Migration and its consequences have been discussed as one of the major social issues in recent years in Iran. In all official censuses, East Azerbaijan Province has the most migrants and executive managers are faced with serious challenges. This paper has analyzed migration behavior in inside and outside of East Azerbaijan province in recent three decades. Research method is descriptive and analytical and the statistic society is East Azerbaijan province. The results show that there is a populous link between East Azerbaijan province with neighbor provinces and Tehran. The majority of whom arrive to the province are from Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan and Khuzestan provinces that include more than 70% of migrants and the main sources for immigrants from the province are Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Qom, Ardebil and Khuzestan provinces that include more than 80%. Also the main sources of who migrate inside the province are Tabriz, Maragheh, Ahar and Marand cities that include more than 50% of total immigrants and the major destination for migrants are Tabriz, Maragheh, Marand and Bonab cities that include more than 66% of them. Result's analyses show that there is not a systematic population replacement and that population exchanging occurs with cities that have more facilities and offer better services.

Regarding to the guiding plans in IRAN for five decades; it’s expected that such attempts in low crowded cities land to an exact planning which be able to quarantine the development of our central cities .The comprehensive planning of cities is mostly provided to boost the standards of urbanization, to control the development of cities, to coordinate different sections of city, and also to know the influential areas of them. In this study, we try to compare comprehensive and guiding plans of Dehaghan to evaluate applicability guiding plan in terms of population, framework and other functions. The research method is descriptive – analytical. The studies showed that the applicability in terms of population which is a foundation for other functions is 70% and about 7000 people are less than suggested. Except affairs such as residential , administrative - securing, religious ,commercial , green space, road net work and agricultural ,Functions other functions have not come into reality in terms of population ,and with regard to the their probability. And this reality represents the guiding plan inability to promote development in terms of the present planning. Increasing of migration because of limited opportunities for occupation, low motivation of people for farming as the result of widespread droughts and insufficient industries in the city; are some of the factors of the urban population decrease.

In order to improve the performance of tourism development in a desert town like khour and Byabanak according to its potential, using appropriate strategies would be increasingly necessary. In this paper, after finding the strengths and weakness, opportunities and threats, besides analyzing the views of tourism experts, with using SWOT technique, the appropriate strategies are offered for optimal utilization .The results obtained from quantitative strategic planning show that strategy SO1, is the best strategy, and ST2and SO5 are respectively the second and the third. Finally after declaring the strategies, some suggestions have been presented to promote tourism qualitatively and quantitatively. Then By tourism development in this town we can acquire to Socio- economical development in this region.

Analyzing spatial planning system in different countries could help make appropriate decisions to improve functional system of planning in our country. Belgium, inspite of its limited area, has a unique planning system which is derived from political and social condition. Belgium has a federal system which is composed of three cultural societies and three economic regions. Spatial planning is in the authority of economic regions and each region has a different planning system. In the article general characteristics of the Belgium, urbanism problems and finally a brief of spatial planning system in the country has been presented. Analyzing spatial planning system in different countries could help make appropriate decisions to improve functional system of planning in our country. Belgium, inspite of its limited area, has a unique planning system which is derived from political and social condition. Belgium has a federal system which is composed of three cultural societies and three economic regions. Spatial planning is in the authority of economic regions and each region has a different planning system. In the article general characteristics of the Belgium, urbanism problems and finally a brief of spatial planning system in the country has been presented.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, most countries in response to the complexities and problems of urbanization began their first actions of spatial planning. Switzerland is not excluded from this list and started spatial planning acts from the lowest level and today, after more than a century, is continuing with emphasis on spatial planning principles of sustainability, public and private partnerships and using extensive modeling and simulation techniques and progress. The purpose of this article is to introduce spatial planning system in this country, and consists of three main sections: the first section is a brief introduction on the political, geographical, economical and social situations. In the second section, it examines the background, and difficulties of spatial planning system and section three has put forth some conclusions. Swiss spatial planning system is done in three levels: Confederation, Canton and Communes with emphasis on vertical and horizontal corporation at different levels of planning and autonomy of Cantons.

This article is investigating the town and country planning in Austria. Although according to new definitions spatial planning in Austria has been started during fifties and sixties of the twentieth century, the issue has been set seriously on the L?nder's agenda of planning as the main authorities since establishing Austrian Conference On Regional Planning (?rok) in 1971.The programs implement at three levels (federal, land and local) in a complex system of power distribution .Federal administration(Bund) is responsible for higher education, water management, railway transportation, highways and federal roads, mines, forestry and finance. The L?nder take responsibility for building laws and zoning, nature protecting, fishing and hunting, agriculture and tax issues. The information is gathered in the regional level and there is coordination among the Bund and adjacent regions in preparing the regional plans and programs. The L?nder provide the required recommendations for monitoring the municipalities and urban plans. The communities are the only level which the spatial planning is implemented in the whole area. This level includes 2342 municipalities (sometimes too small) except Vienna and 14 self-ruled cities. At this level the local plans are being proposed that are legally mandatory and they are required to anticipate the development principles, instrument and land use classification. The plans should be under surveillance and monitoring of the regional authorities. Accessing the European Union, spatial planning has entered a new era dealing with new political, economic and social circumstances and in accordance with interregional planning and new scopes in Europe Since1995.

Spatial planning system of a country is the array of its planning systems. Getting familiar with spatial planning system of different countries and their experiences could help for comparison and accommodation so that making decision and defining appropriate planning system could be done. This article has studied the spatial planning system of Portugal and since there are different factors affecting on the system which are geographical, social, economic, historical and political status, they have been mentioned first and then history of spatial planning and its actual planning with different plans and related rules have been explained. The reasons to select this country are its rapid economic growth and consequently other changes of its spatial planning in recent years.Spatial planning system of a country is the array of its planning systems. Getting familiar with spatial planning system of different countries and their experiences could help for comparison and accommodation so that making decision and defining appropriate planning system could be done. This article has studied the spatial planning system of Portugal and since there are different factors affecting on the system which are geographical, social, economic, historical and political status, they have been mentioned first and then history of spatial planning and its actual planning with different plans and related rules have been explained. The reasons to select this country are its rapid economic growth and consequently other changes of its spatial planning in recent years.

Various industrial processes with a huge variety of products, materials and compounds create different kinds of pollution for human beings, so that the identification of environmental pollutants resulting from industrial units’ activities, especially in water resources seems necessary. The aim of this paper is to estimate the role of industrial units in contaminating water resources, through using pollution index in the effective area on Sabzevar water resources and ranking them according to their level of contamination. The research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical, and the research data is collected using methods of field data collection. In this study, because of the abundant existence of nitrogen pollutants in water resources in the region we tried to use the burden of nitrogen emission to estimate the volume of industrial pollution. The findings showed that pollution brunt resulting from industrial units of the area on nitrogen in 2008 is equal to twenty three tones, in which leather production units, with approximately forty five percent had the greatest role. According to the findings, waste separation plan of industrial wastewater from municipal as well as establishment of refinery networks which operate wastewater collection and treatment separately in industrial units in the range of Sabzevar, industrial zones and other industries in the studied area has been proposed

Land cover mapping is important for many planning and management activities. Today, satellite images and remote sensing techniques are extensively used in all sectors including agriculture and natural resources because they provide updated data and high analyzing abilities. In this study, in order to produce land cover map for the northern part of Hamedan province , digital satellite data IRSP6 ( Awifs time series data) were used. First, satellite image geometric correction with a mean square error of less than 0.48 pixels was applied. For image classification, the method of fuzzy classification was used. Finally, the land cover map of the study region was classified into thirteen classes. To assess the classified land cover map precision it was controlled for ground truths with a GPS. Kappa coefficient and overall classification accuracy of fuzzy classificotion were estimated 86 and 88 percent respectively. The results confirmed that the fuzzy clofifier was capable to generate land cover maps and cultivation‎ pattern‎ with high accuracy.

In this research, first was identified suitable regions (considering ecological indexes) for intensive and extensive outdoor recreation and their various degrees using the usual tourism ecological model and applying GIS. Results showed that 297.223 hectares of park area have class 1 of extensive outdoor recreation potential, 86.465223 hectares class 2 of extensive outdoor recreation potential, 1.126 hectares class 1 of intensive outdoor recreation potential and 137.417 hectares class 2 of intensive outdoor recreation potential and 16.212 hectares of park area is protection region. In the next step, with field surveys wefound that one of problems that increases rudeness in park nature is absence of attention to all effective factors of outdoor recreation potential of the park. Thus with refer to field, recorded points of water resources, recreation facilities, access road and tourist attractions using GPS these non-ecologic factors as positive informational layers were mixed with primary outdoor recreation capability map and final outdoor recreation capability map was maed. Final results showed that although the usual method is very efficient, it most, because don't consider all effective factors of recreation and enter other informational layers except ecological factors