The land is the material basis for human survival, and the contradiction between people and land has become increasingly prominent. The land ecological problem has gradually become a hot spot of concern. It is imperative to make a scientific evaluation of the land ecological quality and propose reasonable and feasible improvement measures and recommendations. At present, domestic research on environmental cost and environmental cost degradation mostly focuses on theoretical discussion, and there are few applications and practical research on enterprise environmental cost management. Based on the principle of protecting the ecological environment, this paper creates an ecological service assessment model to assess the real economic cost of land use development projects. From small community projects to large-scale national projects, because environmental costs are difficult to estimate, this paper uses the recovery cost method and the preventive expenditure method to quantify environmental costs. The cost of environmental degradation mainly comes from water pollution and air pollution. This paper uses the pollution function method to quantify the cost of environmental degradation. The InVEST model is used to evaluate the value of ecosystem services, and the BP neural network method is used to optimize the ecosystem service model, and the sensitivity analysis of the data is used to feedback the impact of the project on ecosystem services. The ecosystem service model based on neural network optimization makes the accuracy of data measurement results reaching 99.7%, which makes the model having a good generalization. Taking a paper mill as an example, this paper evaluates environmental costs by resource consumption cost, environmental degradation value and environmental governance cost, and estimates environmental degradation costs by major environmental governance costs. Finally, the environmental cost and environmental degradation cost are integrated, and the ecosystem service model is established. The neural network model was established in the Matlab environment based on the InVEST model, and the model simulation results of the ecosystem service system were obtained. Compared with the InVEST results, the results of this paper have better authenticity and market utilization value. Although a paper mill was used as an example, the system was evaluated and the evaluation results were analysed. Compared with the actual situation, there is a certain reliability. However, due to the limited data, the number of verifications is insufficient for the system. It is hoped that more data can be verified later to ensure its reliability.

In this paper, polymeric membranes were prepared by uniformly dispersing the cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone particles in a polyvinyl chloride matrix for resolving the demand for azeotropic mixture separations. The polymeric membranes were characterized using SEM, FTIR and XRD analysis. The results show that the blending of cellulose acetate and plasticizer diethyl phthalate significantly improved the separation performance of the membranes. The selectivity was increased by adding cellulose acetate up to 2% wt and polyethylene glycol 1% wt. Pervaporation setup was used to separate azeotropic mixture using the prepared membrane. The optimum results were obtained for dehydration of alcohol where the composition plasticizer was 0.5% wt. Based on the findings of the research, it was observed that the PVC membrane can be modified with CA and PEG due to their hydrophobic nature. The results show that the synthesized membrane can be used for removal of water from alcohol.

China is rich in mineral resources with many points and broad faces in metal and nonmetal mines. However, numerous goafs are formed due to backward mining technology, low intensification degree, incomplete safety precautions, and the excessive exploitation of mineral resources, thus leading to severe environmental disruption. Accidents, like goaf collapse, are major geological disasters in mine production, and goaf stability evaluation is of great importance for reducing natural disasters in goafs and implementing environmental protection. The hazard types of environmental disruption caused by mine goafs were first analyzed in this study. Then, an influence factor index system of goaf stability was established, and a case study of a mine goaf in Henan Province was conducted using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. Results show that the hazards of environmental disruption in mine goafs are manifested in the structural failure of surrounding buildings, massive water and soil loss, the exhaustion of water resources, the degradation of soil quality, and the remarkable reduction of overlying animals and plants. Technical factors exert the maximum influence on underground goaf stability with the total weight value reaching 72.42%, and the influence weight of goaf span on goaf stability reaches 21.43%, followed by goaf area and pillar distribution with influence weights of 18.58% and 11.17%, respectively. Through fuzzy AHP-based comprehensive evaluation and calculation, the goaf stability of the Henan Sandaozhuang open-pit mine in the case study belongs to grade (ordinary), that is, the goaf stability is in the ordinary state, and the evaluation result reflects the reality. The study results have improved the reasonable stability and safety management scheme for complex multi-layer goaf and solved complex goaf hazards faced by Gaofeng mining area, so they will be of general significance for the environmental governance of other underground mine goafs.

Based on the field research data of 424 large-scale pig farmers in Zhejiang Province, this paper takes the biogas fermentation as the main adoption behaviour of pollution treatment, and make the quantitative analysis on the biogas investment intention and its influencing factors on large-scale pig farmers under the emission trading system. The research shows that the emission trading system can encourage large-scale pig farmers to adopt biogas fermentation to deal with pollution and make environmental protection investment for waste resources utilization, which mainly depends on the pig breeding scale, the biogas digesters purchased or not, the benefit evaluation of biogas fermentation and the biogas fermentation technology service existed or not, rather than environmental awareness. Therefore, it is feasible to introduce the emission trading system into the agricultural non-point source pollution control with pig breeding pollution as the typical example. For the pig breeding industry, emission trading can be transformed from the traditional redistribution of environmental capacity to the redistribution of production scale.

Geological environment is a resource base, environmental base, and engineering base for human socioeconomic activities. The main function of the geological environment is to provide stable and safe living space and essential resources for the existence and development of human society. However, geological environmental problems become increasingly prominent in some provinces in China due to fragility of the geological environment, uneven population distribution, backward economic development, and massive construction projects. The function of geological environments in some provinces to support sustainable economic and social development is evidently insufficient, and the threshold values of their geological environmental bearing capacity nearly reach the upper limit. For example, Henan Province, China, an evaluation index system for geological environmental bearing capacity, was established from three aspects, as follows: natural hazard, geological disaster, and disaster control. The weights of evaluation indexes were calculated using the variation coefficient method. Finally, the geological environmental bearing capacity of Henan Province during 2010-2018 was measured through the comprehensive evaluation method. Results showed that the constructed evaluation index system for geological environmental bearing capacity, which consisted of 34 indexes, was scientific and reasonable. During 2010-2018, the geological environmental bearing capacity of Henan Province was superior or excellent. Geological environmental bearing capacity can be improved by reinforcing the construction of legal rules and laws for geological environmental protection, carrying out research work regarding geological environmental bearing capacity, launching geological environmental monitoring and early warning system construction, and implementing feasibility demonstration for the geological environment of major construction projects. The study results can provide practical guidance and reference to realize the predictive analysis of geological environmental bearing capacity and coordinate human socioeconomic activities and geological environment.

The study aims to understand the influence of pollinator visitation rate to coffee plantations located along the riparian zones of river Cauvery in Karnataka, using distance as a criterion. Plots were fixed at 10 m, 30 m and 60 m points from the edge of riparian zone towards the coffee plantations. In each of these three points, five plants were selected. In each plant, four branches with approximately six inflorescences per branch were observed for 15 minutes and the visitation rate of selected floral visitors to Coffea canephora was recorded. To understand if a riparian zone was a suitable pollinator habitat, bee colonies in the riparian zone were identified through a transect of approximately 500 m adjacent to the study plot. The total number of bee visits for Apis dorsata, Apis cerana, Tetragonula iridipennis and Apis florea was 18,100 for an observation time of 9540 minutes. A. dorsata and A. cerana were the main contributors to the total number of visits. The visitation rate of pollinators, A. cerana and A. dorsata decreased with increase in distance from the riparian zone. Additionally, colonies of A. cerana and A. dorsata were found in the riparian zones indicating riparian zones as potential pollinator habitats. A negative relationship has been observed between total species visits and distance indicating a reduction in species visits with increased distance from the riparian zone. Conservation of riparian zones increases pollination service to adjacent coffee plantations along with a multitude of other ecosystem services.

Crop protective agents (CPAs) are prime requisite for protecting crops from pests and diseases. CPAs are used at different stages of the crop from the seed sowing to harvesting. Seeds are treated with different fungicides as a prophylactic measure against pre-emergence diseases and during seed germination stage different protective agents are applied to safeguard young seedlings from pests. To find out the effect of crop protective agents on seed germination and seedling growth in chilli (Capsicum annum L.) an in-vitro study was conducted using Ethion (1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0mL/L), Triazophos (0.625, 1.25, 1.875 and 2.5mL/L), Flubendiamide (0.15, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6mL/L), Emamectin Benzoate (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g/L) and Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin (0.625, 1.25, 1.875 and 2.5 g/L) against control (distilled water). Correlation study revealed that seedling growth was positively affected by Flubendiamide (r = 0.287), neutral by Emamectin Benzoate (r = 0.012), while retarded growth was observed in Ethion (r = -0.584), Trizophos (r = -0.473) and Tebuconazole+ Trifloxystrobin (r = -0.331) chemicals compared to control. From the statistical analysis, it was found that chilli seed germination was not affected at the tested concentration levels of crop protective agents. Seedling shoot length was significantly (P = 0.05) reduced in Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin (1.763cm) and Ethion (3.175cm) compared to control (5.088cm). Seedling shoot length was not significantly affected by Emamectin Benzoate and Triazophos, while it was significantly increased in [email protected]/L (5.88cm) compared to control (5.088cm). Seedlings in Flubendiamide and Emamectin Benzoate produced significantly (P=0.05) longer roots of 7.488cm and 7.688cm respectively, while seedlings in Ethion, Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin and Triazophos produced shorter roots (4.00, 4.45 and 4.6cm respectively) compared to control (6.363cm). Rotten seed per cent on 15th day was significantly (P=0.05) lower in Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin and Triazophos (5.61 and 11.73%) compared to control (22.45%).

The current research is set in the context of the impact of climate change at the regional level, particularly focused on seasonal variations and their influence on the physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater in the rural and urban areas of coastal Sahel of Doukkala. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the quality to explain the phenomena at the origin of the mineralization of groundwater. Two measurement campaigns of sampling were carried out on 30 wells, in 2016 and 2018 (dry and wet season). The water points were piezometrically surveyed. In situ, the same water points were measured for temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity, using a multiparameter conductivity meter and a pH meter. The chemical analysis was carried out at the Laboratory of Geosciences and Environmental Technics using volumetry (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- and HCO3 -) and spectrophotometry methods (SO4 2-, Na+ and K+); total dissolved solids (TDS) were computed by multiplying the EC by a factor (0.55 to 0.75), depending on relative concentrations of ions. Total hardness (TH) was calculated by taking the differential value between Mg2+ and Ca2+. For the reliability of the results obtained, we proceeded to the application of the ionic balance. The obtained water quality data was subjected to multivariate statistical techniques to evaluate homogeneity and heterogeneity between sampling water and to differentiate water quality variables for temporal variations.The elements are all significantly different among seasons. The dry season was positively associated with EC, TDS, Cl-, Na+, SO4 2- and K+ and negatively associated with temperature, and pH. The wet season was in contrast associated with high values of NO3 - and pH. These results show that the majority of well water in the study area represents strong mineralization that far exceeds standards, especially during the dry period, with an average EC of 416.04 ?S/cm, while the wet season is lower at 382.6 ?S/cm. The hydrochemical classification of water from the Piper diagram revealed only one hydro facies, which is the chlorinated sodium facies. In conclusion, the variability of groundwater quality could be explained by the fact that in the dry season, there is concentration and in the wet season, there is ionic dilution and may also reflect the effect of anthropogenic activity.

With the continuous emergence of environmental problems in recent years, governments of various countries attach great importance to the application of key core technologies such as energy conservation and efficiency, low carbon environmental protection, resource recovery and recycling. The implementation of environmental management concepts is emphasized such as clean production and energy efficiency. As a result, the environmental governance industry has achieved rapid development. However, under the impact of COVID-19, the operation and development of environmental governance industry may be restricted. To explore COVID-19 influence on the operating performance of China’s environmental governance industry, Dongzhu Ecological Environment was selected as the research object, and the operation performance of Dongzhu Ecological Environment was analyzed by using the factor analysis method. The results show that the operating performance of Dongzhu Ecological Environment gets up a lot, with the rise of the whole industry due to the epidemic. Additionally, some management implications were put forward that adopted by the environmental governance industry to better promote the coordinated development of economy, society and environment.

In this project, the study of soil characteristics due to the municipal solid waste was carried out in a selected location around the recently closed Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) dumpsite located opposite to Periya Eri in Chromepet, Chennai. Soil samples were collected from the selected location, i.e. 2 sites within 1500m from the dumpsite and another 2 sites beyond 1500m from the dump yard. Total 12 soil samples from 4 sites were collected from a ground depth of 0-30cm, 30-60cm and 60-90cm below the surface. The collected soil samples have been analyzed for pH, moisture, total organic matter, ash content, total organic carbon, specific gravity, conductivity and bulk density and the result were compared with the standards. The study suggested, providing Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) around the solid waste dump site/landfill for reducing the leachate concentration before entering to the soil and thus soil contamination can be minimized to some extent and this technology is cost-effective and eco-friendly since the materials used in the barriers are locally available and low-cost which is sustainable and protect human health, nature and the environment. This study indicated that soil properties did not reach high pollution levels, and therefore posed a low eco-risk potential in surface soil near the landfill.