate MP 5 showed highest average growth rate. Confirmatory test was conducted via orbital shaking method and spectroscopic study was carried out at 600 nm which displayed degradation within 7 days and percentage of degradation was calculated. Level of degradation was 69.7 ± 0.351% and 64.7 ± 1.153% respectively for Pleurotus ostreatus MP 5 and Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC 1804. Degradation potential of both the isolates was evaluated in terms of chemical characterization via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) which revealed bands formation based on the presence of different functional groups indicating oxidative degradation of hydrocarbons.

The rapid development of information technology has promoted the transformation of the manufacturing industry and the upgrading of Chinese intelligent manufacturing enterprises. Environmental protection and enterprise benefits have become the pursuit target. To explore the impact of environmental investment on the performance of intelligent manufacturing enterprises, an evaluation index system from the four dimensions of debt paying, operation, profitability, and growth ability was constructed. Then, factor analysis method was used to analyse the index data of 33 intelligent manufacturing enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta in 2018, and a multiple regression model was constructed to analyse the impact of environmental investment on enterprise performance. Results show a significant difference in the performance of intelligent manufacturing enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta and a positive correlation between environmental investment and enterprise performance. Finally, specific optimization measures are given to help the managers of intelligent manufacturing enterprises make scientific and reasonable decisions.

In the present investigation, the efficiency of rice husk in removal of nickel and iron from metal injection moulding industry effluent has been investigated. Adsorption was carried out in a batch experiment to investigate the parameters such as initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and contact time, under constant shaking of 100 mL sample in a heavy rotatory shaking apparatus for 2 hours. Analysis of physico-chemical characteristics of effluent was also carried out. The results revealed that maximum adsorption capacity of rice husk was about 92.84% for nickel using 8 g and about 90.12% for iron using 9 g at pH 9. Due to its good uptake capacity, rice husk has proved to be an excellent low-cost adsorbent for removing nickel and iron from effluent. The result showed that the percentage removal of nickel was high compared to iron.

Air pollution is becoming a major environmental and public health problem worldwide. Exposure to different air pollutants has several adverse effects on human health. In the present study, we attempt to determine the concentration of respirable suspended particulate matters (RSPMs) and levels of the heavy metals in ambient air of Dehradun city. The RSPM concentration of all the areas under study were well under the NAAQ standard limit. The Ghantaghar area reported the maximum RSPMs of 87.5507 ?g.m-3. The samples collected from four different locations of Dehradun were primarily analysed for heavy metals like Pb, Fe, Cr and Cd using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The measured concentrations were compared with the standard safe limits provided by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). It is seen that all the heavy metals, as well as the RSPM, are well under permissible safe limits set by USEPA, OSHA, and CPCB. It can, therefore, be concluded that the ambient air quality of Dehradun, in terms of heavy metal contamination as well as RSPM concentration in air is safe. Strict monitoring of heavy metal emissions in air should be done regularly to maintain the ambient air of Dehradun area as healthy.

With the rapid development of China’s economy, environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious in recent years. The environmental governance model of “who pollutes, who governs” is that polluters handle pollutants following relevant laws and regulations under government supervision. Practice shows that this governance model has little effect. The pressure of social groups plays an important role in promoting compliance with laws and regulations and reducing corporate emissions. To improve the government’s control of environmental pollution, third-party organizations as binding parties, mainly referring to the public, civil organizations, and the news media were introduced; a game model with government, sewage companies, and third-party organizations as participants was built. The results show that countermeasures against government environmental pollution are constrained third parties and effectively restrict the environmental pollution behaviour of sewage companies. This scenario alleviates the problem of information asymmetry between government and enterprises, reduces the cost of government supervision, and helps strengthen the governance of environmental pollution issues.

Due to mining, industrial wastewater discharge and agricultural fertilization and other human activities, heavy metal cadmium pollution in water bodies has become increasingly prominent. In this study, the sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron was prepared by the method of liquid-phase reduction. The removal behaviour of Cd(II) ion in aqueous solution and the effect of pH in solution on its removal rate were investigated. The synthesized materials before and after the adsorption reaction were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Zeta potential tester. The removal mechanism of Cd(II) ion in solution was explored in details. The results showed that the S-nZVI particles present a polymeric sheet. They contained Fe0, Fe3O4 and FeS. The removal rate of Cd(II) ion by the S-nZVI particles is higher than the nZVI particles. The reaction mechanism for S-nZVI particles to remove Cd(II) ion is that Cd(II) ion replaces Fe in FeS and then combines with S to form stable CdS compound. S has a significant effect on the oxidation process of iron.

The adsorption of malachite green in aqueous solution onto rice wine lees was carried out in detail. The effects of different rice wine lees dosage, solution pH and initial concentration on the adsorption of malachite green by rice wine lees were studied. The experimental results showed that the removal rate of malachite green increases with the increasing dosage of rice wine lees. When the dosage of rice wine lees is 5 g/L, the removal rate within 30 min is 96.22%. At the same time, the removal rate increases as the pH of the solution increases, and the removal rate is higher in an alkaline environment. The kinetic study was performed by the pseudo-first-order and the pseudo-second-order reactions. According to the experimental data, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model better described the adsorption of dye onto rice wine lees, it implies that the predominant process is chemisorption. Besides, the adsorption isotherms were studied by Langmuir model, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The results indicated that the adsorption followed the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 21.505 mg/g. The dye malachite green adsorption onto rice wine lees was monolayer adsorption.

Evaporation (Ea) is a key component of the hydrological cycle. Under the impact of global change, Ea has changed significantly, both globally and regionally. A number of methods have been developed to estimate Ea and its trends. Among them, methods based on the complementary principle of Bouchet estimate Ea using only routine meteorological data as inputs and greatly simplify the Ea estimation. In this study, a new nonlinear formulation of this principle was tested for estimating Ea trends in 6 major river basins of China. The results indicate that the estimated annual Ea trends were in good agreement with that obtained from the water balance approach with the relative errors ranging from -12.0 to 11.2%. In addition, in two humid basins of this study, decreasing Ea trends were estimated from decreasing potential evaporation, although the nonlinear formulation is based on the complementary principle between Ea and potential evaporation. One advantage of the method is that only routine meteorological data are required as inputs and that it can be used to estimate Ea trends, wherever such data are available.