The government system of' Iran is centralized, and because in unitary and single power states, the security of political center (capital) with the total security of political system (National Security) has a direct relationship, the capital movement in Iran becomes important from two aspects; the first is to organize Tehran city and balance urban and regional system of the country and the second is to maintain the political security of the country. Capital movement from Tehran to other cities has been among the issues for more than 220 years but nothing has been done for some reasons. The aim of this paper which is written by descriptive – analyzing and survey method is to identify the main obstacles and the challenges of processing the capital and to present the strategies to remove the obstacles. So 7 elements as Economic, political, security, executive, social-cultural, legal and natural-ecological elements are selected in 55 items and are weighed by the academic elite people. After analyzing the information and using the structural equations model the results showed that the legal factor holding 10 items has the most direct (0/089) and indirect effect and the natural-ecological factor has the least effect (0/033) in moving the capital. Also the results of the network analyzing model for preference survey showed that the experts give priority to executive obstacles which hold final weigh 0/218 and compatibility rate 0/022 stands at the first grade in the priority survey of the obstacles.

Although Iran has a strategic position in the Middle East and there are threats of neighboring and non-neighboring countries, projects and economic infrastructures have been established without proper defensive considerations and are targets for enemy threats and other offensive actions. The present study is an applied and developmental research that aims to study and scrutinize the vulnerability of infrastructures in Ardabil province from the perspective of passive defense. Moreover, analytic network process (ANP) approach is used in GIS environment with elements of physical and biological environment, accessibility, and infrastructures in order to carry out the research. The results of spatial pattern analysis and vulnerability zoning show that the spatial distribution of infrastructure in Ardabil province is cluster type (non-dispersive) and in terms of vulnerability, 7% of Ardabil province is located in highly vulnerable areas which are themselves among the most densely populated places with high amounts of established infrastructures. This is due to poor physical indicators and lack of sufficient managerial, industrial, and military institutions in these areas of the Ardabil province.

The consideration of Tehran metropolis and its soundings areas has been the first one of recent challenges in Iran’s spatial planning which made it possible to develop the concepts such metropolitan region and conurbation. However, it is obvious that there appears to be a much more proper structure due to neo-regionalism and globalization in order to understanding of dynamic nature of Tehran and its surrounding. Nowadays, spatial phenomena have probably influenced by the physical and political boundaries which did not make the functional nature of interactions of these regions. City- region is among concepts that have not received due attention in recent years and was only discussed and presented in academic circles. This is perhaps a result of too much focus on the issues within cities. This paper has tried to present an optimum city-region spatial model that matches the spatial structure of our country as much as possible. After determining the required indexes by using of 85 city points in 250 kilometers distances from Tehran, the spatial boundaries of Tehran city-region is determined through flow analysis and estimations of distance from center and finally, by the using of analytical and adaptive methods the spatial model for Tehran city- region, with two cores and 41 peripheral cities will be presented. It is the functional foot print of Tehran metropolis based on daily and weekly commuting by a spatial logic.

Creating and preserving large patches in land use configuration and satisfying compactness and contiguity in land use configuration are nature-prescribed and nature-inspired criteria that can be used in land use planning better that before. Accompanying compactness and contiguity as the important landscape metrics in land use planning and land use configuration is close to applying proactive approaches rather than assessing the intense of Human activities' impacts on environment after its altering. To explain how to introduce compactness and contiguity to a land use configuration study, we assume the study area as a matrix that every cell or pixel of the matrix has the color or value that shows the type of land use. In this situation, the compact configuration will be made if the same color or value pixels are located adjacent to each other. With respect to this premise we defined some equations to achieve compactness and contiguity in land use configuration. Finally, we tested the equations in applied case of land use planning in a part of Gorgan Township. We applied hybrid of linear programming and ant colony algorithms for testing suggested method. The results show that the method can be succeeded in achieving these criteria.

In the present research land use changes modeling in the Urmia city is considered in order to detect changes in agricultural lands. In this regard, Landsat satellite images were used and then the object base processing satellite images was performed by applying the process segmentation and in the next stage, the optimization of scale segmentation and image analysis to its constituent elements, the object basic algorithms according to the physical condition, geometric of each land-use classes were used. During images processing in addition to spectral data, the data in the form of homogeneous, shape and texture (GLCM) were used for land use extraction. The results show that the Urmia city had so many physical expand in the past 31 years so that its area has increased from 7.43% of the total study area in 1363 to 30.75 in 1394. This increase was rectify by the reduction of agricultural lands so that  large amount of agricultural lands have been used for construction purposes which has caused land degradation, particularly fertile lands in this area, particularly within the Shahr chay river, Mahabad road, Sero road, Darya road and the  road of Salmas.

In the recent decades, the effect of dry climate of Iran is due to expanding desertification in this country. The countryside of Kerman has selected for this survey. For investigating of amount of deserts generation around this city after geometric and radiometric studying، the image of Landsat ETM + 2009 and aerial photos at a scale of 1: 5000, preparing of basic maps of earth and vegetation covers maps. To estimate of the severity level of desertification in Kerman, The indicator of Urban and industrial development based on IMDPA , that including density of roads and mines, amount of green space and changing to pasture and forest land. After that giving score to this parameters did upon its affect for destroying and desertification.Finally, in GIS software, with using analytic functions required based on IMDPA. Land area were classified in terms of desertification. The results show that the effects of desertification land in Kerman city can be classified to three section، critical , medium and low.

The present era is an era when rapid and amazing changes due to the rapid advancement of science and technology, political decisions by governments and other macro and micro factors arrive quickly which have a profound impact on the dominant trends. So, for the formulation of regional development scenarios in such era, realistic and systematic knowledge in the strategic area of ​​ planning seems to be essential. Using developmental approach and applying systems theory, the researcher in this study aimed to evaluate and analyze the development strategic variables of Mazandaran province as the main variables of scenario planning for regional development in horizon 1410. The methodology of this study is structural analysis. It is a qualitative research in terms of nature of the data, and a survey and documentary one in terms of methods of data collection. Cross analysis are used to analyze data by use of MICMAC software. The results indicate that the key and strategic variables of Mazandaran province development in Horizon 1410 includes: "the way of country’s macro management ," "inflation," "the way of managing the province", "Research & Development (R & D)", "level of IT (information technology)", "population", and finally "inter-institutional cooperation ". Meanwhile, the key capabilities and the priorities of the development of the province in Horizon 1410 include: "Crops", "gardens and nursery ", "aquaculture", "special economic zone of Amirabad", "tourism", "Fereidoon'kenar Port", "AmirAbad Port ".

There is competition between land uses in spatial land use allocation. In this research two approaches including Multi Objective Land Allocation (MOLA) and optimization with Genetic Algorithm (GA) were used for conflict resolution. The MOLA approach is based on suitability and proximity to ideal point whereas in GA, a suitability layer together with a cohesion index was used for land use allocation. The output from MOLA application was fed into the GA approach as the initial population and contiguity index as a landscape metric was used in the process to improve the result. With inclusion of contiguity in the GA approach which is absent in MOLA, and has no precedence in Iran, the final patches in the land use pattern were compacter and better shaped. Results showed GA application using MOLA output improves landscape metrics specifications in the final land use plan. However, including landscape metrics compromises suitability for land use, but there is possibility of balancing suitability and landscape indices in the GA application process. The final layer created through GA showed capability of considering suitability and landscape metrics simultaneously in land use planning towards achieving an optimal solution.

The aim of the present study is to represent the strategies and approaches to develop the border areas of Sistan and Baluchistan Province. The research method was descriptive-analytic. Furthermore, the study was an applied research, documentary and field studies were the methods of data collection, and the research was performed in the form of questionnaire. The validity of it was reviewed and confirmed by 20 experts (experts in urban and rural planning, and land use). The model used in this research was a hybrid model of SWOT-ANP and SWOT- AHP. Thus, the capabilities and limitations of the land use of border areas were measured. In terms of development, has been made. To reach this goal, by using the technique of SWOT, the strengths and weaknesses (internal factors), and the opportunities and threats (external factors) were identified. By the use of ANP and AHP models, the external and internal factors were examined to adopt the best strategy (SO, WO, ST, and WT). The findings indicated that in the SWOT-ANP model, the SO strategy with the score weight of 0.28152, and the ST strategy with the score weight of 0.26573 were chosen as the most important strategy, and as the alternative strategy, respectively. Moreover, in the SWOT- AHP model, the ST strategy with the score weight of 0.705, and WO strategy with the score weight of 0.601 were chosen as the most important strategy, and as the alternative strategy, respectively.

Study of changes in the past and the destruction of resources and the feasibility and expected changes in the coming years can be planning and optimal use of resources and controlling non-fundamental changes in the future is an important step. The present study aimed to model the Behbahan using LCM city land use changes and Markov chain was used. In this regard, land use change detection using satellite images Landsat, ASTER and ETM+ (Image 2000) and OLI (Image 2014) was performed. Using logistic regression modeling and 6 variable power transmission, digital elevation models, slope, away from residential areas, the distance of agricultural, away from the road map and Evidence Likelihood was performed. For maps of the distance from residential areas, agricultural lands and away from the road distance analysis Euclidean distance and to evaluate the correlation between the independent variables and the dependent variable Cramer's correlation coefficient was used. The ROC indicator used to assess the validity of the model. Comparison of modeled area map with the map of 2014 shows the residential areas and agricultural land continues to be a growing trend will continue. As the residential area of 3157 hectares, 4180 hectares in 2014 to 15030 hectares to 20778 hectares of agricultural land increased. But the destruction of rangeland has not only not improved, but the intensity is much higher than the last.