Spatial justice of uses, or in other words, fair, wise, and balanced distribution of urban uses is one of the most important issues of urban planning. The present study is research in terms of purpose and analytical in nature. The library information of this research is collected from books and articles. For the analysis, the per capita index of service users was used, which was calculated and obtained in the GIS software. The statistical population of the research is the eight districts of Qom City. This research has tried to analyze the Spatial justice of service uses in the eight districts of Qom City with the ORESTE technique, based on indicators that are service uses per capita. For this purpose, the indicators were first weighted using Shannon's entropy method, the highest weight was assigned to tourism, and the lowest weight was assigned to the park. After weighing, the ORESTE technique was performed, and Region 7 had the highest and Region 6 had the lowest amount per capita. Then, with the dispersion coefficient, the two-by-two distribution per capita of the service uses of the regions was calculated, and the results showed that regions 2 and 8 have the highest and regions 5 and 7 have the lowest spatial distribution of service uses. Also, with the Spearman correlation coefficient, the correlation between the population of each region and the per capita service users was calculated, which showed a negative correlation, which means that as the population increases, the service users per capita decreases.

Considering the fact that the supply and demand of ecosystem services may be geographically different, therefore, the management of this spatial heterogeneity requires the evaluation and zoning of ecosystem services in the form of spatial maps. Accordingly, in the present study, the spatial distribution of ecosystem services in the mangrove forests of Khamir and Qeshm was evaluated and zoned. According to the results in this area, cultural services have the most points among the available services due to the high entertainment value. Therefore, among the examined criteria, leisure and nature tourism have more demand for spending leisure time and tourism due to its pristine landscapes, aesthetic values, education, recreation, etc. Likewise, among provisioning ‎ecosystem services, traditional fishing (Moshta) is scattered in most areas of this region within the main tributaries and estuaries and has the largest supply in the area.  This ecosystem service is important among the residents of the area, the reasons for which are the livelihood and economic dependence of the local people on this service. Finally, the prioritization of ecosystem services distribution in the studied areas demonstrated that the most services offered and with the highest priority in the area are related to cultural services. In this service, the highest priority is also given to the standard of recreation and nature tourism on the high class, and other services, including aesthetics, sense of place, heritage value, spiritual and religious value, education, and inspiration, are placed in the next priorities. Accordingly, zones that have a high density of mangrove habitats also have a high supply of cultural services. Therefore, examining the spatial distribution of ecosystem services through the evaluation and zoning of these valuable resources can help to correct the plan and protection of natural ecosystems to meet human needs.

The present study is a combination of documentary and survey methods in terms of applied purpose. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect the required information and data. Also, according to the purpose of the research, among the households of selected villages, 352 households have been determined as a sample using Cochran's formula. In particular, in this study, using Gephi and GIS spatial analysis software and network analysis methods, the flows and relationships mentioned in the study area have been analyzed in order to form a regional network based on links. And to integrate integrated rural-urban development. The results show that there is a direct correlation between flows and the level of development of rural settlements to form a regional channel. Spatial flows, especially economic flow, and population, have provided the background for urban-rural interactions in the study area, and in the first level network hierarchy, all cities and rural centers are subordinated to the Hanza urban center with the highest score in providing services. In fact, the lack of spatial development planning to regulate the relations and connections, and consequently the lack of attention to the role of the surrounding villages of Hanza, has caused us to not be able to direct the currents and factors that shape and influence these connections which pave the way for the development of the whole system.

The purpose of this research is to select temporary accommodation centers after the earthquake crisis to meet the needs of the victims. Therefore, this research has tried to identify temporary accommodation sites in District 22 of Tehran with the help of effective criteria. The required data has been obtained from the Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization and the results of the general population and housing census of 2017. The novelty of this research is to present a new combination approach to determine the effective criteria for locating temporary shelter sites. In this regard, the combination of geographically weighted regression (Gaussian and tri-cube kernels) with a binary particle swarm optimization algorithm was used. The recommended combination method is suitable for spatial regression problems because it is compatible with two unique properties of spatial data, i.e. spatial autocorrelation and spatial non-stationarity. The best value of the fitness function (1-R2) for Gaussian and tri-cube kernels was obtained at 0.04616 and 0.0097, respectively, which indicates the high compatibility of the tri-cube kernel with effective criteria. According to the obtained maps, Chitgar Park and Azadi Sports Complex are some of the widest and most suitable areas for the construction of temporary shelter sites after the earthquake crisis in the case study. By identifying temporary shelters, relevant organizations can provide the appropriate infrastructure for these selected centers so that there is no need to spend time to provide these services in the event of an earthquake.