The necessity of the research is to determine by the fact in Latvia there is a strong growth in bank credit to the private sector like in several transition countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Its implications for macroeconomic development and financial stability can be ambiguous. The aim of the research is to find possible scenarios for positive credit (to private sector) growth implications for macroeconomic development and financial stability in Latvia. Attainment of the objective comprises analysis of available statistical data about Latvia, identification of factors affecting bank credit growth following up some recent researches and modelling scenarios how the credit growth could facilitate further economic development in Latvia. This paper presents only recent trends in bank credit to the private sector in Latvia and evaluates some of the factors affecting these trends. It does not provide updated practical models and scenarios because the research has been started only recently.

The aim of the paper is to analyze relationship between international trade and the correlation of the business cycles between Baltic countries and their main trading partners. Two univariate methods are used to extract cyclical components in the time series: exponential smoothing procedure the Hodrick-Prescott filter and unobserved components method. A simple regression model proves the hypothesis that trade intensity has led to business cycle synchronization. The main conclusion is that there exists a strong correlation between the business cycles of the Baltic countries. However, the economic cycle of Baltic countries is different from that of their main trading partners in EU. According to Optimum Currency Area theory, these results cast doubts on the usefulness of adopting the euro in the Baltic countries in the near future. On the other hand, recently the deepening of economic integration has led to make intense trade between the Baltic countries and the EU, which may eventually imply more synchronised cycles in the future.

The changes taking place in economics, its internationalisation, development of information and progress of science and technique determine the necessity to raise the country's economic competitiveness, as the result of it the level of life will rise. It is relevant for Latvia to be aware of its advantages and potential competitiveness in order to carry out appropriate macroeconomic policy and favour the introduction of appropriate macroeconomic as well as social policy. The main advantage for providing more rapid development is the fact that Latvia is a small country, able to adopt flexibly, the demand of economic environment where it is easier to achieve a compromise with society. As well as the fact that it is characteristic for the population of Latvia to have a constant tendency towards better life. The way in which Latvia will be able to use its comparative advantages in context of EU market will determine the progress of the national economy including agriculture. At the moment, several problems, which are to be solved, have already appeared in agriculture. The more rapid introduction of technologies of information communication (ICT) in agriculture could be one of the ways to solve the problem. It would provide the development for both economic and social spheres motivating exchange of information, expanding of the market, increasing of production quality, improving work organisation in enterprises, and providing more possibilities for education. To carry out the questioning of students of the Latvia University of Agriculture in the course of study in order to find out the level of ICT application among students, as well as to obtain information about ICT application in the process of education.

Agricultural development based on the laws of market economy enhances a change in the point of view on land as real property and search for optimal variants of its possible usage. As a large part of all agricultural land has been drained, efficient functioning of water regime regulation means is one of the essential factors determining the possibilities of land use as well as its value. Land areas where land reclamation structures are in good condition and do not needs to be repaired or reconstructed will always be of higher demand under the conditions of market economy. Present prices of agricultural land do not show the value of land reclamation systems. Therefore a complex land assessment is needed in respect of the present condition of land reclamation structures, its age and probabilities of failures.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the application possibilities of berries marc in wheat bread making to improve its quality. Sensory evaluation was used to determine the liking degree of bread with berries marc. Twenty samples of wheat bread with raspberries, white currants, gooseberries and seabuckthorn marc were produced by using standard technology. A 9 point hedonic scale was used to find out the degree of liking. The sensory data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. The results of hedonic scaling show that berries marc (5-10% of the flour mass) can be used in baking wheat bread.

To select new sea-buckthorn hybrids and forms with increased content of biologically active substances, breeding work with sea-buckthorn hybrid seedlings is carried out in Latvia. The aim of this research was to study the vitamin C and total carotenes content in sea-buckthorn juice and its stability at different pasteurization temperatures with several durations. For study 6 sea buckthorn hybrids from 3 hybrid families were used. Vitamin C and total carotenes were determined in freshly made juice and with pasteurization at 65 deg C, 75 deg C and 85 deg C for 30, 20 and 10 minutes respectively. After processing the data obtained, it was found that vitamin C and total carotene content did not alter significantly depending on pasteurization temperature and duration. For further research 3-sea-buckthorn hybrids have been selected with the highest content of vitamin C and total carotenes.

The effect of some ingredients on stability of butter during its storage time has been investigated in order to better evaluate the functionality of confectionery. The research established that butter does not contain enough free fatty acids, derived as a result of hydrolysis, to decrease the number of mould and group of Enterobacteriaceae, but they hinder the growth of yeast and aerobic mesophilic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms. The quality of the products can be provided and propagation of microorganisms can be hindered by the comounds that are not traditional preservatives, such as vanilin and glucose syrop. A 10% glucose syrup additive worked as the facilitator of the development of microorganisms because it increased growth of aerobic mesophilic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, 50% of glucose syrup additive worked as the procrastinator of the development of microorganisms.

Turkey is a mountainous country with many high mountains. Recent estimations show that there are approximately 20.7 million ha of forested area in Turkey, covering 25.8% of the total land area. However, little over half of this forested area is classified as unproductive (51.7%). Artvin is located in the North Eastern Black Sea part of Turkey and is the home of a very rich biological diversity. Forests in Artvin region are in different climatic zones - from temperate climate to continental climate zone - and there are several vegetation zones in the region which ranges from sea level to the altitude of 3500 m. A Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantation, planted in 1996 in the alpine zone in Artvin-Ardanuc region, was investigated. The size of study area was 40 ha and this research was done on 12 sample plots. There were 50 Scotch pine seedlings on each sample plot. Height and root collar diameter of the seedlings were measured. The mean slope was the same (60%) on the sample plots, and the effects of exposure and altitude significantly affected the height and root collar diameter growth of the seedlings (P is less than 0.05). It was determined that increased altitude is associated with decreased height growth and root collar diameter of the seedlings.

Nowadays the industrial society changes over to the information society. The introduction of elements from distance education and e-studies is an effective means in updating traditional education system in higher educational establishments of Latvia. Due to the decrease of the amount of contact classes and increase of the share of independent work, the version of studies of a mixed-mode type (the introduction of separate elements from the distance education and e-studies in traditional subjects of studies) is the most appropriate types of education in higher educational establishments of Latvia. Hence new study materials elaborated exactly to cover the needs of independent active studies with feedback are required. The techniques type of study materials has to be acceptable for students of different age groups. The aims and tasks are to be clearly defined in the study materials for distance education and e-studies. Tests and examinations are carried out to state whether the aims and tasks are fulfilled. The objective of tests and exams is not a severe evaluation of student knowledge but the analysis of made mistakes. With the introduction the elements of distance education and e-studies in the process of teaching and learning of subjects in higher educational establishments, the students from towns and country will have greater possibilities to acquire knowledge at the speed, time and place most suitable for them.

Rural tourism is becoming more and more important in Latvia and Europe, where rural environment changes, began already more than a couple of decennaries ago. Current trends in development of tourism are favourable for lasting development of rural tourism in the whole European Union. Rural tourim in Latvia extremely popular, because it includes both recreational and cognitive elements of tourism, and takes place in countryside. It gives people a chance to become acquainted witg a country lifestyle, the process of production and be in touch with nature, be able to obtain strength and take emotional pleasure in the energy of nature. The study course "Rural tourism" is lectures both in Latvia's, and foreign higher educational establishments. This course usually is the free choice study object. The aim of the work is to observe study course "Rural tourism" aims and describe the content of this study course in higher educational establishments in Baltic States and North Europe.