Planners always face a set of spatial conflicts in allocation of land to a particular activity; this implies that a land may be used for two or more parallel applications. Currently in Town and Country Planning programs recognizing priorities in the land allocation process are modeled independently without considering the role of other land uses, and as potential land-use conflicts are an issue that has been ignored. The purpose of this study is to introduce and use the LUCIS model to identify land allocation priorities along with conflict modeling. To implement the model, with using the Python programming language an ArcGIS toolbox has been developed. Due to the developed system, defining inputs, weights and stakeholder priorities, land use modeling will be done automatically. Finally, priorities and also major conflicts in the study area have been identified. Results of this study show that, in addition to having the capabilities of other models in land suitability analysis, LUCIS can properly model existing conflicts. Therefore, it is recommended that a separate part under title "Identification of land suitability conflicts"  be specified in the descriptive setting of Town and Country Planning programs.

The process of proposing solutions to solve the problems of the capital, after undergoing different stages has reached to the law of feasibility study of transmission of the political center of the country and reorganization and decentralization of Tehran. The aim of this study is to address Article one of this law, and offering reorganization and decentralization pattern. The research method is descriptive and analytical and it is an applied research. Data collection was conducted by documents, and survey research. The results suggest that we should discard the first part of this law and replace it with the reorganization and decentralization solutions. Also the results indicate that items including lack of strict enforcement of existing laws, point-wise look to Tehran and not considering the urban area as a whole, lack of attention to the problematic aspects of centralization (economic aspects), lack of simultaneous development of organization and decentralization policies have all weakened the organization and decentralization policies to some extent. In this regard, the list of strategies were derived from literature review extracted and were screened using the Delphi method. Finally, 30 key strategies in the template of reorganization and decentralization pattern of Tehran was approved by Delphi panel members.

Spatial justice with scientific and humanitarian teachings, cause the weaknesses and strengths in different areas. Since most of the allocation and distribution of national and regional resources in the country through focused planning, The present study is an analysis of spatial justice of rural services in the Isfahan province. The research method is descriptive and analytic. The required data were collected through documents. This study, using the 8 Rural Services measures consists of 77 variables was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel. Validity of measures confirms using factor analysis and then used as input to numerical taxonomy technic. The obtained results using the GIS software were designed as a map and charts. In this research counties were divided into three groups in terms of distribution of rural services. The results indicated that there is inequality in the distribution of services and showed that rural services are not distributed fairly in the counties of Isfahan province. In other words, in the sparsely populated areas, focused service centers and in more densely populated areas, the lack of service evident. And for rural service delivery in the Isfahan province not pay any attention to important factors such as population.

Tourism is an important tool for development in the world. Many countries attention to their policies and programs, to continue the development of Tourism as an effective tool in political, cultural and economic developments. This study discusses the identification of key factors believable and optimal future in the future of Hamadan province's regional tourism. The study, in terms of functional purpose, In terms of type, combination of documentary and survey methods, In terms of nature, Based on new methods of futures studies, analysis and discoveries which uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative models has been done. Given the importance of this research, In this study, Structural Analysis, methods, Scenario Planning and Delphi have been used. The results showed that 14 key factor impressive the future of tourism development in Hamadan province. These factors based on a scenario analysis lead to 41 possible statuses. After analyzing the probable scenarios, 4111 scenarios with low probability, 14 believable scenario and 5 scenarios with high probability in the development of tourism in the Hamadan province were identified. Finally, Article provides strategies for the Hamadan province's tourism development.

In the present research land use changes modeling in the Urmia city is considered in order to detect changes in agricultural lands. In this regard, Landsat satellite images were used and then the object base processing satellite images was performed by applying the process segmentation and in the next stage, the optimization of scale segmentation and image analysis to its constituent elements, the object basic algorithms according to the physical condition, geometric of each land-use classes were used. During images processing in addition to spectral data, the data in the form of homogeneous, shape and texture (GLCM) were used for land use extraction. The results show that the Urmia city had so many physical expand in the past 31 years so that its area has increased from 7.43% of the total study area in 1363 to 30.75 in 1394. This increase was rectify by the reduction of agricultural lands so that  large amount of agricultural lands have been used for construction purposes which has caused land degradation, particularly fertile lands in this area, particularly within the Shahr chay river, Mahabad road, Sero road, Darya road and the  road of Salmas.

The present study has been conducted on Shemiranat county landscape, using lattice hexagon approach, for the first time, in order to achieve homogeneous units in degradation model. To this aim, with respect to the extent of the studied area, a lattice hexagon composed of 36 units (cells) was created and each grid cell was considered as a sub landscape. Next, ecological vulnerability, degradation agents and their severity was calculated for each cell, using landscape metrics and then classified and standardized based on fuzzy logic. Eventually, according to the obtained degradation coefficients, landscape zoning and analysis was done. Overall, 73 percent of the Shemiranat County was identified as with low degradation area which is developable with paying attention to ecological restrictions and buffers (distance of river valleys, main faults and protected areas). Also, 23 percent and 4 percent of the studied area was determined as need rehabilitation and needs protection, respectively. Using the lattice hexagon as the basis of landscape degradation assessment, in addition to more accurate calculation of metrics and estimation of the degradation coefficient, separately for each homogeneous cells, landscape degradation status and future development potential will be determined.

This article, with a focus on the change and transformation process of the approaches and trends affecting the new towns policy, scrutinizes the first and second generations of the new towns in reference to the South Korea as a case study. The first generation of new towns development in South Korea is associated with the rapid growth of urbanization, industrialization and subsequently economic increase of this country. Lack of housing and inadequate housing supply, formation and growth of the informal settlements especially in connection with Seoul, and the subsequent centralization in the Seoul metropolitan area are the main and significant urban challenges of South Korea in this period. The second generation of new towns has been planned first with the aim of housing supply as their main function in the capital region. These cities are the result of approach that follow the qualitative, gradual and planned development in the form of small scale but multiple projects compared to the past. Decentralization of Seoul and Seoul metropolitan area, integrated regional development, and ultimately the balance of South Korea’s national territory are the key purposes of this process, in terms of spatial planning.

One of the critical issues related to sustainable urban in twenty-first century, is the growth and development of the city in space and on this basis, the civil management was forced to think about urban development. Tehran metropolis with its growing, developing immersive and without physical, environmental instability surrounding the statue has arrived. One of the ways for decentralization and redistribution of the population and facilities thought in spatial planning is the, urban development and building new settlements around the metropolis which must meet the criteria of environmental, social, economic, physical, geographical distance, etc. be considered in studies not lead to environmental catastrophes. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and its target is applied using the K-means and FCM's clustering methods to check this important. To evaluate the quality of the environment and determine optimal sites for the development the new cities in Tehran province in 3 pm base (man-made environment, social environment, economic environment and the natural environment) with a total of 22 indexes are used. The analysis and processing of indices for the paper two environments Matlab2013 and Arc GIS software was done. The results of clustering using FCM and overlay in the form of maps showing which areas are suitable for urban development in the East and South of Tehran. Also the plan was prepared by K-means that we can be used to provide strategies and integrated management areas.

In Iran, Urban land use planning is done in format of the comprehensive and detailed plan but, even after near fifty years of development of land use plan, there are still critiques together with some revisions in legal proceedings, content and procedures. This article is a study of evaluation of urban land use planning in current decade and specifically assesses urban land use planning in Bojnord’s detailed plan with indices of Place check and Needs assessment. Results of Placecheck indicate that only 7.92 percent of proposed land uses are fulfilled, while 34.8 percent have been abandoned and 57.28 percent underwent change of land use. Therefore, it can be concluded that Placecheck of uses has played a very small role. Result of Needs assessment index also signifies that 47.61 percent of the surface areas have realized proposed use. This shows that Needs assessment has equally failed but, compared to the other index, a flexible locality of uses contributes to realization of proposed plans. In the following and in form of interviews with executers, various obstacles on the way of realization, problems like land ownership, insufficient correspondence between planners and executers, and inadequate legal surveillance and obligations were indentified.

The aim of the present study is to represent the strategies and approaches to develop the border areas of Sistan and Baluchistan Province. The research method was descriptive-analytic. Furthermore, the study was an applied research, documentary and field studies were the methods of data collection, and the research was performed in the form of questionnaire. The validity of it was reviewed and confirmed by 20 experts (experts in urban and rural planning, and land use). The model used in this research was a hybrid model of SWOT-ANP and SWOT- AHP. Thus, the capabilities and limitations of the land use of border areas were measured. In terms of development, has been made. To reach this goal, by using the technique of SWOT, the strengths and weaknesses (internal factors), and the opportunities and threats (external factors) were identified. By the use of ANP and AHP models, the external and internal factors were examined to adopt the best strategy (SO, WO, ST, and WT). The findings indicated that in the SWOT-ANP model, the SO strategy with the score weight of 0.28152, and the ST strategy with the score weight of 0.26573 were chosen as the most important strategy, and as the alternative strategy, respectively. Moreover, in the SWOT- AHP model, the ST strategy with the score weight of 0.705, and WO strategy with the score weight of 0.601 were chosen as the most important strategy, and as the alternative strategy, respectively.