Groundwater of Serbia is strategic natural resource which provides drinking water for about 75-80% of population. This resource is however not properly utilized and protected from pollution in accordance to its importance. Accepting to achieve the targets of EU Water Frame Directive, Serbia is in fact confirms the aim to better explore and protect the groundwater. The paper describes different activities planned under the project prepared in 2006 by the experts from leading Serbian institutions in water sector and in geology. Implementing this project until 2011 could create an ambience for future more sustainable exploitation and protection of the groundwater.

Research of phytoplankton is conducted in different seasons during 2004 and 2005. River Bojana and Ada Bojana are analyzed on several locations. The objective of research is based on algae as reliable indicator of water quality and ecological condition of water. We would like to show the need for protection of these water ecosystems from permanent contamination, basically sewage waste. Saprobiotic index is determined by Gulyas Pal method. Pantle Buck method is used to calculate saprobiotic level. Chlorophyll A is analyzed by spectrophotometer. Presence of Cyanophytae was established.

During the research of the flora of the river Moravica methodology of ass. Scirpo-Phragmitetum, Koch 1926, subass. typhetosum latifoliae, Pignotti 1953, with differential typa Typha latifolia with related marshy plants was applied. The community is developed as small units in the lower flow of the river Moravica (the part flowing through the town Aleksinac), where the anthropogenic influences are significant due to the empting of the sewage and industrial polluted waters of the town Aleksinac. Many diffuse forms of pollution are also present, particularly in the form of illegal dumps. Waste waters represent serious load on the recipient river and influence qualitative and quantitative content of the phytocenosis. Ecological index of the community shows change in water quality and presence of organic substances (above all nitrogen compounds) in the water and the riverbed ass. Scirpo-Phragmitetum, Koch 1926, subass. typhetosum latifoliae, Pignotti 1953, which indicates the riverbed loaded with organic substances (mezotrophic plants, N=3.50)

In this paper the results of preliminary microbiological investigations of the canal Nadela water quality, done in order to determine level of pollution, are presented. Bacteriological analysis included the monitoring of quantitative composition of the organotrophs, presence of some physiological groups of bacteria and total number and fecal coliforms. Beside of that, level of water phosphatase activity and chlorophyll a concentration as important parameters of waterstate, were determined. Obtained results indicated low quality of the canal Nadela water and overload by organic matter, that cleary reflected negative influence of pollutants presents in that area.

Global expansion and intensification of industrialized agriculture during the last 50 years was facilitated by the replacement of labor by imported chemicals and energy, thus changing the economics and the social fabric of rural communities as well as impairing water, air, and soil resources essential to sustaining food and fiber production in a world with an increasing appetite. To effectively understand and solve complex problems resulting from this agricultural revolution, expanded communications are needed at a variety of levels. It is critical for the technical community to communicate through greater interdisciplinary research among agronomists, soil scientists, hydrologists, ecologists, and others to reduce diffuse pollution from agriculture. Also, more effective translations of technical problems and solutions are needed to influence policy. Accurate advice is needed in spite of the uncertainties that scientists too often use to obscure useful information. Education will be needed for producers and conservationists to gain confidence that promised environmental responses will occur if solutions are to be implemented at more than experimental or demonstration scales. The search for comprehensive solutions to environmental degradation will require understanding the ultimate causes of pollution, not just the proximal causes. The ultimate causes will only be found by examining the systems that facilitate the release of contaminants to the environment such as the wholesale landscape changes that replaced grazing land with annual crops leading to increased leaching and runoff. Research and demonstration projects increasingly need collaborations among agronomists, livestock scientists, soil scientists, hydrologists, economists, sociologists and others who have a stake in the study of diffuse pollution and the outcomes of any proposed solutions. Partnerships developed at the working level where basic principles can be shared will help avoid the pursuit of impractical solutions when viewed from different perspectives.