خيارات البحث
النتائج 801 - 810 من 1,955
Direct measurement of dissolved N2 and denitrification along a subtropical river-estuary gradient, China النص الكامل
2013
Wu, Jiezhong | Chen, Nengwang | Hong, Huasheng | Lu, Ting | Wang, Longjian | Chen, Zhuhong
The spatial pattern and seasonal variation of denitrification were investigated during 2010–2011 in the Jiulong River Estuary (JRE) in southeast China. Dissolved N2 was directly measured by changes in the N2:Ar ratio. The results showed that excess dissolved N2 ranged from −9.9 to 76.4μmolL−1. Tidal mixing leads to a seaward decline of dissolved gaseous concentrations and water–air fluxes along the river-estuary gradient. Denitrification at freshwater sites varied between seasons, associated with changes in N input and water temperature. The denitrification process was controlled by the nitrate level at freshwater sites, and the excess dissolved N2 observed at the tidal zone largely originated from upstream water transport. Compared to other estuaries, JRE has a relative low gaseous removal efficiency (Ed=12% of [DIN]; annual N removal=24% of DIN load), a fact ascribed to strong tidal mixing, coarse-textured sediment with shallow depth before bedrock and high riverine DIN input.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Satellite observations and modeling of oil spill trajectories in the Bohai Sea النص الكامل
2013
Xu, Qing | Li, Xiaofeng | Wei, Yongliang | Tang, Zeyan | Cheng, Yongcun | Pichel, William G.
On June 4 and 17, 2011, separate oil spill accidents occurred at two oil platforms in the Bohai Sea, China. The oil spills were subsequently observed on different types of satellite images including SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), Chinese HJ-1-B CCD and NASA MODIS. To illustrate the fate of the oil spills, we performed two numerical simulations to simulate the trajectories of the oil spills with the GNOME (General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment) model. For the first time, we drive the GNOME with currents obtained from an operational ocean model (NCOM, Navy Coastal Ocean Model) and surface winds from operational scatterometer measurements (ASCAT, the Advanced Scatterometer). Both data sets are freely and openly available. The initial oil spill location inputs to the model are based on the detected oil spill locations from the SAR images acquired on June 11 and 14. Three oil slicks are tracked simultaneously and our results show good agreement between model simulations and subsequent satellite observations in the semi-enclosed shallow sea. Moreover, GNOME simulation shows that the number of ‘splots’, which denotes the extent of spilled oil, is a vital factor for GNOME running stability when the number is less than 500. Therefore, oil spill area information obtained from satellite sensors, especially SAR, is an important factor for setting up the initial model conditions.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Testing different ecological scenarios in a temperate estuary: A contribution towards the implementation of the Ecological Potential assessment النص الكامل
2013
Veríssimo, Helena | Patrício, Joana | Teixeira, Heliana | Carriço, Ana | Marques, João Carlos
The concept of Ecological Potential was explored using the macrobenthic communities of the Mondego estuary (Portugal). Different scenarios (loss of a primary producer and intertidal habitat, and habitat modification due to hydromorphological changes and continued press perturbation) were tested to predict changes in the biology if hydromorphological pressures could be reversed, assuming that differences with and without the pressure could indicate the potential.Results showed noticeable changes in the system biology in each scenario. The approach followed, indicates that when data sets exist, differences in the measurement of ecological status with and without the hydromorphological change could be a way forward to determine the potential. In the particular case of the Mondego estuary, the South arm (physically unaltered water body) proved to be richer than the North (HMWB). For the Ecological Potential determination, the South arm could thus be used to derive and adjust future reference conditions for the North.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]The effects of mercury on the dynamics of the peracarida community in a temperate coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) النص الكامل
2013
Cardoso, P.G. | D’Ambrosio, M. | Marques, S.C. | Azeiteiro, U.M. | Coelho, J.P. | Pereira, E.
The effects of mercury on the dynamics of the peracarida community in a temperate coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) النص الكامل
2013
Cardoso, P.G. | D’Ambrosio, M. | Marques, S.C. | Azeiteiro, U.M. | Coelho, J.P. | Pereira, E.
This study focuses on the impact of mercury on the dynamics and bioaccumulation patterns of suprabenthic peracarida community along a mercury gradient. Suprabenthic peracarida was negatively affected in terms of biomass, diversity and productivity. Mysids including Mesopodopsis slabberi dominated the community, presenting a regular distribution along the Hg gradient, so are considered tolerant species to mercury. Then, isopods, the second most abundant group, dominated in the most contaminated areas being considered also a tolerant group. Contrarily, amphipods were negatively correlated with higher Hg concentrations, dominating in the intermediate areas, thus are considered more sensitive species. In addition, isopods and amphipods were the taxa with higher mercury body burden, followed by mysids. This paper highlights the importance of suprabenthic peracarida as a vehicle of mercury transference through the estuarine trophic web since it is a main link between benthic and pelagic levels and an essential food resource for numerous fish species.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]The effects of mercury on the dynamics of the peracarida community in a temperate coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) النص الكامل
1000 | 2013
Cardoso, P G | D’Ambrosio, M | Marques, S C | Azeiteiro, U M | Coelho, J P | Pereira, E
This study focuses on the impact of mercury on the dynamics and bioaccumulation patterns of suprabenthic peracarida community along a mercury gradient. Suprabenthic peracarida was negatively affected in terms of biomass, diversity and productivity. Mysids including Mesopodopsis slabberi dominated the community, presenting a regular distribution along the Hg gradient, so are considered tolerant species to mercury. Then, isopods, the second most abundant group, dominated in the most contaminated areas being considered also a tolerant group. Contrarily, amphipods were negatively correlated with higher Hg concentrations, dominating in the intermediate areas, thus are considered more sensitive species. In addition, isopods and amphipods were the taxa with higher mercury body burden, followed by mysids. This paper highlights the importance of suprabenthic peracarida as a vehicle of mercury transference through the estuarine trophic web since it is a main link between benthic and pelagic levels and an essential food resource for numerous fish species.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]The effects of mercury on the dynamics of the peracarida community in a temperate coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal)
Valuing the European ‘coastal blue carbon’ storage benefit النص الكامل
2013
Luisetti, T. | Jackson, E.L. | Turner, R.K.
‘Blue’ carbon ecosystems are important carbon storage providers that are currently not protected by any international mechanism, such as REDD. This study aims to contribute to raising awareness in the political domain about the ‘blue’ carbon issue. This analysis also provides guidance in terms of how to value stock and flows of ecosystem services adding to the debate begun by the Costanza et al. (1997) paper in Nature. Through scenario analysis we assess how human welfare benefits will be affected by changes in the European coastal blue carbon stock provision. The current extent of European coastal blue carbon has an accounting stock value of about US$180million. If EU Environmental Protection Directives continue to be implemented and effectively enforced, society will gain an appreciating asset over time. However, a future policy reversal resulting in extensive ecosystem loss could mean economic value losses as high as US$1billion by 2060.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]The role of highly sratified nutrient-rich small estuaries as a source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to coastal seawater, the Qishon (SE Mediterranean) case النص الكامل
2013
Eliani-Russak, Efrat | Herut, Barak | Sivan, Orit
We studied the role of small, highly stratified, sulfate and nutrient enriched estuaries, as a source or sink of inorganic nitrogen species, using the Qishon estuary at the Mediterranean coast of Israel, as a case study. Measurements of nutrient concentrations, δ15N and δ18O of nitrate+nitrite, δ13CDIC and δ18OH2O were performed during 2008–2009 along the upper-fresh and lower-saline water masses, as well as sediment porewater depth-profiles. Such estuaries are characterized by relatively low removal flux of NO3- (via sedimentary denitrification) and enhanced (×3) upward flux of NH4+ (via sulfate reduction), attributed to the penetration of seawater of low NO3- and high dissolved oxygen and sulfate concentrations. The role of such small estuaries in releasing dissolved inorganic nitrogen, especially in sensitive oligotrophic areas as the Levantine basin and in the long-term, as a result of enhanced seawater penetration due to the expected sea level rise, has important environmental policy implications.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Classifying risk zones by the impacts of oil spills in the coastal waters of Thailand النص الكامل
2013
Singkran, Nuanchan
Risk zones that could be subject to the impacts of oil spills were identified at a national scale across the 23 coastal provinces of Thailand based on the average percentage risk of critical variables, including frequency of oil spill incidents, number of ports, number of local boats, number of foreign boats, and presence of important resources (i.e., protection area, conservation area, marine park, mangrove, aquaculture, coral reef, seagrass, seagull, seabird, sea turtle, dugong, dolphin, whale, guitar fish, and shark). Risks at the local scale were determined based on the frequency of simulated oil slicks hitting the coast and/or important resources. Four zones with varied risk magnitudes (low, moderate, high, and very high) were mapped to guide the preparation of effective plans to minimize oil spill incidents and impacts in coastal waters. Risk maps with sufficient information could be used to improve regulations related to shipping and vessel navigation in local and regional seas.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Droplet breakup in subsurface oil releases – Part 1: Experimental study of droplet breakup and effectiveness of dispersant injection النص الكامل
2013
Brandvik, Per Johan | Johansen, Øistein | Leirvik, Frode | Farooq, Umer | Daling, Per S.
Size distribution of oil droplets formed in deep water oil and gas blowouts have strong impact on the fate of the oil in the environment. However, very limited data on droplet distributions from subsurface releases exist. The objective of this study has been to establish a laboratory facility to study droplet size versus release conditions (rates and nozzle diameters), oil properties and injection of dispersants (injection techniques and dispersant types). This paper presents this facility (6m high, 3m wide, containing 40m3 of sea water) and introductory data. Injection of dispersant lowers the interfacial tension between oil and water and cause a significant reduction in droplet size. Most of this data show a good fit to existing Weber scaling equations. Some interesting deviations due to dispersant treatment are further analyzed and used to develop modified algorithms for predicting droplet sizes in a second paper (Johansen et al., 2013).
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Recent innovation in microbial source tracking using bacterial real-time PCR markers in shellfish النص الكامل
2013
Mauffret, A. | Mieszkin, S. | Morizur, M. | Alfiansah, Y. | Lozach, S. | Gourmelon, M.
Recent innovation in microbial source tracking using bacterial real-time PCR markers in shellfish النص الكامل
2013
Mauffret, A. | Mieszkin, S. | Morizur, M. | Alfiansah, Y. | Lozach, S. | Gourmelon, M.
We assessed the capacity of real-time PCR markers to identify the origin of contamination in shellfish. Oyster, cockles or clams were either contaminated with fecal materials and host-associated markers designed from Bacteroidales or Catellicoccus marimammalium 16S RNA genes were extracted from their intravalvular liquid, digestive tissues or shellfish flesh. Extraction of bacterial DNA from the oyster intravalvular liquid with FastDNA spin kit for soil enabled the selected markers to be quantified in 100% of artificially contaminated samples, and the source of contamination to be identified in 13 out of 38 naturally contaminated batches from European Class B and Class C areas. However, this protocol did not enable the origin of the contamination to be identified in cockle or clam samples. Although results are promising for extracts from intravalvular liquid in oyster, it is unlikely that a single protocol could be the best across all bacterial markers and types of shellfish.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Recent innovation in microbial source tracking using bacterial real-time PCR markers in shellfish النص الكامل
2013
Mauffret, Aourell | Mieszkin, Sophie | Morizur, Mael | Alfiansah, Yustian Rovi | Lozach, Solen | Gourmelon, Michele
We assessed the capacity of real-time PCR markers to identify the origin of contamination in shellfish. Oyster, cockles or clams were either contaminated with fecal materials and host-associated markers designed from Bacteroidales or Catellicoccus marimammalium 16S RNA genes were extracted from their intravalvular liquid, digestive tissues or shellfish flesh. Extraction of bacterial DNA from the oyster intravalvular liquid with FastDNA spin kit for soil enabled the selected markers to be quantified in 100% of artificially contaminated samples, and the source of contamination to be identified in 13 out of 38 naturally contaminated batches from European Class B and Class C areas. However, this protocol did not enable the origin of the contamination to be identified in cockle or clam samples. Although results are promising for extracts from intravalvular liquid in oyster, it is unlikely that a single protocol could be the best across all bacterial markers and types of shellfish. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Multi-metric index based on the seagrass Zostera noltii (ZoNI) for ecological quality assessment of coastal and estuarine systems in SW Iberian Peninsula النص الكامل
2013
García-Marín, Patricia | Cabaço, Susana | Hernández, Ignacio | Vergara, Juan J. | Silva, João | Santos, Rui
The aim of this study was to develop an ecological quality index based on the seagrass Zostera noltii (ZoNI) according to the WFD requirements. Eleven Z. noltii meadows of SW Iberian Peninsula under contrasting levels of anthropogenic disturbance were considered: 5 sites in Ria Formosa (Portugal), and 6 sites in Spain (Huelva and Cadiz). Environmental quality was assessed through nutrients of the water column and seagrass variables from different organization levels; those variables were analyzed using PCA (47% of explained variance on the first component) to calculate the ecological quality ratio (that was significantly correlated to the environmental variables, R2=0.51, p<0.01) and the ecological quality status of the sites. As a result, 4 sites were classified as good, 6 sites as moderate and 3 sites as poor ecological status. The developed index ZoNI showed to be suitable to assess the ecological status of estuarine and coastal systems in SW Iberian Peninsula reflecting their water quality.
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