Recently, most genomic research has focused on genome editing methods to develop new technologies that could be easy, reliable, and feasible to edit plant genomes for highly productive agriculture. Genome editing is based on alternating a specific target DNA sequence by adding, replacing, and removing DNA bases. This newest technology called CRISPR/Cas9 seems to be less time-consuming, more effective and used in many research areas of plant genetic research. CRISPR/Cas9 systems have many advantages in comparison with ZFNs and TALENs and has been extensively used for genome editing to many crop plant species. Around 20 crop species are successfully worked out for trait improvements, for example, yield improvement, disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, and biotic and abiotic stress management. This review paper will overview recent advances in CRISPR/Cas genome editing research in detail. The main focus will be on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in plant genome research.

Genome modifications include potential about providing significant advantages on increasing yield performance and developing resistance to diseases. Gene editing methods that provides silencing or expressing of a gene which is an individual already has, have important potential for improving genetic structure without environmental effects. In recent times, new gene editing systems were developed. These are ZFNs (Zinc Finger Nucleases), TALENs (Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases) and CRISPR/Cas nuclease systems. CRISPR/Cas system is a microbial immune system that uses RNA guided nucleases for destroying genetic materials and its potential usage like a simple and efficient gene editing mechanism in animals is being evaluated recently. In this review, we summarized CRISPR/Cas9 system and its usability in animal breeding