The symptoms which were directly bound to the biochemical mode of action of an herbicide, other symptoms result from an indirect consequence of this action. The symptoms of herbicidal action deeply differed and that the climatic factors during the two first weeks after treatment could change definitely the result of the selective herbicide action. The repetitive observation of symptoms allows to inform the farmer about the tolerance or resistance of certain plant species, including the culture, for instance through the appearance of symptoms on the first leaves of the seedlings and their absence in the following leaves. As a whole, the accurate observation of herbicidal symptoms on plants is the essential, rapid and non-expensive analysis of treatment effectiveness at the field scale. The purpose of the current report is to describe the symptoms of a very complex herbicidal action, that of aclonifen involving two modes of action for the same molecule, approximately at the same concentration, and to compare these symptoms under field conditions and under controlled conditions, for a better understanding.

The article is devoted to studying the structural and dynamic changes in international trade in agricultural products in Ukraine. The authors reveal the theoretical essence of the international trade in agricultural trade, export and import conditions taking modern challenges into consideration. The assessment of foreign trade regime is given, the trends and impact of implementing the Agreement on association between Ukraine and the EU on the development of Ukraine’s foreign trade are established. It was established that, on the one hand, the export orientation of raw materials to the EU crop production market increased, on the other hand, high import dependence on prepared food products remains, the import structure being more diversified. The peculiarities of key directions of Ukraine’s agro-industrial market under martial law and its place in the global food security system are characterized. The article also studies the structure of Ukraine’s trading partners, which were revised from the beginning of the war. The peculiarities of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the international trade in agricultural products are analyzed. The ways of diversifying export and increasing profitability of foreign trade in agricultural products from Ukraine in the EU market are suggested.