خيارات البحث
النتائج 71 - 80 من 680
Effects of the sea lice chemotherapeutant, emamectin benzoate, on metabolism and behaviour of the sea-pen Pennatula phosphorea | Effects of the sea lice chemotherapeutant, emamectin benzoate, on metabolism and behaviour of the sea-pen Pennatula phosphorea النص الكامل
2024
Taormina, Bastien | Lux, Rosa Helena Escobar | Legrand, Erwann | Parsons, Aoife Elizabeth | Kutti, Tina | Husa, Vivian | Hannisdal, Rita | Samuelsen, Ole | Agnalt, Ann-Lisbeth
Chemotherapeutants used to control infestations by sea lice can be released into the marine environment surrounding aquaculture farms. Among these therapeutic agents, emamectin benzoate is extensively utilized even though its impact on non-target taxa has not been thoroughly examined. In this context, we explored the effects of emamectin benzoate on a common Norwegian habitat-forming species: the phosphorescent sea-pen Pennatula phosphorea. Specifically, we examined P. phosphorea metabolic and responses before, during and after exposure to emamectin benzoate. Results indicate that an 8-day emamectin benzoate exposure (0.8 mg/L) did not induce P. phosphorea mortality or significant behavioural or metabolic modifications. However, we highlighted the presence and persistence of emamectin benzoate in exposed P. phosphorea tissue. These results indicate that emamectin benzoate is unlikely to adversely impact P. phosphorea populations in the environment. However, persistence of emamectin benzoate in tissue constitutes a potential for bioaccumulation with repeated treatments and should be examined in further studies. | publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Levels of mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead in Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) from northern European waters | Levels of mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead in Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) from northern European waters النص الكامل
2024
Frantzen, Sylvia | Duinker, Arne | Julshamn, Kåre | Nøttestad, Leif | Måge, Amund
Fillets from a total of 1245 Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) sampled in different fishing areas of the Northeast Atlantic during 2007–2016 were analysed for mercury, cadmium, arsenic and lead using ICPMS. Mercury levels varied from <0.01 to 0.36 mg/kg wet weight (ww) with a total mean of 0.046 mg/kg ww and were significantly higher in Skagerrak than in the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and west of Scotland. Cadmium concentrations varied from <0.002 to 0.16 mg/kg ww with a mean value of 0.015 mg/kg ww. Only 0.24 % and 0.16 % of the sampled fish exceeded the EU's maximum levels for cadmium and mercury, respectively. Arsenic levels varied between 0.43 and 6.9 mg/kg ww with a mean value of 2.2 mg/kg ww and showed seasonal variation following variations in fat content. Lead concentrations were low and below the analytical limit of quantification (LOQ) in 97 % of the samples. | publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Variability of faecal microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes in flocks of migratory gulls and comparison with the surrounding environment النص الكامل
2024
Jarma, Dayana Ayelen | Sacristán-Soriano, Oriol | Borrego, Carles M. | Hortas Rodríguez-Pacual, Francisco | Peralta-Sánchez, Juan Manuel | Balcázar, José Luis | Sánchez Ordoñez, Marta Isabel | Green, Andy J. | Alonso, Esteban | Sánchez-Melsió, Alexandre | Sánchez Ordóñez, Mata Isabel | Biología
Gulls commonly rely on human-generated waste as their primary food source, contributing to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes, both locally and globally. Our understanding of this process remains incomplete, particularly in relation to its potential interaction with surrounding soil and water. We studied the lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus, as a model to examine the spatial variation of faecal bacterial communities, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and its relationship with the surrounding water and soil. We conducted sampling campaigns within a connectivity network of different flocks of gulls moving across functional units (FUs), each of which represents a module of highly interconnected patches of habitats used for roosting and feeding. The FUs vary in habitat use, with some gulls using more polluted sites (notably landfills), while others prefer more natural environments (e.g., wetlands or beaches). Faecal bacterial communities in gulls from flocks that visit and spend more time in landfills exhibited higher richness and diversity. The faecal microbiota showed a high compositional overlap with bacterial communities in soil. The overlap was greater when compared to landfill (11%) than to wetland soils (6%), and much lower when compared to bacterial communities in surrounding water (2% and 1% for landfill and wetland water, respectively). The relative abundance of ARGs and MGEs were similar between FUs, with variations observed only for specific families of ARGs and MGEs. When exploring the faecal carriage of ARGs and MGEs in bird faeces relative to soil and water compartments, gull faeces were enriched in ARGs classified as High-Risk. Our results shed light on the complex dynamics of antibiotic resistance spread in wild bird populations, providing insights into the interactions among gull movement and feeding behavior, habitat characteristics, and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants across environmental reservoirs.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]New insights from an eight-year study on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an urban terrestrial ecosystem النص الكامل
2024
Heimstad, Eldbjørg Sofie | Nygård, Torgeir | Moe, Børge | Herzke, Dorte
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were analysed in a high number of terrestrial samples of soil, earthworm, bird eggs and liver from red fox and brown rat in an urban area in Norway from 2013 to 2020. PFOS and the long chain PFCAs were the most dominating compounds in all samples, proving their ubiquitous distribution. Other less studied compounds such as 6:2 FTS were first and foremost detected in earthworm. 8:2 FTS was found in many samples of fieldfare egg, sparrowhawk egg and earthworm, where the eggs had highest concentrations. Highest concentrations for both 6:2 FTS and 8:2 FTS were detected at present and former industry areas. FOSA was detected in many samples of the species with highest concentrations in red fox liver and brown rat liver of 3.3 and 5.5 ng/g ww. PFAS concentrations from the urban area were significantly higher than from background areas indicating that some of the species can be suitable as markers for PFAS emissions in an urban environment. Fieldfare eggs had surprisingly high concentrations of PFOS and PFCA concentrations from areas known to be or have been influenced by industry. Biota-soil-accumulation factor and magnification calculations indicate accumulation and magnification potential for several PFAS. Earthworm and fieldfare egg had average concentrations above the Canadian and European thresholds in diet for avian wildlife and predators. For earthworms, 18 % of the samples exceeded the European threshold (33 ng/g ww) of PFOS in prey for predators, and for fieldfare eggs, 35 % of the samples were above the same threshold. None of the soil samples exceeded a proposed PNEC of PFOS for soil living organisms of 373 ng/g dw. | publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Impact of seawater temperature and physical-chemical properties on sorption of pharmaceuticals, stimulants, and biocides to marine particles | Impact of seawater temperature and physical-chemical properties on sorption of pharmaceuticals, stimulants, and biocides to marine particles النص الكامل
2024
Sørensen, Lisbet | Hovsbakken, Ingrid Alver | Wielogorska, Ewa | Creese, Mari Egeness | Sarno, Antonio | Caban, Magda | Sokolowski, Adam | Øverjordet, Ida Beathe
Pharmaceuticals, stimulants, and biocides enter the environment via wastewater from urban, domestic, and industrial areas, in addition to sewage, aquaculture and agriculture runoff. While some of these compounds are easily degradable in environmental conditions, others are more persistent, meaning they are less easily degraded and can stay in the environment for long periods of time. By exploring the adsorptive properties of a wide range of pharmaceuticals, stimulants, and biocides onto particles relevant for marine conditions, we can better understand their environmental behaviour and transport potential. Here, the sorption of 27 such compounds to inorganic (kaolin) and biotic (the microalgae Cryptomonas baltica) marine particles was investigated. Only two compounds sorbed to microalgae, while 23 sorbed to kaolin. The sorption mechanisms between select pharmaceuticals and stimulants and kaolin was assessed through exploring adsorption kinetics (caffeine, ciprofloxacin, citalopram, fluoxetine, and oxolinic acid) and isotherms (ciprofloxacin, citalopram, and fluoxetine). Temperature was shown to have a significant impact on partitioning, and the impact was more pronounced closer to maximum sorption capacity for the individual compounds. | publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Continuous sound from a marine vibrator causes behavioural responses of free-ranging, spawning Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) | Continuous sound from a marine vibrator causes behavioural responses of free-ranging, spawning Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) النص الكامل
2024
McQueen, Kate | Sivle, Lise Doksæter | Forland, Tonje Nesse | Meager, Justin James | Skjæraasen, Jon Egil | Olsen, Esben Moland | Karlsen, Ørjan | Kvadsheim, Petter Helgevold | de Jong, Karen
Marine vibrators are a new technology being developed for seismic surveys. These devices can transmit continuous instead of impulsive sound and operate over a narrower frequency band and at lower peak pressure than airguns, which is assumed to reduce their environmental impacts. We exposed spawning Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to sound produced by a prototype, but full-scale, marine vibrator, and monitored behavioural responses of tagged cod using acoustic telemetry. Fish were exposed to 10 × 3 h continuous sound treatments over a 4-day period using a randomised-block design. Sound exposure levels were comparable to airgun exposure experiments conducted previously with the same set-up ranging from ∼115 to 145 dB re 1 μPa2s during exposure. Telemetry data were used to assess 1) whether marine vibrator exposure displaced cod from the spawning ground, through estimation of residence and survival probabilities, and 2) fine-scale behavioural responses within the test site, namely swimming depth, activity levels, displacement, and home ranges. Forty-two spawning cod were tagged prior to the exposure, with 22 present during the exposure. All 22 tags were equipped with pressure sensors and ten of these additionally with accelerometers. While no premature departure from the spawning site was observed, cod reacted to the exposure by decreasing their activity levels (by up to 50%, SE = 7%) and increasing their swimming depth (by up to 2.5 m, SE = 1.0 m) within the test site during the exposure period. These behavioural responses varied by sex and time of day. Cod reactions to a marine vibrator may be more pronounced than reactions to airguns, possibly because continuous sound is more disturbing to fish than intermittent sound at the same exposure levels. However, given sample size limitations of the present study, further studies with continuous sound are necessary to fully understand its impact and biological significance. | publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Mixture toxicity of 6PPD-quinone and polystyrene nanoplastics in zebrafish النص الكامل
2024
Varshney, Shubham | Oconnor, Olivia Leal | Gora, Adnan Hussain | Rehman, Saima | Kiron, Viswanath | Siriyappagouder, Prabhugouda | Dahle, Dalia | Kögel, Tanja | Ørnsrud, Robin | Olsvik, Pål Asgeir
Mixture toxicity of 6PPD-quinone and polystyrene nanoplastics in zebrafish النص الكامل
2024
Varshney, Shubham | Oconnor, Olivia Leal | Gora, Adnan Hussain | Rehman, Saima | Kiron, Viswanath | Siriyappagouder, Prabhugouda | Dahle, Dalia | Kögel, Tanja | Ørnsrud, Robin | Olsvik, Pål Asgeir
publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Mixture toxicity of 6PPD-quinone and polystyrene nanoplastics in zebrafish | Mixture toxicity of 6PPD-quinone and polystyrene nanoplastics in zebrafish النص الكامل
2024
Varshney, Shubham | Oconnor, Olivia Leal | Gora, Adnan Hussain | Rehman, Saima | Kiron, Viswanath | Siriyappagouder, Prabhugouda | Dahle, Dalia | Kögel, Tanja | Ørnsrud, Robin | Olsvik, Pål Asgeir
Plastic pollution, including micro- and nanoplastics, is a growing concern. Tyre-wear particles (TWPs) are the second largest source of microplastics in the ocean following abrasion of synthetic fibres. In addition to the particles themselves, TWPs contain many harmful chemicals, including 6PPD. This chemical reacts with atmospheric ozone and forms the toxic compound 6PPD-quinone (6PPDq), which poses a danger to aquatic life. There is a knowledge gap in understanding risks associated with the combined toxicity of nanoplastics (NPs) and 6PPDq. The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity of NPs and 6PPDq on adult zebrafish using phenotypic (behaviour, histology) and transcriptomic endpoints. Zebrafish were exposed to four treatments: control (contaminant-free), 50 μg/L 6PPDq, 3 mg/L polystyrene (PS)-NPs, and a combination of 50 μg/L 6PPDq and 3 mg/L PS-NPs. We did not observe locomotory dysregulation in zebrafish exposed to NPs. However, we found significant hyperlocomotion in zebrafish exposed to 6PPDq and this effect was even more substantial after co-exposure with PS-NPs. This study explores the molecular mechanisms behind these effects, identifying genes associated with neurotransmitters and fatty acid metabolism that were dysregulated by the co-exposure. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that both 6PPDq and PS-NPs impacted cellular processes associated with sterol biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, and muscle tissue development. The effects on these mechanisms were stronger in co-exposed zebrafish, indicating a heightened risk to cellular integrity and mitochondrial dysfunction. These results highlight the significance of mixture toxicity when studying the effects of NPs and associated chemicals like 6PPDq. | publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]The challenges of opportunistic sampling when comparing prevalence of plastics in diving seabirds: A multi-species example from Norway النص الكامل
2024
Benjaminsen, Stine Charlotte | Dehnhard, Nina | Herzke, Dorte | Johnsen, Arild | Anker-Nilssen, Tycho | Bourgeon, Sophie | Collard, France | Langset, Magdalene | Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe | Gabrielsen, Geir W.
The challenges of opportunistic sampling when comparing prevalence of plastics in diving seabirds: A multi-species example from Norway النص الكامل
2024
Benjaminsen, Stine Charlotte | Dehnhard, Nina | Herzke, Dorte | Johnsen, Arild | Anker-Nilssen, Tycho | Bourgeon, Sophie | Collard, France | Langset, Magdalene | Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe | Gabrielsen, Geir W.
There is a need for baseline information about how much plastics are ingested by wildlife and potential negative consequences thereof. We analysed the frequency of occurrence (FO) of plastics >1 mm in the stomachs of five pursuit-diving seabird species collected opportunistically. Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) found emaciated on beaches in SW Norway had the highest FO of plastics (58.8 %), followed by emaciated common guillemots (Uria aalge; 9.1 %) also found beached in either SW or SE Norway. No plastics were detected in razorbills (Alca torda), great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo), and European shags (Gulosus aristotelis) taken as bycatch in northern Norway. This is the first study to report on plastic ingestion of these five species in northern Europe, and it highlights both the usefulness and limitations of opportunistic sampling. Small sample sizes, as well as an unbalanced sample design, complicated the interpretation of the results. | publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]The challenges of opportunistic sampling when comparing prevalence of plastics in diving seabirds: A multi-species example from Norway النص الكامل
2024
Benjaminsen, Stine Charlotte | Dehnhard, Nina | Herzke, Dorte | Johnsen, Arild | Anker-Nilssen, Tycho | Bourgeon, Sophie | Collard, France | Langset, Magdalene | Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe | Gabrielsen, Geir W.
There is a need for baseline information about how much plastics are ingested by wildlife and potential negative consequences thereof. We analysed the frequency of occurrence (FO) of plastics >1 mm in the stomachs of five pursuit-diving seabird species collected opportunistically. Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) found emaciated on beaches in SW Norway had the highest FO of plastics (58.8 %), followed by emaciated common guillemots (Uria aalge; 9.1 %) also found beached in either SW or SE Norway. No plastics were detected in razorbills (Alca torda), great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo), and European shags (Gulosus aristotelis) taken as bycatch in northern Norway. This is the first study to report on plastic ingestion of these five species in northern Europe, and it highlights both the usefulness and limitations of opportunistic sampling. Small sample sizes, as well as an unbalanced sample design, complicated the interpretation of the results.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]The challenges of opportunistic sampling when comparing prevalence of plastics in diving seabirds: A multi-species example from Norway | ENEngelskEnglishThe challenges of opportunistic sampling when comparing prevalence of plastics in diving seabirds: A multi-species example from Norway النص الكامل
2024
Benjaminsen, Stine Charlotte | Dehnhard, Nina | Herzke, Dorte | Johnsen, Arild | Anker-Nilssen, Tycho | Bourgeon, Sophie | Collard, France | Langset, Magdalene | Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe | Gabrielsen, Geir W.
There is a need for baseline information about how much plastics are ingested by wildlife and potential negative consequences thereof. We analysed the frequency of occurrence (FO) of plastics >1 mm in the stomachs of five pursuit-diving seabird species collected opportunistically. Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) found emaciated on beaches in SW Norway had the highest FO of plastics (58.8 %), followed by emaciated common guillemots (Uria aalge; 9.1 %) also found beached in either SW or SE Norway. No plastics were detected in razorbills (Alca torda), great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo), and European shags (Gulosus aristotelis) taken as bycatch in northern Norway. This is the first study to report on plastic ingestion of these five species in northern Europe, and it highlights both the usefulness and limitations of opportunistic sampling. Small sample sizes, as well as an unbalanced sample design, complicated the interpretation of the results. Alcids Cormorants Pursuit-diving Seabirds Pollution Microplastics
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]The challenges of opportunistic sampling when comparing prevalence of plastics in diving seabirds: A multi-species example from Norway | The challenges of opportunistic sampling when comparing prevalence of plastics in diving seabirds: A multi-species example from Norway النص الكامل
2024
Benjaminsen, Stine Charlotte | Dehnhard, Nina | Herzke, Dorte | Johnsen, Arild | Anker-Nilssen, Tycho | Bourgeon, Sophie | Collard, France | Langset, Magdalene | Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe | Gabrielsen, Geir W.
There is a need for baseline information about how much plastics are ingested by wildlife and potential negative consequences thereof. We analysed the frequency of occurrence (FO) of plastics >1 mm in the stomachs of five pursuit-diving seabird species collected opportunistically. Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) found emaciated on beaches in SW Norway had the highest FO of plastics (58.8 %), followed by emaciated common guillemots (Uria aalge; 9.1 %) also found beached in either SW or SE Norway. No plastics were detected in razorbills (Alca torda), great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo), and European shags (Gulosus aristotelis) taken as bycatch in northern Norway. This is the first study to report on plastic ingestion of these five species in northern Europe, and it highlights both the usefulness and limitations of opportunistic sampling. Small sample sizes, as well as an unbalanced sample design, complicated the interpretation of the results. Alcids Cormorants Pursuit-diving Seabirds Pollution Microplastics | publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Current status of microbial source tracking applications in constructed wetlands serving as nature-based solutions for water management and wastewater treatment النص الكامل
2024
Paruch, Adam | Paruch, Lisa
Microbial source tracking (MST) has been recognised as an effective tool for determining the origins and sources of faecal contamination in various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Thus, it has been widely applied in environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys to define specific animal- and human-associated faecal eDNA. In this context, identification of and differentiation between anthropogenic and zoogenic faecal pollution origins and sources are pivotal for the evaluation of waterborne microbial contamination transport and the associated human, animal, and environmental health risks. These concerns are particularly pertinent to diverse nature-based solutions (NBS) that are being applied specifically to secure water safety and human and ecosystem well-being, for example, constructed wetlands (CWs) for water and wastewater treatment. The research in this area has undergone a constant evolution, and there is a solid foundation of publications available across the world. Hence, there is an early opportunity to synthesise valuable information and relevant knowledge on this specific topic, which will greatly benefit future work by improving NBS design and performance. By selecting 15 representative research reports published over 20 years, we review the current state of MST technology applied for faecal-associated contamination measures in NBS/CWs throughout the world. | publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Dynamics of mercury stable isotope compounds in Arctic seals: new insights from a controlled feeding trial on hooded seals Cystophora cristata. النص الكامل
2024
Pinzone, Marianna | Amouroux, David | Tessier, Emmanuel | Acquarone, Mario | Siebert, Ursula | Das, Krishna | FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège
peer reviewed | Accurate interpretation of mercury (Hg) isotopic data requires the consideration of several biotic factors such as age, diet, geographical range, and tissue metabolic turnover. A priori knowledge of prey-predator isotopic incorporation rates and Hg biomagnification is essential. This study aims to assess Hg stable isotopes incorporation in an Arctic species of Phocidae, the hooded seal Cystophora cristata, kept in human care for 24 months (2012 - 2014) and fed on a constant diet of Norwegian Spring Spawning herring Clupea harengus. We measured THg, MMHg and iHg levels, as well as Hg stable isotope composition with both mass dependent (MDF) and mass independent (MIF) fractionation (e.g. δ202Hg and Δ199,200,201,204Hg) in hooded seal kidney, liver, hair and muscle, in addition to herring muscle. We then calculated Hg MDF and MIF isotopic fractionation between hooded seals and their prey. We found a significant shift in δ202Hg between hooded seal hair (+0.80‰) and kidney (-0.78‰), and herring muscle. In hooded seals tissues δ202Hg correlated positively with MMHg percentage. These findings suggest that tissue-specific Hg speciation is the major driver of changes in Hg isotopic fractionation rates in this Arctic predator. Δ199Hg, Δ200Hg, Δ201Hg and Δ204Hg values did not vary between herring and hooded seal tissues, confirming their utility as tracers of Hg marine and atmospheric sources in top predators. To our knowledge, this represents the first attempt to assess complex Hg isotope dynamics in the internal system of Arctic Phocidae, controlling the effects of age, diet, and distribution. Our results confirm the validity of Hg stable isotopes as tracers of environmental Hg sources even in top predators, but emphasize the importance of animal age and tissue selection for inter-study and inter-species comparisons. | 14. Life below water
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