Second to Black Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis), Moko (Pseudomonas solanacearum race 2) is the most threatening disease to plantains and bananas. No resistance has been found on commercial varieties. It is present throughout Central America, as well as in Trinidad, Grenada, Brazil, Surinam, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru and suspected in the Dominican Republic. Its detailed distribution in Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru is described. Symptoms, pathogenesis and survival of race 2, which is pathogenic and divided into SFR, the major disease agent on bluggoe, and A and B are described. Disease control by elimination of diseased plants by glyphosate injections is detailed. Good control was achieved in 70 % of infected farms with a 90 day fallow after injection

The leaf spot diseases of bananas and plantains, Sigatoka and Black Sigatoka, caused by Mycosphaerella musicola and M. fijiensis var. difformis are distributed worldwide and only in Central America respectively. Epidemiological studies are described in detail including seventy of the pathogens at different sites and correlation with climatic data. Susceptibilities of different banana and plantain genomic groups were found to be nearly identical for both diseases except that Black Sigatoka is more virulent so that both pathogens occupy the same ecological niche. A method developed to test the susceptibility of musa clones to Black Sigatoka using plantlets derived from shoot tip culture is described