In this article, the “urban network and inter connected area “ was introduced as an approach to add the spatial and location dimensions to current regional planning practices. With inquiry of theoretical framework of those approach, this article is going to try to show the weakness of traditional method about hierarchical clustering of settlement. Also applying new approach about Qom province and determination of hierarchical clustering of settlements in this province is another purpose of this article. Outcomes of the article show that new approach with special highlight on spatial and location factors is precise method in relation to tradition method.

Many human activities due to the lack of consideration in environmental restrictions on the landscape ecology are influential and have severe environmental effects on natural ecosystems. This study was conducted to investigate the trend of changes in landscape ecology in Dehloran, Ilam. For developing maps of Land cover, and analyzing the changes, we used, respectively, the satellite images of (1985) TM and (2007) ETM + were applied and landscape metrics of class area, density of patches, number of patches, mean of patches size, edge density and mean of shape index Various class-level landscape pattern metrics were calculated using FRAGTATS, in order to analyze landscape fragmentation. The analysis of landscape metrics revealed that the extensive replacement of fair rangelands by agricultural lands, rangelands, residential areas and barren lands. The results showed that increase in the number of patches and decrease in the mean of the area size was an important indicator of significant index of degradation, and the process of degradation and destruction of landscape ecology was in an increase mood. Therefore the results necessitated paying attention to the quality of land use and cover in the region for to exploit natural resources appropriately and sustainably.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the contexts and barriers to smart growth in Khorramabad city center has been developed as a town, Method employing descriptive - survey is based on a library of resources. Based on the results of the survey show those respondents' views; The most significant growth potential of applying intelligent city of Khorramabad can be admitted in terms of demand and incentives, he said. Physical and environmental conditions Khorramabad as the potential for growth of smart cities are considered. The most significant barriers to smart growth policies in the city, including factors such as: Approaches to management, application distribution (distribution of their improper), and the cultural situation - socially and economically dominant city. It could have access to smart technology can play an important role in improving the living conditions of citizens may buy land.This will involve addressing important issues such as changes in system planning, urban management practices, infrastructure and culture is given.

The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of development in partial of Bandar-Abbas city, using degradation model and analytical capability of GIS. In this regard, firstly the study area was divided into 149 grid cells of 900 hectares (6×6 cm; on map of 1:50000 scale). Then, on the basis of degradation model, destruction coefficients have been calculated in all units of network. Ecological vulnerability has been calculated and classified by using biophysical maps. Then, in the next stage, destruction factors has been determined and calculated also physiological density has been calculated and in final, destruction coefficients have been calculated in all impact units. The results show that 130 units (87.23%) of network; need to be restoration and 18 units (12.07%) require protective actions. In the study area, areas with prone to develop has achieved very small percentage (0.67%). This paper suggested applying environmental educations for beneficiaries and attractive their collaborations, to set environmental management system in industrial factories, and to apply environmental capability evaluation and supervising on implement of state land use plans and EIA to prevent of the destruction.

Increasing young population and rising unemployment has led to employment and related indicators of serious problems and controversial country. In conjunction with the study and research on employment provinces, a variety of variables and factors involved and It seems that the lack of balance in the distribution of these variables, social inequality, economic, political and cultural between the provinces follow. Indices of employment in the provinces spatial distribution of employment index shows. The main purpose of this study is to clarification social inequalities of employment for equal distribution of possibilities in provinces. In this paper 55 softened are used. Variables dropped to 10 by means of advanced statistics methods such as factor analysis and presented in combination with meaningful factors. The importance of every factor is given too. Then the country provinces were divided into five equal classes by the cluster analysis model. The research results indicate this fact that there are serious imbalances in the country. So that in terms of employment Tehran province is in the first and south Khorasan province in the last place.