Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the bacterial agent for tomato speck disease, can cause serious epidemics with high leaf moisture, mild temperatures, and cultural practices allowing bacterial dissemination among host plants. Boron is an essential micro-nutrient for plant growth and health in agricultural production. In this study, the effectiveness of 14 different Boron compounds at 5 different doses (1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mM) against P. s. pv. tomato at a concentration of 108 CFU ml-1 in vitro was evaluated and the most successful 4 different Boron compounds (Ammonium tetrafluoroborate, Sodium tetrafluoroborate, Zinc borate and Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate) were coated with 5 mM doses infected cv. H2274 tomato seeds to determine bacterial populations and seed emergence rates in the seeds. Among the 14 different Boron compounds used in the experiments, Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate was the most successful active ingredient 92% ratio in inhibiting P. s. pv. tomato populations in tomato seeds, while 39% success was achieved with sodium tetrafluoroborate applications. According to the results of the research, it is thought that some Boron compounds can be an economical, effective and environmentally friendly chemical in reducing P. s. pv. tomato in tomato seeds within the scope of good agricultural practices.

Se evaluó una población de medios hermanos (B1PD280) proveniente del cruzamiento del parental resistente al deterioro fisiológico poscosecha (DFP) CW429-1 (Manihot esculenta x M. walkerae), y ocho genotipos élite utilizados como padres recurrentes susceptibles. Se evaluaron cinco raíces por genotipo, 7 y 14 días después de la cosecha (d.d.c.) mediante una escala (0 - 100%). Los resultados mostraron reducción significativa de DFP (entre 10% y 46% en relación con los parentales recurrentes). Cincuenta y un genotipos tuvieron alto y medio nivel de resistencia (0 - 35%), 22% y 20% de ellos correspondieron a individuos sin síntomas 7 o 14 d.d.c., respectivamente. Se estableció una posible correlación entre DFP (14 d.d.c.) y escopoletina (0.523, P < 0.001) y materia seca (0.288, P < 0.001). | The accelerated Physiological Postharvest Deterioration (PPD) process limits the potential of cassava crop, diminishing its palatability and commercial value within 24-72 hours after harvest. A source of genes for drastic delay of PPD was identified in an inter-specific hybrid (CW429-1) between Manihot esculenta (cultivated cassava) and Manihot walkerae. The aim in this study was to evaluate the introgression of the resistance to PPD from the donor parent CW429-1 in cassava. A half-sib (BIPD280) population from resistant parental CW429-1 and 8 elite CIAT genotypes, used as susceptible recurrent parents, was developed and evaluated. The method proposed by Wheatley et al. (1985), with some modifications was used to quantify PPD. Five roots per genotype were evaluated 7 and 14 days after harvest (DAH), following a scale (0 - 100%), other relevant traits were evaluated. Results showed significant reduction of PPD (between 10-46% of PPD in relation to the recurrent parents). About 51% of genotypes were found to have high to medium level of resistance (0-35% PPD) of which 22 and 20% genotypes correspond to individuals without PPD after 7 and 14 DAH, respectively. A positive correlation was found between PPD (14 DAH) and scopoletin (0.523, p<0.001), and with dry matter (0.288, p<0.001). These preliminary results indicated that the scheme for introgressing PPD resistance was successful, that confirm the potential of the wild cassava in the scheme of cassava breeding.

An experiment was conducted during Kharif-1 of 2022 at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Substation, Satkhira to know the effect of foliar application of micronutrients (zinc and boron) on the growth and yield of mungbean. There were three levels of zinc (Zn) (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) and boron (B) (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) along with a blanket dose of urea (35 kg ha-1, triple super phosphate (TSP) (80 kg ha-1), murite of potash (MoP) (40 kg ha-1) and Sulphur (60 kg ha-1). The growth and yield of mungbean was significantly affected by foliar application of different levels of Zn and B. Results revealed that foliar application of Zn at the rate of 0.6% and at the rate of B 0.6% along with recommended dose at 45 days after sowing increases the branches/plant, fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), chlorophyll content, flower/plant, pod/plant, seed/pod thereby increase seed yield. Therefore, the foliar spray of 0.6% Zn significantly increased and influenced 1000 seed weight (g), decreased days to flowering, increased number of seed/pod and yield ton/ha along with blanket dose of Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum might be considered as suitable dose for mungbean production in southern region of Bangladesh.

Resumen La compactación del suelo es un proceso físico complejo que afecta el desempeño del cultivo por limitar la expansión de las raíces y la reducción de agua y asimilación de nutrientes desde el suelo. Debido a la variabilidad espacial de la compactación del suelo, las necesidades de las prácticas de remediación, pueden variar respecto al suelo. Sin embargo, el mapeo de compactación del suelo estimado mediante los datos del índice de cono (IC), es una tarea difícil. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de examinar la variabilidad espacial de los datos del IC en un suelo Typic Argiudoll en el centro de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina bajo un sistema de no labranza y el delineamiento de zonas para labranza en sitio específico basado en mapas de probabilidades de ocurrencia de compactación del suelo desarrollada usando el kriging indicador. Se registraron 69 IC georreferenciados y determinaciones volumétricas de agua (SWC) en un área experimental de 70 x 110 m. Los sitios de muestreo fueron distribuidos de acuerdo a una malla psedo- regular, evitando la huella visible de la maquinaria. Se creó una variable indicadora mediante el agrupamiento de los sitios de muestreo en dos grupos según los perfiles de IC dentro de los 30 cm de profundidad. La estructura espacial de los datos de IC agregados por capas de 10 cm y la variable del indicador, fueron evaluados mediante un enfoque basado en el modelo. La alta variabilidad y la pobre estructura espacial observada en los datos IC, fueron atribuidas al efecto de la labranza y al tráfico bajo la escala del muestreo. Esta característica de los datos limitó la aplicación de técnicas de interpolación para este atributo de suelo. Sin embargo, los mapas de probabilidad de ocurrencia de la compactación del suelo en la zona radicular, fueron obtenidos mediante la integración de los datos del índice de cono del horizonte arable (0-30cm), usando el enfoque del kriging indicador. Tales mapas de probabilidad podrían ser útiles para el delineamiento de zonas potenciales para labranza en sitio específico. | Abstract Soil compaction is a complex physical process that affects the crop performance by limiting the expansion of the roots and the reduction of water and nutrients uptake from soil. Due to the spatial variability of soil compaction, the needs for remedial practices may vary within the field. However, mapping soil compaction estimated by cone index (CI) data is a difficult task. The aim of this study were to examine the spatial variability of CI data in a fine-mixed-thermic Typic Argiudoll soil form the center of Santa Fe, province -Argentina under no-till system, and to delineate zones for site-specific tillage based on maps of probabilities of occurrence of soil compaction developed using indicator kriging. Sixty nine georeferenced CI and volumetric water content (SWC) measurements were recorded in a 70 x 110 m experimental area. Sample locations were distributed following a pseudo-regular grid avoiding visible machinery footprint. An indicator variable was created by splitting the sampling locations into two groups based on the CI profiles within 0-30 cm depth. The spatial structure of the CI data aggregated by 10-cm layers and the indicator variable was assessed by a model-based approach. The high variability and poor spatial structure observed in CI data was attributed to the effect of tillage and traffic under the sampling scale. This feature underpinned the application of spatial interpolation techniques for this property. However, maps of the probability of occurrence of soil compaction in the root zone were be obtained by integrating the cone index data of the arable horizon (0-30 cm) using the indicator kriging approach. Such probability maps could be useful for the delineation of potential zones for site-specific tillage.

Soil compaction is a complex physical process that affects the crop performance by limiting the expansion of the roots and the reduction of water and nutrients uptake from soil. Due to the spatial variability of soil compaction, the needs for remedial practices may vary within the field. However, mapping soil compaction estimated by cone index (CI) data is a difficult task. The aim of this study were to examine the spatial variability of CI data in a fine-mixed-thermic Typic Argiudoll soil form the center of Santa Fe, province -Argentina under no-till system, and to delineate zones for site-specific tillage based on maps of probabilities of occurrence of soil compaction developed using indicator kriging. Sixty nine georeferenced CI and volumetric water content (SWC) measurements were recorded in a 70 x 110 m experimental area. Sample locations were distributed following a pseudo-regular grid avoiding visible machinery footprint. An indicator variable was created by splitting the sampling locations into two groups based on the CI profiles within 0-30 cm depth. The spatial structure of the CI data aggregated by 10-cm layers and the indicator variable was assessed by a model-based approach. The high variability and poor spatial structure observed in CI data was attributed to the effect of tillage and traffic under the sampling scale. This feature underpinned the application of spatial interpolation techniques for this property. However, maps of the probability of occurrence of soil compaction in the root zone were be obtained by integrating the cone index data of the arable horizon (0-30 cm) using the indicator kriging approach. Such probability maps could be useful for the delineation of potential zones for site-specific tillage.