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Precise levelling across the Lielupe and Daugava Rivers
2011
Celms, A., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia) | Kronbergs, M., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia)
In Latvia, Class 1 levelling network crosses major rivers. In the places where the river cannot be crossed over the bridge, the levelling across the river should be done directly. The paper describes the methodology, the applied instruments and the results of levelling performed across the Lielupe and Daugava rivers. The levelling across the Daugava River at the creek, where the length of the sight reaches 700 m, was performed simultaneously with two Ni002 levellers. To facilitate the reading of the levelling rod, across the river, a special scale type mark was constructed and fitted on a levelling rod. It was concluded that for the levelling across up to 200-m-wide rivers, levelling rods with 3-mm-wide stripes can be successfully used. The scale type mark makes significantly easier and speeds up the measurements. Under unfavourable weather conditions, measurements performed across the Daugava at the creek were less accurate. There was no explanation for the difference in the elevations measured by the two instruments; therefore, further careful studies of both levellers are needed.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Road landscape modelling
2018
Vugule, K., Latvia Univ. of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava (Latvia) | Mengots, A., Latvia Univ. of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava (Latvia) | Stokmane, I., Latvia Univ. of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava (Latvia)
Road landscapes can be considered important resources for place development. They create impression about the infrastructure of places and transport, which is an important aspect of attracting investment and tourism development. Yet this field of landscape planning and design is hardly studied and needs more attention in Latvia. Institutions at different planning levels and from several fields of expertise are involved in road landscape development. In order to achieve successful cooperation among all the parties involved, it is necessary to reflect the information about road landscape development in the way that it can be easily perceived and understood. Studies in landscape perception prove that people perceive visual information about landscape design and planning better than textual information and regular maps. The purpose of the paper is to introduce with a method of three dimensional (3D) road landscape modelling, developed by authors as a tool for road landscape design aesthetic evaluation, which can be used to demonstrate design variants to wider public and stakeholders. We demonstrate what kind of data are necessary for road landscape modelling, how they are obtained and processed, why certain modelling programs are chosen. The methodology, problems, which occurred during the modelling, and the chosen solutions are described. Results show that chosen methodology is appropriate for large scale projects. The experience gained from the project helps to evaluate the suitability of certain computer programs for road landscape planning and design.
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