خيارات البحث
النتائج 81 - 90 من 5,153
Study of the oil interaction towards oil spill recovery skimmer material: Effect of the oil weathering and emulsification properties النص الكامل
2018
Farooq, Umer | Taban, Ingrid Christina | Daling, Per Snorre
Study of the oil interaction towards oil spill recovery skimmer material: Effect of the oil weathering and emulsification properties النص الكامل
2018
Farooq, Umer | Taban, Ingrid Christina | Daling, Per Snorre
The primary aim of this research was to identify the physicochemical properties of the oil and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions used during a NOFO Oil-on-Water field trials that reduced the performance of the skimmers recovery efficacy during the trials. Extensive studies were performed at SINTEF laboratories with the residues of oil topped (i.e. evaporative loss of crude oil components by distillation process at large scale) for the field trial and compared it with different residues of oil topped by bench scale laboratory procedures. In order to obtain a sufficient stable W/O emulsion for the field trial, bunker fuel oil (IFO380) and various concentrations of an emulsifier (Paramul®) were also added to the residues of oil topped on large scale and investigated through interfacial tension, contact angle, droplet adhesion and “dip and withdraw” tests. The investigations revealed that the addition of an emulsifier lowered the interfacial tension of oil residues, which consequently reduced the adherence properties of the oil and emulsions to the surface of the skimmer material. Too high concentration of an emulsifier (>0,5%) also had a negative effect on the stability of W/O emulsion. | Study of the oil interaction towards oil spill recovery skimmer material: Effect of the oil weathering and emulsification properties | acceptedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Study of the oil interaction towards oil spill recovery skimmer material: Effect of the oil weathering and emulsification properties النص الكامل
2018
Farooq, Umer | Taban, Ingrid C. | Daling, Per S.
The primary aim of this research was to identify the physicochemical properties of the oil and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions used during a NOFO Oil-on-Water field trials that reduced the performance of the skimmers recovery efficacy during the trials. Extensive studies were performed at SINTEF laboratories with the residues of oil topped (i.e. evaporative loss of crude oil components by distillation process at large scale) for the field trial and compared it with different residues of oil topped by bench scale laboratory procedures. In order to obtain a sufficient stable W/O emulsion for the field trial, bunker fuel oil (IFO380) and various concentrations of an emulsifier (Paramul®) were also added to the residues of oil topped on large scale and investigated through interfacial tension, contact angle, droplet adhesion and “dip and withdraw” tests. The investigations revealed that the addition of an emulsifier lowered the interfacial tension of oil residues, which consequently reduced the adherence properties of the oil and emulsions to the surface of the skimmer material. Too high concentration of an emulsifier (>0,5%) also had a negative effect on the stability of W/O emulsion.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Marine microplastic debris: An emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health النص الكامل
2018
Barboza, Luís G.A. | Dick Vethaak, A | Lavorante, Beatriz RBO | Lundebye, Anne-Katrine | Guilhermino, Lucia
Marine microplastic debris: An emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health النص الكامل
2018
Barboza, Luís G.A. | Dick Vethaak, A | Lavorante, Beatriz RBO | Lundebye, Anne-Katrine | Guilhermino, Lucia
Recent studies have demonstrated the negative impacts of microplastics on wildlife. Therefore, the presence of microplastics in marine species for human consumption and the high intake of seafood (fish and shellfish) in some countries cause concern about the potential effects of microplastics on human health. In this brief review, the evidence of seafood contamination by microplastics is reviewed, and the potential consequences of the presence of microplastics in the marine environment for human food security, food safety and health are discussed. Furthermore, challenges and gaps in knowledge are identified. The knowledge on the adverse effects on human health due to the consumption of marine organisms containing microplastics is very limited, difficult to assess and still controversial. Thus, assessment of the risk posed to humans is challenging. Research is urgently needed, especially regarding the potential exposure and associated health risk to micro- and nano-sized plastics. | publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Marine microplastic debris: An emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health النص الكامل
2018
Barboza, Luís Gabriel Antão | Dick Vethaak, A. | Lavorante, Beatriz R.B.O. | Lundebye, Anne-Katrine | Guilhermino, Lúcia
Recent studies have demonstrated the negative impacts of microplastics on wildlife. Therefore, the presence of microplastics in marine species for human consumption and the high intake of seafood (fish and shellfish) in some countries cause concern about the potential effects of microplastics on human health. In this brief review, the evidence of seafood contamination by microplastics is reviewed, and the potential consequences of the presence of microplastics in the marine environment for human food security, food safety and health are discussed. Furthermore, challenges and gaps in knowledge are identified. The knowledge on the adverse effects on human health due to the consumption of marine organisms containing microplastics is very limited, difficult to assess and still controversial. Thus, assessment of the risk posed to humans is challenging. Research is urgently needed, especially regarding the potential exposure and associated health risk to micro- and nano-sized plastics.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Assessing impacts of simulated oil spills on the Northeast Arctic cod fishery | Assessing impacts of simulated oil spills on the Northeast Arctic cod fishery النص الكامل
2018
Carroll, JoLynn | Vikebø, Frode Bendiksen | Howell, Daniel | Broch, Ole Jacob | Nepstad, Raymond | Augustine, Starrlight | Skeie, Geir Morten | Bast, Radovan | Juselius, Jonas
We simulate oil spills of 1500 and 4500 m3/day lasting 14, 45, and 90 days in the spawning grounds of the commercial fish species, Northeast Arctic cod. Modeling the life history of individual fish eggs and larvae, we predict deviations from the historical pattern of recruitment to the adult population due to toxic oil exposures. Reductions in survival for pelagic stages of cod were 0–10%, up to a maximum of 43%. These reductions resulted in a decrease in adult cod biomass of < 3% for most scenarios, up to a maximum of 12%. In all simulations, the adult population remained at full reproductive potential with a sufficient number of juveniles surviving to replenish the population. The diverse age distribution helps protect the adult cod population from reductions in a single year's recruitment after a major oil spill. These results provide insights to assist in managing oil spill impacts on fisheries. | Assessing impacts of simulated oil spills on the Northeast Arctic cod fishery | publishedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Influence de pratiques réelles d’utilisations sur les émissions d’un appareil de chauffage domestique au bois النص الكامل
2018
Brandelet, Benoît | Rose, Christophe | Landreau, Julien | Rogaume, Caroline | Druette, Lionel | Rogaume, Yann
L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence l’influence sur les émissions et les performances d’un appareil de différents paramètres, comme l’humidité du bois, la présence d’écorce ou non, le calibre utilisé ainsi que le mode d’allumage. De nombreux résultats ressortent de cette étude. Tout d’abord, tous ces paramètres influent de manière considérable sur les émissions des appareils, notamment les émissions de particules, et ce, même à régime nominal. La présence d’écorce modifie la composition en carbone total des particules totales et implique l’émission d’un nouveau type de particule : les nano-cristaux. Une humidité élevée induit des niveaux de températures plus faibles. Ainsi, les émissions d’imbrûlés gazeux tels que les Composés Organiques Volatils vont augmenter de manière importante. Les émissions de particules, en quantité et en composition chimique, sont aussi significativement impactées par l’humidité du combustible. Deux modes d’allumage ont aussi été étudiés. Il s’avère qu’un allumage inversé permet de réduire de manière significative la globalité des émissions par rapport à un allumage classique. En effet, seules les émissions de Carbone Elémentaire sont plus importantes avec un allumage inversé. | he aim of this study is to bring to light the influence on firewood emissions and performance of several parameters like the moisture content of the fuel, the presence of bark, the caliber of the fuel but also the ignition mode. Many results emerge from this study. First of all, all these parameters significantly impact the emissions of the firewood at the nominal thermal heat output, especially the particles emissions. The presence of bark modifies the particles composition in total carbon. Moreover, the presence of bark induces the emissions of a new family of particles: the nanocrystal. A high moisture of the fuel led to a lower temperature in the combustion chamber. Then, the emissions of unburned gases, like the Volatile Organic Compounds, will considerably increase. The particles emissions and the composition of those particles were also significantly impacted by the moisture of the fuel. Two ignition modes were also studied. It appears that the top-down ignition against the traditional ignition allowed a significant decrease of all the emissions. Nevertheless, the elemental carbon emissions were more important with a top-down ignition.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Elucidation of contamination sources for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic) | Elucidation of contamination sources for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic) النص الكامل
2018
Skaar, Jøran Solnes | Ræder, Erik Magnus | Lyche, Jan Ludvig | Ahrens, Lutz | Kallenborn, Roland
Elucidation of contamination sources for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic) | Elucidation of contamination sources for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic) النص الكامل
2018
Skaar, Jøran Solnes | Ræder, Erik Magnus | Lyche, Jan Ludvig | Ahrens, Lutz | Kallenborn, Roland
A combination of local (i.e. firefighting training facilities) and remote sources (i.e., long-range transport) are assumed to be responsible for the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic). However, no systematic elucidation of local PFASs sources have been conducted yet. Therefore, a survey was performed aiming at identifying local PFASs pollution sources on the island of Spitsbergen (Svalbard, Norway). Soil, fresh water (lake, draining rivers), sea water, melt-water run-off, surface snow and coastal sediment samples were collected from Longyearbyen (Norwegian mining town), Ny-Ålesund (research facility) and the Lake Linnévatnet area (background site) during several campaigns (2014-2016) and analysed for 14 individual target PFASs. For background site (Linnévatnet area, sampling during April to June 2015), ∑PFAS levels ranged from 0.4 – 4 ng/L in surface lake water (n = 20). PFAS in melt water from the contributing glaciers showed similar concentrations (~4 ng/L, n = 2). The short chain perfluorobutanoate (PFBA) was predominant in lake water (60-80% of the ∑PFASs), meltwater (20-30 %) and run-off water (40 %). Long range transport is assumed to be the major PFAS source. In Longyearbyen, 5 water samples (i.e. 2 seawater, 3 run-off) were collected near the local firefighting training site (FFTS) in November 2014 and June 2015, respectively. The highest PFAS levels were found in FFTS melt water run-off (118 ng/L). PFOS was the most abundant compound in the FFTS meltwater run-off (53 – 58 % PFASs). At the research station Ny-Ålesund, sea water (n = 6), soil (n = 9) and fresh water (n = 10) were collected in June 2016. Low ∑PFAS concentrations were determined for sea water (5 - 6 ng/L), whereas high ∑PFAS concentrations were found in run-off water (113 – 119 ng/L) and soil (211 – 800 ng/g dry weight (dw)) collected close to the local FFTS. In addition, high ∑PFAS levels (127 ng/L) were also found in fresh water from lake Solvatnet close to former sewage treatment facility. Overall, at both FFTS affected sites (soil, water), PFOS was the most abundant compound (60 – 69% of ∑PFASs). FFTS and landfill locations were identified as major PFASs sources for Svalbard settlements. | Elucidation of contamination sources for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic) | acceptedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Elucidation of contamination sources for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic) النص الكامل
2018
A combination of local (i.e. firefighting training facilities) and remote sources (i.e., long-range transport) are assumed to be responsible for the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic). However, no systematic elucidation of local PFASs sources have been conducted yet. Therefore, a survey was performed aiming at identifying local PFASs pollution sources on the island of Spitsbergen (Svalbard, Norway). Soil, fresh water (lake, draining rivers), sea water, melt-water run-off, surface snow and coastal sediment samples were collected from Longyearbyen (Norwegian mining town), Ny-Ålesund (research facility) and the Lake Linnévatnet area (background site) during several campaigns (2014-2016) and analysed for 14 individual target PFASs. For background site (Linnévatnet area, sampling during April to June 2015), ∑PFAS levels ranged from 0.4 – 4 ng/L in surface lake water (n = 20). PFAS in melt water from the contributing glaciers showed similar concentrations (~4 ng/L, n = 2). The short chain perfluorobutanoate (PFBA) was predominant in lake water (60-80% of the ∑PFASs), meltwater (20-30 %) and run-off water (40 %). Long range transport is assumed to be the major PFAS source. In Longyearbyen, 5 water samples (i.e. 2 seawater, 3 run-off) were collected near the local firefighting training site (FFTS) in November 2014 and June 2015, respectively. The highest PFAS levels were found in FFTS melt water run-off (118 ng/L). PFOS was the most abundant compound in the FFTS meltwater run-off (53 – 58 % PFASs). At the research station Ny-Ålesund, sea water (n = 6), soil (n = 9) and fresh water (n = 10) were collected in June 2016. Low ∑PFAS concentrations were determined for sea water (5 - 6 ng/L), whereas high ∑PFAS concentrations were found in run-off water (113 – 119 ng/L) and soil (211 – 800 ng/g dry weight (dw)) collected close to the local FFTS. In addition, high ∑PFAS levels (127 ng/L) were also found in fresh water from lake Solvatnet close to former sewage treatment facility. Overall, at both FFTS affected sites (soil, water), PFOS was the most abundant compound (60 – 69% of ∑PFASs). FFTS and landfill locations were identified as major PFASs sources for Svalbard settlements. | Elucidation of contamination sources for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic)
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Ecological risk assessment to marine organisms induced by heavy metals in China's coastal waters النص الكامل
2018
Wang, Mengzhu | Tong, Yindong | Chen, Cen | Liu, Xianhua | Lu, Yiren | Zhang, Wei | He, Wei | Wang, Xuejun | Zhao, Shen | Lin, Yan
Ecological risk assessment to marine organisms induced by heavy metals in China's coastal waters النص الكامل
2018
Wang, Mengzhu | Tong, Yindong | Chen, Cen | Liu, Xianhua | Lu, Yiren | Zhang, Wei | He, Wei | Wang, Xuejun | Zhao, Shen | Lin, Yan
Embargo until 23 November 2019 | China's coastal environment has been heavily affected by the loading of terrestrial pollutants in recent decades, and quantitative risk assessment is urgently needed to assess the ecological risks of China's coastal environment. We assessed the ecological risks induced by five heavy metals (including Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg and As) in China's coastal waters for three groups of marine organisms (including crustacean, fish and mollusc) based on data obtained from a nationwide unified coastal environment monitoring program consisting of 301 sampling sites. The results show that higher heavy metal concentrations occurred more frequently in the Bohai Sea and in the estuaries of major sea-going rivers. The ecological risks decreased in the following order: Bohai Sea > Yellow Sea > South China Sea > East China Sea. There was generally low ecological risk, but certain hotspots existed near Tianjin and Jinzhou, which had relatively high ecological risks caused by Cu and Zn. | acceptedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Ecological risk assessment to marine organisms induced by heavy metals in China's coastal waters النص الكامل
2018
Wang, Mengzhu | Tong, Yindong | Chen, Cen | Liu, Xianhua | Lu, Yiren | Zhang, Wei | He, Wei | Wang, Xuejun | Zhao, Shen | Lin, Yan
China's coastal environment has been heavily affected by the loading of terrestrial pollutants in recent decades, and quantitative risk assessment is urgently needed to assess the ecological risks of China's coastal environment. We assessed the ecological risks induced by five heavy metals (including Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg and As) in China's coastal waters for three groups of marine organisms (including crustacean, fish and mollusc) based on data obtained from a nationwide unified coastal environment monitoring program consisting of 301 sampling sites. The results show that higher heavy metal concentrations occurred more frequently in the Bohai Sea and in the estuaries of major sea-going rivers. The ecological risks decreased in the following order: Bohai Sea>Yellow Sea>South China Sea>East China Sea. There was generally low ecological risk, but certain hotspots existed near Tianjin and Jinzhou, which had relatively high ecological risks caused by Cu and Zn.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Microbial communities in seawater from an Arctic and a temperate Norwegian fjord and their potentials for biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil at low seawater temperatures | Microbial communities in seawater from an Arctic and a temperate Norwegian fjord and their potentials for biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil at low seawater temperatures النص الكامل
2018
Ribicic, Deni | Netzer, Roman | Winkler, Anika | Brakstad, Odd Gunnar
Microbial communities in seawater from an Arctic and a temperate Norwegian fjord and their potentials for biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil at low seawater temperatures | Microbial communities in seawater from an Arctic and a temperate Norwegian fjord and their potentials for biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil at low seawater temperatures النص الكامل
2018
Ribicic, Deni | Netzer, Roman | Winkler, Anika | Brakstad, Odd Gunnar
Biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil at low temperature (0–2 °C) was compared in natural seawater from Arctic (Svalbard) and a temperate (Norway) fjords. The oil was premixed with a dispersant (Corexit 9500) and small-droplet oil dispersions prepared. Faster biotransformation of n-alkanes in the Arctic than in the temperate seawater were associated with the initially higher abundance of the alkane-degrading genus Oleispira in the Arctic than the temperate seawater. Comparable transformation of aromatic hydrocarbons was further associated with the late emergences Cycloclasticus in both seawater sources. The results showed that chemically dispersed oil may be rapidly biodegraded by microbial communities in Arctic seawater. Compared to oil biodegradation studies at higher seawater temperatures, longer lag-periods were experienced here, and may be attributed to both microbial and oil properties at these low seawater temperatures. | acceptedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Microbial communities in seawater from an Arctic and a temperate Norwegian fjord and their potentials for biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil at low seawater temperatures النص الكامل
2018
Ribicic, Deni | Netzer, Roman | Winkler, Anika | Brakstad, Odd Gunnar
Biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil at low temperature (0–2 °C) was compared in natural seawater from Arctic (Svalbard) and a temperate (Norway) fjords. The oil was premixed with a dispersant (Corexit 9500) and small-droplet oil dispersions prepared. Faster biotransformation of n-alkanes in the Arctic than in the temperate seawater were associated with the initially higher abundance of the alkane-degrading genus Oleispira in the Arctic than the temperate seawater. Comparable transformation of aromatic hydrocarbons was further associated with the late emergences Cycloclasticus in both seawater sources. The results showed that chemically dispersed oil may be rapidly biodegraded by microbial communities in Arctic seawater. Compared to oil biodegradation studies at higher seawater temperatures, longer lag-periods were experienced here, and may be attributed to both microbial and oil properties at these low seawater temperatures.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]The sensitivity of the surface oil signature to subsurface dispersant injection and weather conditions النص الكامل
2018
Daae, Ragnhild Lundmark | Skancke, Jørgen | Brandvik, Per Johan | Faksness, Liv Guri
The sensitivity of the surface oil signature to subsurface dispersant injection and weather conditions النص الكامل
2018
Daae, Ragnhild Lundmark | Skancke, Jørgen | Brandvik, Per Johan | Faksness, Liv Guri
Subsea blowouts have the potential to spread oil across large geographical areas, and subsea dispersant injection (SSDI) is a response option targeted at reducing the impact of a blowout, especially reducing persistent surface oil slicks. Modified Weber scaling was used to predict oil droplet sizes with the OSCAR oil spill model, and to evaluate the surface oil volume and area when using SSDI under different conditions. Generally, SSDI reduces the amount of oil on the surface, and creates wider and thinner surface oil slicks. It was found that the reduction of surface oil area and volume with SSDI was enhanced for higher wind speeds. Overall, given the effect of SSDI on oil volume and weathering, it may be suggested that tar ball formation, requiring thick and weathered oil, could possibly be reduced when SSDI is used. | acceptedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]The sensitivity of the surface oil signature to subsurface dispersant injection and weather conditions النص الكامل
2018
Daae, Ragnhild L. | Skancke, Jørgen | Brandvik, Per Johan | Faksness, Liv-Guri
Subsea blowouts have the potential to spread oil across large geographical areas, and subsea dispersant injection (SSDI) is a response option targeted at reducing the impact of a blowout, especially reducing persistent surface oil slicks. Modified Weber scaling was used to predict oil droplet sizes with the OSCAR oil spill model, and to evaluate the surface oil volume and area when using SSDI under different conditions. Generally, SSDI reduces the amount of oil on the surface, and creates wider and thinner surface oil slicks. It was found that the reduction of surface oil area and volume with SSDI was enhanced for higher wind speeds. Overall, given the effect of SSDI on oil volume and weathering, it may be suggested that tar ball formation, requiring thick and weathered oil, could possibly be reduced when SSDI is used.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Spatial variations in trace element concentrations of the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, a first reference study in the Mediterranean Sea النص الكامل
2018
Ternengo, Sonia | Marengo, Michel | El Idrissi, Ouafa | Yepka, Joseph | Pasqualini, Vanina | Gobert, Sylvie | FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège
Spatial variations in trace element concentrations of the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, a first reference study in the Mediterranean Sea النص الكامل
2018
Ternengo, Sonia | Marengo, Michel | El Idrissi, Ouafa | Yepka, Joseph | Pasqualini, Vanina | Gobert, Sylvie | FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège
peer reviewed | A study on Trace Elements (TE) from sea urchin gonads has been conducted in the western Mediterranean Sea. Contamination data were used to determine a Trace Method Pollution Index (TEPI). TE concentrations varied considerably depending on the location of the sampling stations. The results showed that five trace elements (Zn, Fe, As, Al, Cu) are ubiquitous. The geographical area considered (Corsica) represents an important range of environmental conditions and types of pressure that can be found in the western Mediterranean Sea. TEPI was used to classify the studied sites according to their degree of contamination and allowed reliable comparison of TE contamination between local and international sites. TE contamination of the western Mediterranean Seadisplayed a north-to-south gradient, from the Italian coasts down through the insular Corsican coasts to the north African littoral. Due to the increasing environmental pressure on the Mediterranean Sea, a regular monitoring of TE levels in marine organisms is necessary to prevent any further environmental deterioration.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Spatial variations in trace element concentrations of the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, a first reference study in the Mediterranean Sea النص الكامل
2018
Ternengo, S. | Marengo, M. | El Idrissi, O. | Yepka, J. | Pasqualini, V. | Gobert, S.
A study on Trace Elements (TE) from sea urchin gonads has been conducted in the western Mediterranean Sea. Contamination data were used to determine a Trace Method Pollution Index (TEPI). TE concentrations varied considerably depending on the location of the sampling stations. The results showed that five trace elements (Zn, Fe, As, Al, Cu) are ubiquitous. The geographical area considered (Corsica) represents an important range of environmental conditions and types of pressure that can be found in the western Mediterranean Sea. TEPI was used to classify the studied sites according to their degree of contamination and allowed reliable comparison of TE contamination between local and international sites. TE contamination of the western Mediterranean Sea displayed a north-to-south gradient, from the Italian coasts down through the insular Corsican coasts to the north African littoral. Due to the increasing environmental pressure on the Mediterranean Sea, a regular monitoring of TE levels in marine organisms is necessary to prevent any further environmental deterioration.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Combined effects of fishing and oil spills on marine fish: Role of stock demographic structure for offspring overlap with oil النص الكامل
2018
Stige, Leif Christian | Ottersen, Geir | Yaragina, Nathalia A. | Vikebø, Frode Bendiksen | Stenseth, Nils Christian | Langangen, Øystein
Combined effects of fishing and oil spills on marine fish: Role of stock demographic structure for offspring overlap with oil النص الكامل
2018
Stige, Leif Christian | Ottersen, Geir | Yaragina, Nathalia A. | Vikebø, Frode Bendiksen | Stenseth, Nils Christian | Langangen, Øystein
It has been proposed that the multiple pressures of fishing and petroleum activities impact fish stocks in synergy, as fishing-induced demographic changes in a stock may lead to increased sensitivity to detrimental effects of acute oil spills. High fishing pressure may erode the demographic structure of fish stocks, lead to less diverse spawning strategies, and more concentrated distributions of offspring in space and time. Hence an oil spill may potentially hit a larger fraction of a year-class of offspring. Such a link between demographic structure and egg distribution was recently demonstrated for the Northeast Arctic stock of Atlantic cod for years 1959–1993. We here estimate that this variation translates into a two-fold variation in the maximal proportion of cod eggs potentially exposed to a large oil spill. With this information it is possible to quantitatively account for demographic structure in prospective studies of population effects of possible oil spills. | acceptedVersion
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Combined effects of fishing and oil spills on marine fish: Role of stock demographic structure for offspring overlap with oil النص الكامل
2018
Stige, Leif Chr | Ottersen, Geir | Yaragina, Natalia A. | Vikebø, Frode B. | Stenseth, Nils Chr | Langangen, Øystein
It has been proposed that the multiple pressures of fishing and petroleum activities impact fish stocks in synergy, as fishing-induced demographic changes in a stock may lead to increased sensitivity to detrimental effects of acute oil spills. High fishing pressure may erode the demographic structure of fish stocks, lead to less diverse spawning strategies, and more concentrated distributions of offspring in space and time. Hence an oil spill may potentially hit a larger fraction of a year-class of offspring. Such a link between demographic structure and egg distribution was recently demonstrated for the Northeast Arctic stock of Atlantic cod for years 1959–1993. We here estimate that this variation translates into a two-fold variation in the maximal proportion of cod eggs potentially exposed to a large oil spill. With this information it is possible to quantitatively account for demographic structure in prospective studies of population effects of possible oil spills.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Combined effects of fishing and oil spills on marine fish: Role of stock demographic structure for offspring overlap with oil النص الكامل
2018
Stige, Leif Christian | Ottersen, Geir | Yaragina, Nathalia A. | Vikebø, Frode Bendiksen | Stenseth, Nils Christian | Langangen, Øystein
It has been proposed that the multiple pressures of fishing and petroleum activities impact fish stocks in synergy, as fishing-induced demographic changes in a stock may lead to increased sensitivity to detrimental effects of acute oil spills. High fishing pressure may erode the demographic structure of fish stocks, lead to less diverse spawning strategies, and more concentrated distributions of offspring in space and time. Hence an oil spill may potentially hit a larger fraction of a year-class of offspring. Such a link between demographic structure and egg distribution was recently demonstrated for the Northeast Arctic stock of Atlantic cod for years 1959–1993. We here estimate that this variation translates into a two-fold variation in the maximal proportion of cod eggs potentially exposed to a large oil spill. With this information it is possible to quantitatively account for demographic structure in prospective studies of population effects of possible oil spills.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]